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  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Building the International Criminal Court
  • Cited by 65
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2012
Print publication year:
2008
Online ISBN:
9780511790607
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790607
Subjects:
Politics and International Relations, Comparative Politics
Information

Book description

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first and only standing international court capable of prosecuting humanity's worst crimes: genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. It faces huge obstacles. It has no police force; it pursues investigations in areas of tremendous turmoil, conflict, and death; it is charged both with trying suspects and with aiding their victims; and it seeks to combine divergent legal traditions in an entirely new international legal mechanism. International law advocates sought to establish a standing international criminal court for more than 150 years. Other, temporary, single-purpose criminal tribunals, truth commissions, and special courts have come and gone, but the ICC is the only permanent inheritor of the Nuremberg legacy. In Building the International Criminal Court, Oberlin College Professor of Politics Ben Schiff analyzes the International Criminal Court, melding historical perspective, international relations theories, and observers' insights to explain the Court's origins, creation, innovations, dynamics, and operational challenges.

Reviews

“Building the International Criminal Court is a work of great significance and an essential tool for understanding the ICC. Schiff's book is also very timely; exactly ten years after the signing of the Rome Statute, the ICC is now in full operation, but its every move is still formative and carries lasting implications for its future. While the Court stands as a symbol of progress for humanity, it is also the target of criticism from skeptics who argue that the highly politicized institution remains plagued by inefficiency and institutional deficiencies. Schiff’s presentation of the Court and its beginnings allows the reader to evaluate these criticisms against an informed and comprehensive picture of the institution and its functions. From the outset, Schiff himself is explicit about his concerns that the practical limitations and political nature of the Court present potentially insurmountable challenges. But he also demonstrates the importance of the Court’s work and gives many reasons to be optimistic about the Court's potential. Without advocating for a specific viewpoint, Schiff balances optimism and realism in a way that allows the reader to form his or her own conclusions about the potential and the limitations of the ICC.”
Beatrice Lindstrom, New York University Journal of Law and Politics

“Drawing from multiple strands of international relations theory, Benjamin Schiff examines the creation and operation of the International Criminal Court. He takes a hard look at the political past and future of this new international organization. This important book covers extensive ground and is essential reading for a public concerned - as it should be - with the interplay between law, politics, tragedy, and justice. It is only by studying the International Criminal Court that its work can be improved. By illuminating the path forward, Schiff has done us all a tremendous service.”
-Mark A. Drumbl, Washington and Lee University

“An insightful study of an unprecedented international institution. Ben Schiff, in a clear and flowing analysis, blends history, law and political science into a work of lasting significance.”
-M. Cherif Bassiouni, DePaul University

“A superb systematic examination of the International Criminal Court - the ‘streams’ of ideas and actions that shaped it, the challenges of building a new, functioning organization; the handling of the first four situations referred to it; and the ongoing tensions between peace and justice and political and judicial choices it faces. Given its scope, Benjamin Schiff's book is invaluable for both scholars and practitioners; its clear prose also makes it an excellent choice for graduate and upper-level courses in human rights, international law, and international organization.”
-Margaret P. Karns, University of Dayton

“The tensions in the establishment and operations of the ICC are masterfully examined in this comprehensive work by Schiff. Particularly fascinating is the dilemma between justice and peace in the inaugural four African cases on the docket. Grounded in international relations theories, this book is a ‘must read’ for scholars and students of international law and organization and international human rights.”
-Karen Mingst, University of Kentucky

“…a highly readable and perceptive analysis…In his stocktaking, Schiff demonstrates a particular knack of amalgamating all the political and juridical dimensions that challenge this unparalleled institution…To sum up, it can be said that Schiff’s book not only provides its reader with internal insights into the origin, architecture, and policy of the youngest and probably most ambitious global institution: it also develops an implicit vision of its role as a global political player. Despite an enormous density of information, Schiff manages to tell a fascinating story about diplomatic entanglements, power interests, and international co-operation during the emergence of a new global institution.”
Henning Hahn, Department of Philosophy, University of Kassel, Development in Practice

“A richly detailed, insightful, and engrossing account of the establishment and evolution of one of the world’s most important new institutions, this remarkable book is a historical document of major significance. A must read for scholars of international law and diplomacy, and anyone interested in the world-wide struggle against impunity.”
-Michael P. Scharf, Case Western Reserve University

"Tightly woven and highly cogent, [Schiff's] discussion is an impressive dissection of the political tensions that have called into question the ICC's own role in administering justice...[A] seamless and comprehensive analysis of the 'First Situations.'"
Perspectives on Politics, Steven C, Roach, University of South Florida

"[The book] provides one of the best contributions to both the fields of international relations and international law by recognizing and describing the process that has led to the establishment of the ICC as one in which international justice concerns and political interests came into place."
AJS, Rosa Aloisi, University of North Texas

"[A] work of great significance and an essential tool for understanding the ICC."
International Law and Politics, Beatrice Lindstrom

