Format:
388 S.
Edition:
Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
ISBN:
9789264111639
Content:
In the three decades to the recent economic downturn, wage gaps widened and household income inequality increased in a large majority of OECD countries. This occurred even when countries were going through a period of sustained economic and employment growth. This report analyses the major underlying forces behind these developments. It examines to which extent economic globalisation, skill-biased technological progress and institutional and regulatory reforms have had an impact on the distribution of earnings. The report further provides evidence of how changes in family formation and household structures have altered household earnings and income inequality. And it documents how tax and benefit systems have changed in the ways they redistribute household incomes. The report discusses which policies are most promising to counter increases in inequalities and how the policy mix can be adjusted when public budgets are under strain
Note:
Includes bibliographical references
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Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings1.big picture: inequality on the rise in most OECD countries2.What drives growing earnings and income disparities?3.Lessons for policiesNotesReferencesAnnex A1Trends in Different Income Inequality MeasuresSpecial Focus: Inequality in Emerging Economies (EEs)1.Introduction2.Inequality patterns in EEs3.Economic factors behind inequality4.Institutional arrangements shaping redistribution5.Policy challenges for tackling inequality while creating more and better jobsNotesReferencesAnnex 0.A1Main Features of Social Protection Systems in EEspt. IHow Globalisation, Technological Change and Policies Affect Wage and Earnings Inequalitiesch. 1Trends in Wage Inequality, Economic Globalisation and Labour Market Policies and Institutions1.1.Introduction1.2.Trends in wage dispersion1.3.Globalisation: recent trends in global economic developments1.4.Trends in labour market policies, institutions and regulations1.5.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesch. 2Impact of Economic Globalisation and Changes in Policies and Institutions on Rising Earnings Inequality2.1.Introduction2.2.Effects of economic globalisation, technological change, and changes in policies and institutions on wage inequality2.3.Effects on the top and the bottom of the wage distribution: tail-sensitive analyses2.4.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 2.A1Data Sources and VariablesAnnex 2.A2Changes in the Skill Wage Gap and the Role of Sectorsch. 3Inequality Between the Employed and the Non-employed3.1.Introduction3.2.Earnings inequality among the whole working-age population3.3.Linking globalisation and developments in policies and institutions to changes in earnings inequality among the working-age population3.4.Globalisation, regulatory reforms and changes in overall earnings inequality: bringing together the evidence3.5.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 3.A1Data for the Analyses in Section 3.2Annex 3.A2Additional Tables and Figurespt. IIHow Inequalities in Labour Earnings Lead to Inequalities in Household Disposable Incomech. 4Hours Worked, Self-Employment and Joblessness as Ingredients of Earnings Inequality4.1.Introduction4.2.Trends in inequality among full-time workers and all workers4.3.Compositional changes and their impact on trends in earnings inequality4.4.Earnings inequality and joblessness4.5.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 4.A1Additional TablesAnnex 4.A2Accounting for the Effect of Joblessness on Earnings Inequality Among the Whole Working-Age Populationch. 5Trends in Household Earnings Inequality: The Role of Changing Family Formation Practices5.1.Introduction5.2.Levels and trends in household earnings inequality5.3.determinants of changes in household earnings inequality: labour market and demographic factors5.4.Explaining changes in household earnings inequality5.5.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 5.A1Additional Tables and Figuresch. 6From Household Earnings to Disposable Household Income Inequality6.1.Introduction6.2.Inequality: trends in the distribution of market and disposable income6.3.How much of inequality is explained by each of the income sources?6.4.Redistributive effects of marginal increases in individual income components6.5.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 6.A1Additional Tablespt. IIIHow the Roles of Tax and Transfer Systems Have Changedch. 7Changes in Redistribution in OECD Countries Over Two Decades7.1.Introduction7.2.Measured changes in redistribution7.3.role of policy reforms7.4.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 7.A1Additional Tables and Figuresch. 8Distributive Impact of Publicly Provided Services8.1.Introduction8.2.Defining public social services8.3.overall distributive impact of publicly provided services on the distribution of income8.4.distributive impact of particular public services8.5.distributive impact of public services over time8.6.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 8.A1How to Account for Publicly Provided Services in Household Income: Conceptual and Methodological IssuesAnnex 8.A2Additional Tables and Figuresch. 9Trends in Top Incomes and Their Tax Policy Implications9.1.Introduction9.2.Data on top incomes9.3.Trends in the share of top incomes9.4.Explanations of the trends in top incomes9.5.Tax policy implications9.6.Summary and conclusionsNotesReferencesAnnex 9.A1Characteristics and Limitations of Income Data from Tax Returns.
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