Format:
Online-Ressource (digital)
ISBN:
9781461422181
Series Statement:
SpringerLink
Content:
Myelin Repair and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis presents an up-date on the translational potential of promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). A number of research frontiers still exist in this challenging disease. The cause remains elusive, preventing breakthroughs in its prevention. The move towards oral immunomodulatory therapies has been a major advance, as has the finding of new genes linked to susceptibility that may open the door to new therapeutic approaches. However, a frontier that has been making significant strides in recent years has been that surrounding the neurobiology of myelin regeneration and axon protection: such have been the advances that clinical translation is on the cusp of being achieved. Two broad approaches to therapeutic enhancement of remyelination are envisaged: promoting endogenous remyelination by targeting cells present in the CNS, or, replacing lost myelinating cells from exogenous sources. Current research on oligodendrocyte biology, the pathology of MS, imaging of lesions and the biology of remyelination are paving the way toward opening this new translational frontier. Professor Duncan and Professor Franklin have assembled a broad group of experts in the fields of glial cell biology, neuropathology, radiology and clinical neurology to provide the background toward taking remyelination from experimented models into MS patients.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
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Myelin Repair and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis; Foreword; Introduction; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Development of Oligodendrocytes in the Vertebrate CNS; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Regulation of Early Oligodendrocyte Precursor Appearance; 1.2.1 Lineage Relationships of OPCs: Insights from In Vitro Studies; 1.2.2 OPCs Arise in Distinct Locations in the Developing CNS; 1.2.3 Environmental Factors That Dictate the Location of OPCs; 1.3 Control of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Differentiation in the CNS; 1.3.1 Regulation of Neonatal OPC Differentiation
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1.3.2 The Adult Oligodendrocyte Precursor1.4 Control of OPC Migration in the Developing CNS; 1.4.1 Signals Regulating OPC Migration; 1.4.2 Guidance of OPC Migration; 1.4.3 Targeting OPCs to Presumptive Myelinating Regions; 1.5 Control of Myelination During Development of the CNS; 1.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 2: Demyelination and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Demyelination in MS; 2.2.1 MS Lesion Classi fi cation; 2.2.2 MS Lesion Location; 2.2.3 In fl ammation; 2.2.4 Myelin/Myelin Degeneration Products in Macrophages; 2.2.5 Pathological Heterogeneity
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2.3 The Cellular Components of the MS Lesion2.3.1 Oligodendrocytes and Myelin; 2.3.2 Astrocytes; 2.3.3 Microglia/Macrophages; 2.3.4 Blood Vessels; 2.3.5 Lymphocytes; 2.3.6 Axons; 2.4 Gray Matter Pathology; 2.4.1 Meningeal In fl ammation; 2.5 Normal-Appearing White Matter; 2.6 Remyelination in MS; 2.6.1 Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation of OPCs in MS Lesions; 2.6.2 Inhibitory Pathways; 2.6.3 Remyelination and In fl ammation; 2.6.4 Remyelination Promoting Therapies in MS; 2.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Microglial Function in MS Pathology; 3.1 Repair in MS
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3.2 Patterns of Microglial Activation in the Context of Disease Heterogeneity3.2.1 Pathology; 3.2.2 Distribution of Microglia within MS Lesions and Putative Functional Roles; 3.3 Microglial Heterogeneity: Disparate Functions and Targets?; 3.3.1 Developmental Origins; 3.3.2 Regional Variation; 3.3.3 Sources in Disease; 3.4 Interrogating Functional Roles for Microglia in Health and Disease; 3.4.1 Surveillance; 3.4.2 Experimental Models of Demyelination; 3.5 Microglial Activities; 3.5.1 Phagocytic Activity; 3.5.1.1 Targets of Phagocytic Activity; Myelin; Axons; Apoptotic Cells; Myelin Debris
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3.5.1.2 Remodelling3.5.2 In fl ammatory Activity; 3.5.2.1 Molecular Determinants of Microglial Activation; 3.5.2.2 Consequences of Pro-in fl ammatory Activity in Central Demyelination; 3.5.2.3 Molecular Basis for the Pathogenic Effect; 3.5.3 Immunomodulation; 3.5.4 Repair; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Endogenous Remyelination in the CNS; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Identifying Remyelination; 4.3 Remyelination Is the Normal Response to Demyelination; 4.4 Remyelination Restores Function and Protects Axons; 4.5 The Mechanisms of Remyelination
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4.5.1 Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Are the Main Source of New Myelin-Forming Oligodendrocytes
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9781461422174
Additional Edition:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-1-461-42217-4
Language:
English
Subjects:
Medicine
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-2218-1
URL:
Volltext
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