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Contents

Contents
References
Bibliography and Sources
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O'Connell, Jamie, “Gambling with the Psyche: Does Prosecuting Human Rights Violators Console Their Victims?” Harvard International Law Journal, 46, 2 (2005), 295–345.
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Peskin, Victor, “Courting Rwanda: The Promises and Pitfalls of the ICTR Outreach Program,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3, 4 (2005), 950–61.
Posner, Eric A., and Yoo, John C., “A Theory of International Adjudication,” Law School of the University of Chicago, John M. Olin Law and Economic Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 206, and University of California, Berkeley Law School Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Research Paper No. 146.
Raab, Dominic, “Evaluating the ICTY and Its Completion Strategy: Efforts to Achieve Accountability for War Crimes and Their Tribunals,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3, 1 (2005), 82–102.
Raab, Dominic, and Bevers, Hans, “The International Criminal Court and the Separation of Powers” International Organizations Law Review 3, 1 (2006), 93–135.
Reeves, Eric, “Why Abuja Won't Save Darfur,” The New Republic (May 10, 2006), <http://www.sudanreeves.org/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=103>.
Relva, Hugo, “The Implementation of the Rome Statute in Latin American States,” Leiden Journal of International Law, 16, 2 (2003), 331–66.
Schabas, William, “Darfur and the ‘Odious Scourge’: The Commission of Inquiry's Findings on Genocide,” Leiden Journal of International Law, 18, 4 (2005), 871–85.
Schabas, William, ed., “Truth Commissions and Courts: The Tension Between Criminal Justice and the Search for Truth,” Criminal Law Forum, 15, 1–2 (2004).
Scharf, Michael,“Legacy of the Milosevic Trial,” New England Law Review, 37, 4 (2003), 915–32.
Scharf, Michael “The Politics Behind the U.S. Opposition to the International Criminal Court,” New England International and Comparative Law Annual 1999, 5, <http://www.nesl.edu/intljournal/vol5/scharf.htm>, accessed 5/18/06.
Scheffer, David, “Article 98(2) of the Rome Statute: America's Original Intent,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3, 2 (May 2005), 333–53.
Scheffer, David, “Challenges Confronting International Justice Issues,” New England International and Comparative Law Annual, 4 (1998), <http://www.nesl.edu/intljournal/VOL4/SCHEFFER.PDF>.
Scheffer, David, “How to Turn the Tide Using the Rome Statute's Temporal Jurisdiction,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2, 1 (2004), 26–34.
Scheffer, David, “The Future U.S. Relationship with the International Criminal Court,” Pace University School of Law International Law Review, XVII, II (Fall 2005), 161–78.
Sebenius, James K. “Challenging Conventional Explanations of International Negotiation: Negotiation Analysis and the Case of Epistemic Communities,” International Organization, 46, 1 (Winter 1992), 323–66.
Sil, Rudra, “Problems Chasing Methods or Methods Chasing Problems? Research Communities, Constrained Pluralism, and the Role of Eclecticism,” in Shapiro, Ian, Smith, Rogers, and Masoud, Tarek, eds., Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Chapter 14.
Sil, Rudra, “Analytic Eclecticism and Research Traditions in International Relations,” paper presented at Oberlin College, Social Sciences Division “Leading Edge” Seminar, April 27, 2007.
Southwick, Katherine, “Investigating War in Northern Uganda: Dilemmas for the International Criminal Court,” Yale Journal of International Affairs 1, 1 (Summer/Fall 2005), 105–16.
Ssenyojo, Manisuli, “Accountability of Non-State Actors in Uganda for War Crimes and Human Rights Violations: Between Amnesty and the International Criminal Court,” Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 10, 3 (2005), 405–34.
Struett, Michael J., “The Legitimacy of Prosecutorial Discretion at the International Criminal Court,” typescript, paper prepared for UC Irvine Workshop “Judging Transitional Justice,” October 30–31, 2004.
Tochilovsky, Vladimir, “Proceedings in the International Criminal Court: Some Lessons to Learn from ICTY Experience,” European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 10, 4 (2002), 268–75.
Turner, Jenia Iontcheva, “Nationalizing International Criminal Law” Stanford Journal of International Law, 41, 1 (2005), 1–51.
Webb, Philippa, “The ICC Prosecutor's Discretion Not to Proceed in the Interests of Justice,” Criminal Law Quarterly, 50, 3 (2005), 305–48.
Wendt, Alexander, “Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization, 46, 3 (1992), 391–425.
Zacklin, Ralph, “The Failings of Ad Hoc International Tribunals,” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2, 2 (2004), 541–5.
Zoglin, Katie, “Future of War Crimes Prosecutions in the Former Yugoslavia: Accountability or Junk Justice?” Human Rights Quarterly, 27, 1 (2005), 41–77.
News Coverage
,The Age, “NSW Judge Candidate for International Court,” March 12, 2003, <http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/03/11/1047144971263.html>.
,Agence France-Presse (AFP), “War in Northern Uganda World's Worst Forgotten Crisis: UN,” November 11, 2003, posted on Reliefweb, <http://www.reliefweb. int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/e1f176894430fdeec1256ddb0056ea4c>.
Aita, Judy, Washington File United Nations Correspondent, U.S. Department of State, USINFO.STATE.GOV, “African Union Tribunal Proposed for War Crimes in Darfur,” <http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2005/Feb/10-767752.html>.
Allio, Emmy, “Sudan Predicts Kony End,” The New Vision (February 17, 2004), <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/340455>.
Allison, Ewen, “News from the International War Crimes Tribunals,” Human Rights Brief (Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Washington College of Law, American University), 1997, <http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v4i3/tribun43.htm>.
Anderson, Janet, “ICC Enters Uncharted Territory,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting, TU No. 445, March 24, 2006, <http://iwpr.net/?p=tri&s= f&o=260514&apc_state=henptri>.
Anderson, Janet, “World Court Faces Biggest Challenge,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting, AR No. 67 June 16, 2006, <http://iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=321675&apc_ state=heniacr2006>.
,Associated Press, “International Criminal Court Names Former Sudan Minister in Darfur War Crimes Case,” International Herald Tribune (February 27, 2007), <http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/28/europe/EU-GEN-International-Court-Darfur.php>.
Beaumont, Peter, “Sudan's Gosh Holds Talks in London on Darfur and Terror,” Sudan Tribune, June 7, 2006, <http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article 14517>.
Bibas, B., Chicon, E., and Petit, F., “Germaine Katanga, Second Congolese Transfer to the ICC,” International Justice Tribune, No. 76, October 22, 2007.
Boyle, Katherine, “ICC Outreach Budget Gets Big Boost,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting, TU No. 481 December 15, 2006, <http://iwpr.net/?p=tri&s= f&o=326204&apc_state=henptri>.
,BBC, “New Overture to Uganda's Rebels” May 17, 2006, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/africa/4990086.stm>.
,BBC, “Powell Declares Genocide in Sudan” September 9, 2004, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3641820.stm>.
,BBC, “Sudan ‘Will Defy Darfur Warrants,’” May 3, 2007, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/africa/6618527.stm>.
