Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas; Contributors; Part I: Introductory and Global Aspects; Chapter 1: Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 History of Hotspots; References; Chapter 2: A Tough Choice: Approaches Towards the Setting of Global Conservation Priorities; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Initiatives for the Setting of Global Conservation Priorities; 2.2.1 NGO Approaches; 2.2.2 International Conventions; 2.3 Ecological Criteria for the Selection of Global Conservation Priority Areas 2.3.1 Vulnerability2.3.2 Irreplaceability; 2.3.3 Representativeness; 2.4 Socio-economic and Political Factors; 2.5 Distribution and Conservation Status of Global Conservation Priorities; 2.6 Outlook: Climate Change, Carbon and Conservation Priority Setting; 2.7 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Quantifying Biodiversity: Does It Matter What We Measure?; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Conservation Prioritisation and Species Richness; 3.3 Alternative Biodiversity Metrics; 3.3.1 Extinction Risk; 3.3.2 The Evolutionary Future; 3.3.3 Evolutionary History; 3.3.4 Composite Metrics 3.3.5 A Diversity of Metrics3.3.6 Integrating Space and Time; 3.3.7 Non-Biological Metrics and Biodiversity Coldspots; 3.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges; References; Chapter 4: Human Population and the Hotspots Revisited: A 2010 Assessment; References; Chapter 5: Vascular Plant Diversity in a Changing World: Global Centresand Biome-Specific Patterns; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Maxima, Centres, and Hotspots of Plant Diversity; References; Chapter 6: Genetic Basis of Human Biodiversity: An Update; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Patterns of Human Genetic Diversity 6.4 How Do We Summarise Human Diversity, and How Did It Evolve?6.4.1 Clinal Variation Is the Rule; References; Part II: Biodiversity in the Palaearctic; Chapter 7: Mediterranean Peninsulas: The Evolution of Hotspots; References; Chapter 8: Global Change Effects on Alpine Plant Diversity; 8.1.5 Drivers of Change; 8.5 Outlook; References; Chapter 9: European Hotspots as Evidenced by the Palearctic Distribution of Songbirds; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Hypothesis Testing; References Chapter 10: Patterns and Hotspots of Carabid Beetle Diversity in the Palaearctic: Insights from a Hyperdiverse Invertebrate Taxon10.1 Introduction: Macroecology, Hotspots and Invertebrate Diversity; 10.2 Carabid Beetles: Use and Limitations in Macroecological Studies; 10.3 Insights into Invertebrate Diversity Patterns: Carabid Beetle Diversity and Its Potential Determinants in the Palaearctic; 10.4 Biogeography and Diversity Hotspots: Congruence Between Invertebrates, Vertebrates and Plants?; 10.5 Many Questions Remain: Challenges in Invertebrate Macroecology; References Chapter 11: The Carpathians as a Major Diversity Hotspot in Europe | 