Chicon, Emmanuel, and Bibas, Benjamin, “Europe Supports the ICC without Fail and without Zeal,” International Justice Tribune, No. 68, May 21, 2007.
Clarke, David, “U.S. Wants to Rid Uganda of LRA Rebels this Year,” Reuters, Washingtonpost.com, May 16, 2006, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ content/article/2006/05/16/AR2006051601123.html>.
,CNN, “War Tribunal Starts Without US,” March 11, 2003, <http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/03/11/world.court/>.
Cruvillier, Thierry, “ICC Joins the Congolese Chess Game,” International Justice Tribune, No. 8, July 5, 2004.
Cruvellier, Thierry, “International Criminal Court: Prosecution,” International Justice Tribune, No. 8, July 5, 2004.
Cruvillier, Thierry, “ICTR: A Wind of Change,” International Justice Tribune, February 2001, <http://www.justicetribune.com/index.php?page=v2_article&id= 2081>.
Darstaedt, Thomas, and Zuber, Helene, “The Hague Takes On the Sudanese Blood Bath,” Der Speigel, August 22, 2005, <http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,371348,00.htm>.
Deutsch, Anthony, “Congolese Rebel Leader Extradited to Court,” Washington Post, March 17, 2006.
Diehl, Jackson, “A Losing Latin Policy: Are We About to Punish Democratic Allies?” Washington Post, March 10, 2006, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/09/AR2006030902194.html>.
Ford, Peter, and McLaughlin, Abraham, “Global Law Claims New Turf in Sudan”, Christian Science Monitor, June 10, 2005, <http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0610/p01s04-wogi.html>.
Gidley, Ruth, “Oil Discovery Adds New Twist to Darfur Tragedy,” Reuters AlertNet, June 15, 2005, <http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/sudan/2005/0615oil.htm>.
Glassborow, Katy, “CAR Case to focus on Sexual Violence”, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, AR No. 113, May 24, 2007, <http://iwpr.net/?p=acr&s= f&o= 335830&apc_state=henh>.
,Global Policy Forum, “Bush Administration Ponders Position Toward International Court,” International Enforcement Law Reporter, 17, 6 (June 2001), <http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/2001/05icc.htm>.
,Mark Leon Goldberg, “Khartoum Characters,” The American Prospect online edition, July 3, 2005, <http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=View Print&articleId=9863>.
Herman, Steve, “Japan's Expected to Support International Criminal Court,” Voice of America (December 6, 2006), <http://www.voanews.com/english/2006-12-06-voa14.cfm?renderforprint=1>.
Hoge, Warren, “U.S. Lobbies U.N. on Darfur and International Court,” NY Times Online News Report, January 29, 2005, <http://www.genocidewatch.org/SudanUSlobbiesUNonDarfurandinternationalcourt1Feb2005.htm>.
,IRIN, “IDPs Unlikely to Meet Deadline to Vacate Camps” December 26, 2006, <http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200612260272.html>.
,IRIN, “LRA Leaders not Entitled to Amnesty – Minister” April 21, 2006, <http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=58805>.
,IRIN, “Sudan: Darfur War-crime Suspects Won't Go to ICC, Government Says,” April 4, 2005, <http://www.irinnews.org/print.asp?ReportID= 46436>.
,IRIN, “Sudan: Judiciary Challenges ICC over Darfur Cases,” June 24, 2005, <http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=47802&SelectRegion=East_ Africa&Select Country=SUDAN>.
,IRIN, “Uganda: Too Scared to Return Home,” March 21, 2006, <http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=52332&SelectRegion=East_Africa>.
Kajee, Ayesha, “World Court Probes Ex-African Leader,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting AR No. 66, June 9, 2006, <http://iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o= 321552&apc_state=heniacr2006>.
Kessler, Glenn, “Sudanese, Rebels Sign Peace Plan for Darfur,” Washington Post, May 6, 2006, p. 1, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/05/AR2006050500305.html>.
Kwera, Francis, “Uganda Violence,” Reuters Alertnet, October 9, 2006, <http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L09279258.htm>.
Leopold, Evelyn, “Japan Expects to Join New Criminal Court in Oct,” Reuters News Alert, May 2, 2007, <http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N02320179.htm>.
Matsiko, Grace, Nyakairu, Frank, and Harera, Paul, “Kony Charges a Stumbling Block, Says U.N. Chief” The Monitor (Kampala), September 13, 2006, <http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200609130078.htm>.
Mukasa, Henry, “LRA Truce Extended for 2 Months,” New Vision, December 17, 2006, posted on allAfrica.com, <http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200612180174.html>.
Muyita, Solomon, Natabaalo, Grace, and Munyonyo, Emmanuel Gyezaho, “Museveni Insists on Kony ICC Arrests,” The Monitor (Kampala), October 28, 2006, <http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200610270919.html>.
,The New Vision, “Acholi Leaders to Meet ICC,” March 17, 2005, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/16/423833>.
,The New Vision, “Acholi MPs Denounce for Hague Delegation,” March 18, 2005, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/424027>.
,The New Vision, “Court rules out Kony Immunity,” April 18, 2005, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/429736>.
,The New Vision, “Drop Kony ICC Case, say NGOs,” January 8, 2005, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/410622>.
,The New Vision, “ICC Threats Might Mar Peace Talks, Church Says,” February 14, 2005, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/418050>.
,The New Vision, “Kony Flees into Congo,” February 6, 2006, <http://www.newvision. co.ug/D/8/12/480338>.
,The New Vision, “LRA Talks Over, Says Bigombe,” October 10, 2005, <http://www.lnewvision.co.ug/D/8/12/460057>.
,The New Vision, “Museveni Gives Joseph Kony Final Peace Offer,” May 16, 2006, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/428862>.
,The New Vision, “The New LRA-Uganda Truce,” November 2, 2006, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/530045>.
,The New Vision, “Probe Army Too, Amnesty Tells ICC,” February 5, 2004, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/338007>.
,The New Vision, “ICC May Drop LRA Charges,” November 15, 2004, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/400006>.
,No Peace Without Justice, “Kremlin Int'l News Broadcast-Press Conference With Kirsch and Kolodkin,” February 10, 2004, <http://www.npwj.org/?q=node/1565>.
Nyakairu, Frank, and ,Agencies, “International Criminal Court Opposes Museveni Peace Offer to Kony,” The Monitor (Kampala), May 19, 2006, <http://allafrica.com/stories/200605180694.html>.
Okeowo, Alexis, “LRA and Ugandan Government Renew Truce,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting, AR No. 113, May 24, 2007, <http://iwpr.net/?p=acr&s= f&o=335788&apc_state=henh>.
Oman, Mohamed, “Sudan's Cabinet Rejects U.N. Resolution on ICC Trials,” Associated Press, April 3, 2005, No Peace Without Justice Web site, <http://www.npwj.org/?q=node/2105>.
Penketh, Anne, “Extermination of the Pygmies,” The Independent (London), July 7, 2004, <http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/2004/0707pygmies.htm>.
Petit, Frank, “Interview with Claude Jorda, Judge at the International Criminal Court,” International Justice Tribune, No. 38, December 19, 2005.
Petit, Frank, “Minimalist Investigation in Lubanga's Case,” International Justice Tribune, No. 53, September 25, 2006.
Petit, Frank, “The Small Steps Strategy of the ICC in Darfur,” interview with Antonio Cassese, International Justice Tribune, No. 63, March 5, 2007.
Polgreen, Lydia, and Simons, Marlise, “Hague Court Investigating Rights Violations in Central African Republic” International Herald Tribune, May 22, 2007, <http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/22/africa/court.php>.
Price, Stuart, “Kony Probe Begins June,” The New Vision, January 31, 2004, <http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/336863>.
Rubin, Elizabeth, “If not Peace, Then Justice,” New York Times Magazine (April 2, 2006), pp. 42–54, <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/magazine/02darfur.html>.
Silverstein, Ken, “Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America's War on Terrorism Despite Once Harboring Bin Laden, Khartoum Regime Has Supplied Key Intelligence, Officials Say,” Los Angeles Times, April 29, 2005, <http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/terrorwar/analysis/2005/0429sudan.htm>.
Simons, Marlise, “Argentine Is Expected to Be Prosecutor for War Crime Court” New York Times, March 23, 2003, posted on Global Policy Forum Web page, <http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/2003/0323argintine.htm>.
Stuart, Heikelina Verrijn, “Judges and Prosecutor Argue Over Powers,” International Justice Tribune, No. 22, March 29, 2005.
Stuart, Heikelina Verrijn, “Uganda: Reasons for a Bumpy Start,” International Justice Tribune, No. 37, December 5, 2005.
Stuart, Heikelina Verrijn, “Who Will Oversee the Victims at the ICC?” International Justice Tribune, No. 41, February 27, 2006.
,Sudan Tribune, “Peace and Justice in Darfur: Victims' Rights Hijacked,” April 4, 2006, <http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=14871>.
Volqvartz, Josefine, “ICC under Fire over Uganda Probe,” CNN February 23, 2005, <http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/africa/02/23/uganda.volqvartz>.
Waddington, Richard, “Arbour Urges ICC to Act on Darfur Crimes,” Reuters May 11, 2006, <http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=707822006>.
Waugaman, Adele, “London's Confident Realism,” International Justice Tribune, No. 57 November 20, 2006.
,World Leader Magazine, “Biography, Arthur N. R. Robinson,” 1994, page available at <http://www.zoominfo.com/directory/Robinson_Arthur_1994384.htm>.
Woudenberg, Anneke, Senior Researcher in the DRC for HRW, “Arrest all Ituri Warlords,” Le Potentiel, March 11, 2005, <http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/03/11/congo10311_txt.htm>.
Think-Tank/NGO Reports and Web Sites
Allen, Tim, “War and Justice in Northern Uganda: An Assessment of the International Criminal Court's Intervention, an Independent Report,” Draft, Crisis States Research Centre, Development Studies Institute, London School of Economics (February 2005), <http://www.crisisstates.com/download/others/AllenICCReport.pdf>.
,American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court Web site, <http://www.amicc.org/usinfo/advocacy_materials.html>.
,Amnesty International, “Central African Republic: Five Months of War against Women,” AI Index AFR 19/001/2004 (10 November 2004), <http://web.amnesty. org/library/Index/ENGAFR190012004>.
,Amnesty International, “International Criminal Court: Implementing the Assembly's Plan of Action for Achieving Universality and Full Implementation of the Rome Statute,” IOR 40/009/2007 (May 30, 2007), <http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGIOR400092007>.
,Amnesty International, “Memorandum to the International Law Commission: Establishing a Just, Fair and Effective Permanent International Criminal Tribunal,” IOR 40/07/94 (June 12, 1994), <http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engIOR400071994?open&of=eng-385>.
,Amnesty International, “Open letter to the Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court: Comments on the Concept of the Interests of Justice,” June 17, 2005, IOR 40/023/2005 (June 17, 2005), <http://web.amnesty.org/library/ Index/ENGIOR400232005?open&of=ENG-385>.
,Amnesty International, “The Failure of States to Enact Effective Implementing Legislation,” IOR 40/019/2004 (2004), <http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGIOR400192004?open&of=ENG-385>.
,Amnesty International, “Uganda: First Steps to Investigate Crimes Must Be Part of Comprehensive Plan to End Impunity,” AFR 59/001/2004 (January 30, 2004), <http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/uganda/document.do?id=80256DD400 782B8480256E2B005E9689>.
,Civil Society Organizations for Peace in Northern Uganda, “Counting the Cost: Twenty Years of War in Northern Uganda” (March 30, 2006), available on the OXFAM Web site, <http://www.oxfam.org/en/files/report_ CSOPNU_ nuganda_060330/download>.
Ferencz, Benjamin B., “International Crimes Against the Peace” (undated), <http://www.benferencz.org/arts/4.html>.
,International Federation of Human Rights Leagues, Khartoum Centre for Human Rights and Environmental Development, Sudan Organization Against Torture, “International Criminal Court Programme Sudan: The International Criminal Court and Sudan: Access to Justice and Victims' Rights Roundtable, Khartoum, 2–3 October 2005,” available at Relief Web Web site, <http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2006/fidh-sdn-31mar.pdf>.
,International Federation of Human Rights Leagues, News Release, “War Crimes in the Central African Republic: FIDH Formally Brings Its First Case before the International Criminal Court” (February 13, 2003), <http://www.fidh.org/communiq/2003/cf1302a.htm>.
,Human Rights First, “Nominations for ICC Prosecutor Postponed,” press release (December 16, 2002), <http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/media/2002_alerts/1216. htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, Annual Report, “Summary of Situation in Darfur” (January 2004), <http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/01/21/sudan6982.htm#3>.
,Human Rights Watch, “Benchmarks for Assessing Possible National Alternatives to International Criminal Court Cases Against LRA Leaders” (May 2007), <http://hrw.org/backgrounder/ij/icc0507>.
,Human Rights Watch, “Bilateral Immunity Agreements” (June 20, 2003), <http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/icc/docs/bilateralagreements.pdf>.
,Human Rights Watch, “Central African Republic: ICC Opens Investigation” (May 22, 2007), <http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2007/05/22/carepu15980.htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, “D.R. Congo: Army Should Not Appoint War Criminals: Congolese Government Must Investigate and Prosecute Warlords, Not Reward Them” (January 2005), <http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/14/congo10014. htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, “D.R. Congo: ICC Charges Raise Concern: Joint Letter to the Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court” (July 31, 2006), <http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/08/01/congo13891_txt.htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, “ICC: Investigate All Sides in Uganda – Chance for Impartial ICC Investigation into Serious Crimes a Welcome Step” (February 4, 2004), <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/02.04.2003-HRW-Uganda.pdf>.
,Human Rights Watch, “ICC/DRC: Second War Crimes Suspect to Face Justice in The Hague: Investigation Should Expand to Include Senior Officials in the Region” (October 2007), <http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/10/18/global17125. htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, “Lack of Conviction: The Special Criminal Court on the Events in Darfur” (June 2006), <http://hrw.org/backgrounder/ij/sudan0606/sudan0606.pdf>.
,Human Rights Watch, “Memorandum on the Strategic Plan of the International Criminal Court” (July 2006), <http://hrw.org/backgrounder/ij/memo0706/1.htm#_Toc139953060>.
,Human Rights Watch, “The Meaning of ‘The Interests of Justice’ in Aricle 53 of the Rome Statute” (June 2005), <http://hrw.org/campaigns/icc/docs/ij070505.pdf>.
,Human Rights Watch, “The United States and the International Criminal Court” (2006), <http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/icc/us.htm>.
,Human Rights Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, vol. I (1992), HRW Index No. 0839.
Huß, Sabine, “Human Security Update: Northern Uganda,” Liu Institute for Global Issues (March 2004), <http://www.up.ligi.ubc.ca/UpdateNU2004.pdf>.
,International Center for Transitional Justice, “New Study Finds Ugandans Favor Peace with Justice” (2005), <http://www.ictj.org/en/news/press/release/262.html>.
,International Center for Transitional Justice and Human Rights Center, University of California at Berkeley, “ForgottenVoices: A Population-Based Survey on Attitudes about Peace and Justice in Northern Uganda,” by Marieke Weirda (ICTJ) and Eric Stover (UCB/HRC), <http://www.ictj.org/images/content/1/2/127.pdf>.
,International Criminal Bar, Web site, <http://www.bpi-icb.org/>.
,International Criminal Law Network, “Final Narrative Report, The Regional Workshop on ‘The International Criminal Court and the Arab World’ Organised by the Regional Human Security Center at the Jordan Institute of Diplomacy and The International Criminal Law Network in cooperation with Columbia Law School” (February 14, 2005), <http://www.icln.net/documents/Narrative %20Report.pdf>.
,International Crisis Group, “Northern Uganda: Seizing the Opportunity for Peace,” Africa Report No. 124 (April 26, 2007), <http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/central_africa/124_northern_uganda_seizing_the_opportunity_ for_peace.pdf>.
,Inter-press Service, Terra Viva, No. 1 (June 15, 1998), available at <http://www. icc-cpi.int/legaltools/>, ICC preparatory works/4. United Nations Diplomatic Conference/1998, 19980615_NGO_INTERPRESSSERVICEetal(E).
,Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, “Effective Public Outreach for the International Criminal Court” (January 2004), <http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/international_justice/icc/outreach_brief_paper011404.pdf>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “Countries Opposed to Signing a U.S. Bilateral Immunity Agreement (BIA): U.S. Aid Lost in FY04 & U.S. Aid Threatened in FY05,” <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/Countries OpposedBIA_AidLoss_16Dec05.pdf>, accessed May 20, 2006.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, The Rome Treaty Conference Monitor, No. 1 (June 15, 1998), available on the ICC Legal Tools Web site, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/legaltools/>, ICC preparatory works/4, United Nations Diplomatic Conference/1998, 19980615_NGO_ INTERPRESSSERVICEetal(E).
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “Are the United States' BIAs on the Way Out? New U.S. Legislation Points to a Possible Change in Direction” (2006), <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/monitor33_eng_web.pdf>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Team on the Crime of Aggression, “Informal Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression, held at the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, Woodrow Wilson School, at Princeton University, New Jersey, United States, from 13 to 15 June 2005: Report, of the CICC Team on the Crime of Aggression” (2005), <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/CICC_ IntersessionalReport_CrimeOf Aggression_June2005.pdf>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “Building the Court,” <http://www.iccnow.org/buildingthecourt.html>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “Membership Request Form,” <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=membership>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “States Parties to the Rome Statute of the ICC, According to the U.N. General Assembly Regional Groups,” <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/RATIFICATIONSbyUNGroups.pdf>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “Steering Committee,” <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=steering>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “US and the ICC,” <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=usaicc&PHPSESSID=81959b1e6962f72a72f1c5 0a93125e4b>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “International Criminal Court Must Remain in Final U.N. Reform Document” (September 9, 2005), <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/ICCLang_UNdoc_09Sep05.pdf?PHPSESSID=4177a7ae548d43468a863eaf1c7883ef>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “The Office of the Prosecutor: Taking Stock Three Years On” (2006), <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/monitor33_eng_web.pdf>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, CICC Web site, “Updates on the United States through December 2005,” <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod= newsdetail&news=347>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “Implementation of the Rome Statute” (updated frequently), <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=rome implementation>.
,NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court, “Summary of Information on Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs) or so-Called ‘Article 98’ Agreements as of April, 2006” <http://www.iccnow.org/?mod=bia>.
,NGO CICC Team on the Crime of Aggression, “Informal inter-sessional meeting … from 13 to 15 June 2005,” <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/CICC_ IntersessionalReport_CrimeOfAggression_June2005.pdf>.
,Parliamentarians for Global Action, “Parliamentary Kit on the International Criminal Court (ICC),” New York and Rome (November 2006), <http://www.pga-japan.jp/icckit_e.pdf>.
,REDRESS and Forensic Risk Analysis, “The International Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims: Analysis and Options for the Development of Further Criteria for the Operation of the Trust Fund for Victims, Discussion Document” (December 2003), <http://www.redress.org/publications/TFVReport.pdf>.
,REDRESS, “International Criminal Court: Child Soldiers Prosecution Must Be Seen in Context” (September 26, 2006), <http://www.redress.org/news/englishsummary.pdf>.
,REDRESS, “Victims, Perpetrators, or Heroes: Child Soldiers before the International Criminal Court” (September 2006), <http://www.redress.org/publications/ childsoldiers.pdf>.
Stoelting, David, “NGOs and the ICC,” World Order Under Law Reporter (September 1999), <http://www.morganlewis.com/PDFs/21CC52F7-B792-40C0- 813FE3CCBC45F981_PUBLICATION.PDF>.
Wennerstrand, Sofia, “Presidency Promotes ‘One Court,’ ” Monitor, 29 (2005), 4 <http://www.iccnow.org/documents/Monitor29_200504English.pdf>.
Wierda, Marieke, and Greiff, Pablo, “Reparations and the International Criminal Court: A Prospective Role for the Trust Fund for Victims,” International Center for Transitional Justice, undated (2004), <http://www.vrwg.org/Publications/02/ICTJ%20Trust%20Fund%20Paper.pdf>.
Wilmshurst, Elizabeth, and Buignion, Francois, “The Law of Armed Conflict: Problems and Prospects,” Chatham House Conference of April 18–19, 2005, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London.
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,France, Great Britain, and Russia Joint Declaration (May 24, 1915), available at ANI Web site, <http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.160/current_ category.7/affirmation_detail.html>.
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,U.S. Army, “Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field” (Lieber Code), 24 April 1863, available at the ICRC Web site, <http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/110?OpenDocument>.
,U.S. Department of Defense, “Quadrennial Defense Review Report” (February 6, 2006), p. 91, <http://www.defenselink.mil/qdr/report/Report20060203.pdf>.
,U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, “Documenting Atrocities in Darfur,” State Publication 11182 (September 2004), <http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/36028.htm>.
,U.S. Department of State, “Powell Reports Sudan Responsible for Genocide in Darfur” (September 9, 2004), <http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=September&x=20040909115958JTgnilwoD0. 5094873&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html>.
,U.S. Department of State, press statement, Richard Boucher, spokesman,“Letter to U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan from Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security John R. Bolton, Washington, DC” (May 6, 2002), <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/9968.htm>.
,U.S. Department of State, Trip Briefing, Secretary Condoleezza Rice, En Route to San Juan, Puerto Rico (March 10, 2006), <http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/63001.htm>.
,U.S. House of Representatives, “Amendment to the FY 2005 Consolidated Appropriations Act” (H.R. 4818/P.L. 108–447) (the Nethercutt Amendment).
,U.S. House of Representatives, “American Servicemembers' Protection Act of 2000” H.R. 4654 106th Cong. (2000).
,U.S. House of Representatives, “American Servicemembers' Protection Act of 2001” H.R. 1794, Senate Bill 857, 107th Cong. (2001).
,U.S. House of Representatives, “Foreign Operations Appropriations Act” (HR 3057/P.L. 109=102).
,U.S. House of Representatives, “Protection of United States Troops From Foreign Prosecution Act of 1999” (Introduced in House), HR 2381 IH 106th Cong. (1999).
,U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on International Relations, Subcommitte on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Organizations, “Sudan: Losing Ground on Peace?” (November 1, 2005), <http://wwwc.house.gov/ international_relations/109/24374.pdf>.
,U.S. Public Law No. 107–206, Title II, 116 Stat. 820, “2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States,” sections 2001–2005, (22 USC sections 7421–732), American Servicemen's Protection Act of 2002, <http://www.mbe.doe.gov/budget/billrept/fy02/02Supp_PL_107-206.pdf>.
International Organization Documents and Publications
,Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, “Helsinki Final Act” (August 1, 1975), available from University of Minnesota Human Rights Library, <http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/osce/basics/finact75.htm>.
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,International Criminal Court, “Communications Received,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/organs/otp/otp_com.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Communications Received,” Annex, Venezuela Response, <http://www.icc-cpi. int/library/organs/otp/OTP_letter_to_senders_re_Venezuela_9_February_2006.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Communications Received”, Annex, Iraq Response, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/OTP_letter_to_senders_re_Iraq_9_February_2006.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Communique from the Chair of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court” (November 9, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/press/pressreleases/200.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Facts and Procedure Regarding the Situation in Uganda” (October 14, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC_20051410-056-1_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Joint Statement by ICC Chief Prosecutor and the Visiting Delegation of Lango, Acholi, Iteso and Madi Community Leaders from Northern Uganda,” The Hague (April 16, 2005), ICC-OTP-20050416-99-En, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/pressrelease_details&id=102&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “List of Names of Suspects in Darfur opened by the ICC OTP,” The Hague (April 11, 2005), ICC-OTP-20050411-98-En, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/pressrelease_ details&id=101&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, “Opening Remarks” to the Fifth Session of the Assembly of States Parties (November 23, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/LMO_20061123_en.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Report of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Mr. Luis Moreno Ocampo, to the Security Council Pursuant to UNSCR 1593 (2005)” (June 29, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC_Darfur_UNSC_Report_ 29-06-05_EN.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Second Report of the Prosecutor, Mr. Luis Moreno Ocampo, to the Security Council Pursuant to UNSC 1593 (2005) (December 13, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi. int/library/organs/otp/LMO_UNSC_ReportB_En.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Fourth Report of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to the U.N. Security Council Pursuant to UNSCR 1593(2005),” ICC-02-05-40-Anx A 19–12-06, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/OTP_ReportUNSC4-Darfur_ English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “The Management of Preliminary Examination, Article 53(1) Evaluation, and Start of Investigation,” Draft Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor (annotated), Part 2, Section 1, Regulation 3.1 (September 2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/draft_regulations.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “The International Criminal Court to Send its First Official Visit to the Democratic Republic of Congo,” The Hague (July 26, 2004), <http://www.icc-cpi. int/pressrelease_details&id=32&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Prosecutor Opens Investigation into the Central African Republic,” news release (May 22, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/press/pressreleases/248.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “The Prosecutor of the ICC Opens Investigation in Darfur,” The Hague (June 6, 2005), ICC-OTP-0606-104-En, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/pressrelease_ details&id=107&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Opens an Investigation into Northern Uganda” (July 29, 2004), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/pressrelease_ details&id=33&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Prosecutor Receives Referral of the Situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo” (April 19, 2004), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/pressrelease_details &id=19&l=en.html>.
,International Criminal Court, “Standard Application Form to Participate in Proceedings before the International Criminal Court for Individual Victims and Persons Acting on their Behalf,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/victims/Form-Participation-1_en.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Standard Application Form to Participate in Proceedings before the International Criminal Court for Victims Which Are Organizations or Institutions,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/victims/Form-Participation-2_en.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Statement by the Chief Prosecutor on the Uganda Arrest Warrants” (October 14, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/speeches/LMO_ 20051014_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Statement by Luis Moreno Ocampo to the Press Conference in relation with the surrender to the Court of Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo,” The Hague, (March 18, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/speeches/LMO_ 20060318_En.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, “Statement Made by Mr. Luis Moreno Ocampo at the Ceremony for the Solemn Undertaking of the Chief Prosecutor of the ICC” (June 16, 2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/030616_moreno_ocampo_english_ final.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, First Session Official Records (New York, September 3–10, 2002), ICC-ASP/1/3 United Nations Publication Sales No. E.03.V.2.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fourth Session, “Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims,” ICC-ASP/4/32 (2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/ICC-ASP-4-32-Res.3_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fourth Session, “Report of the Committee on Budget and Finance on the Work of its Fifth Session,” ICC-ASP/4/27 (2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-4-27_English.pdf>
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fifth Session, “Report of the Committee on Budget and Finance on the Work of its Seventh Session,” ICC-ASP/5/23 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-5-23_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fifth Session, “Court Capacity Model,” ICC-ASP/5/10, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-5-10_English__Reissued. pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fifth Session, “Strategic Plan for Outreach of the International Criminal Court,” ICC-ASP/5/12 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-5-12_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Fifth Session,”Strategic Plan of the International Criminal Court,” ICC-ASP/5/6 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-5-6_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Sixth Session, “Report of the Committee on Budget and Finance on the Work of its Eighth Session,” ICC-ASP/6/2 (2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/asp/ICC-ASP-6-2_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Third Session, “Report of the Committee on Budget and Finance,” ICC-ASP/3/18 (August 13, 2004), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/ library/asp/ICC-ASP-3-18-_CBF_report_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Assembly of States Parties, Third Session, “Report of the Committee on Budget and Finance,” ICC-ASP/3/CBF.1/L4 (2004), as cited in Human Rights Watch, “Memorandum to States Members of the Assembly of States Parties” (September 2, 2004), <http://iccnow.org/documents/HRW%20 Memorandum%20to%20ASP%20members%20090204.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Communications received by the Prosecutor since July 2002” (July 7, 2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/organs/otp/otp_com.html>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Paper on Some Policy Issues before the Office of the Prosecutor” (September 2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/030905_ Policy_Paper.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Prosecution's Application to Leave to Appeal Pre-Trial Chamber I's Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS 5 and VPRS 6” (January 23, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-103_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Annex to the ‘Paper on Some Policy Issues before the Office of the Prosecutor’: Referrals and Comunications” (April 21, 2004), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/policy_annex_final_ 210404.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Draft Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor” (2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/draft_regulations.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Informal Expert Paper: The Principle of Complementarity in Practice” (2003), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/complementarity.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Letter from Luis Moreno Ocampo to Judge Claude Jorda, Presiding Judge, Pre-Trial Chamber I, 2005 (June 1, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-2_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Luis Moreno Ocampo, “Statement by the Chief Prosecutor on the Uganda Arrest Warrants” (October 14, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/speeches/LMO_20051014_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Report on Prosecutorial Strategy” (September 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/OTP_Prosecutorial-Strategy- 20060914_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Summary of Recommendations Received during the First Public Hearing of the Office of the Prosecutor, Convened from 17–18 June 2003 at the Hague,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/ph/ph1_conclusions.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, “Update on Communications Received by the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC” (February 10, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/OTP_Update_on_Communications_10_February_2006.pdf>.
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,International Criminal Court, Presidency, Letter from Chief Prosecutor Moreno Ocampo to President Kirsch, ICC-02/04-1 06–07-2004, (June 17, 2004), appendix to July 5, 2004 “Decision Assigning the Situation in Uganda to Pre-Trial Chamber II,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/basicdocuments/Decision_on_Assignment_ Uganda-OTP_Annex.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, The Presidency, “Decision Constituting Trial Chamber I and Referring to It the Case of The Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo” (March 6, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-842_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision Concerning Pre-Trial Chamber I's Decision of 10 February 2006 and the Incorporation of Documents into the Record of the Case against Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo,” ICC-01/04-01/06-8-Corr (March 17, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-8-US-Corr_ English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision Concerning Pre-Trial Chamber I's Decision of 10 February 2006 and the Incorporation of Documents into the Record of the Case against Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Annex I: Decision on the Prosecutor's Application for a Warrant of Arrest, Article 58” (February 24, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-8-US-Corr_ English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Prosecution Application under Article 58(7) of the Statute” (April 27, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-01-07-1-Corr_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Prosecutor's Position on Pre-Trial Chamber I's 17 February 2005 Decision to Convene a Status Conference” (2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/chambers/ICC-01-04-11_English. pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision Inviting Observations in Application of Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence,” ICC document ICC-02/05 (July 24, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-10_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision to Convene a Status Conference” (2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/chambers/ICC_01-04-9_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Confirmation of Charges” (January 29, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-803-tEN_English. pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Prosecution and Defence Applications for Leave to Appeal the Decision on the Confirmation of Charges” (May 24, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-915_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Prosecutor's Application for Leave to Appeal,” <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/chambers/ICC_01-04_2005 March14_e.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Observations of the Legal Representative of VPRS 1 to VPRS 6 Following the Prosecution's Application for Leave to Appeal Pre-Trial Chamber I's Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1 to VPRS 6” (January 27, 2006), ICC-01-04-103, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-103_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Observations on Issues Concerning the Protection of Victims and the Preservation of Evidence in the Proceedings on Darfur Pending Before the ICC,” by Antonio Cassese (August 25, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-14_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Observations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Invited in Application of Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence” (October 10, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-19_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Prosecutor's Application under Article 58 (7) (February 27, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-56_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Prosecutor's Reply to ‘Observations of the Legal Representative of VPRS 1 to VPRS 6 Following the Prosecution's Application for Leave to Appeal Pre-Trial Chamber I's Decision on the Applications for Participation in Proceedings of VPRS 1 to VPRS 6,’ ” ICC-01/04-111 (February 6, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-111_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Public Redacted Version, Decision on the Applications for Participation in the Proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS2, VPRS3, VPRS4, VPRS5, and VPRS6,” ICC-01/04 (January 17, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-101_tEnglish-Corr.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Prosecutor's Application to Separate the Senior Legal Adviser to the Pre-Trial Division from Rendering Legal Advice Regarding the Case,” ICC-01/04-01/06-373 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-06-373_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Decision on the Prosecutor's Application to Separate the Senior Legal Advisor to the Pre-Trial Division from Rendering Legal Advice Regarding the Case,” ICC-01/04-01/06-623 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/ library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-623_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Prosecutor's Position on Pre-Trial Chamber I's 17 February 2005 Decision to Convene a Status Conference,” <http://www.icc-cpi. int/library/organs/otp/ICC0104Anx_2005March08-e.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Prosecutor's Response to Cassese's Observations on Issues Concerning the Protection of Victims and the Preservation of Evidence in the Proceedings on Darfur Pending before the ICC,” ICC-02/05 (September 11, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-16_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Prosecutor's Response to Arbour's Observations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Invited in Application of Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence,” ICC-02/05 (October 19, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-05-21_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Redacted Version of the Transcripts of the Hearing Held on 2 February 2006 and Certain Materials Presented during That Hearing” (March 22, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-48_ English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Urgent Warrant of Arrest for Germain Katanga,” ICC-01/04-01/07-1-US-tENG (September 27, 2007), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-07-1_tEnglish.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber I, “Warrant of Arrest” (February 10, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-04-01-06-2_tEnglish.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pretrial Chamber II, “Decision on Prosecutor's Application for Leave to Appeal in Part Pre-Trial Chamber II's Decision on the Prosecutor's Applications for Warrants of Arrest Under Article 58,” ICC-02/04-01/05 (August 19, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-04-01-05-20-US-Exp_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber II, “Decision on the Prosecution's Application for Warrants of Arrest Under Article 58,” ICC-02/04 (July 8, 2005), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-04-01-05-1-US-Exp_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber II, “Decision on the Prosecutor's Request to Separate the Senior Legal Adviser to the Pre-Trial Division from Rendering Legal Advice Regarding the Case,” ICC-02/04-01/05-124 (2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-04-01-05-124_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber II, “Decision on the Prosecutor's Request to Separate the Senior Legal Adviser to the Pre-Trial Division from Rendering Legal Advice Regarding the Case,” ICC-02/04-01/05-124 (2006), annexe, “Internal Memorandum from the President to the President of the Pre-Trial Division” (2006), ICC-02/04-01/05-127 Anx1, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-04-01-05-124-Anx1_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber II, “Prosecutor's Application to Separate the Senior Legal Advisor to the Pre-Trial Division form Rendering Legal Advice Regarding the Case,” ICC-01/04-01/06 (August 31, 2006), <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-02-04-01-05-108_English.pdf>.
,International Criminal Court, Pre-Trial Chamber III, “Prosecution's Report Pursuant to Pre-Trial Chamber III's November 30, 2006, Decision Requesting Information on the Status of the Preliminary Examination of the Situation in the Central African Republic,” ICC-01/05-7 15–12-2006, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/cases/ICC-01-05-7_English.pdf>.
,International Court of Justice, “Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda)” (2005), <http://www.u-paris2. fr/cij/icjwww/ipresscom/ipress2005/ipresscom2005-26_co_20051219.htm>.
,International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, general information Web site: <http://69.94.11.53/default.htm>.
,International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Prosecutor v. Jean Paul Akayesu, Amended Indictment, ICTR Trial Chamber (June 1997), Case No. ICTR-96-4-1, Indictment Counts 1, 2, 13–15 (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Trial Chamber), available at <http://www.un.org/ictr/actamond.htm>.
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