Inhalt: | PART 1: PRELIMINARIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CORE PROBLEMS -- 3. PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS -- 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS -- PART 2: THE ACTIVITY SYSTEMS -- 5. WALKING -- 6. LOOKING -- 7. REACHING -- 8. DRAWING AND WRITING -- 9. KEYBOARDING -- 10. SPEAKING AND SINGING -- 11. SMILING -- PART 3: PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS -- 12. MOVING ON Introduction. Understanding human motor control ; Levels of analysis ; Fields contributing to research on human motor control ; Organization of the book -- Core problems. The degrees of freedom problem ; The sequencing and timing problem ; The perceptual-motor integration problem ; The learning problem -- Physical foundations. Muscle ; Proprioception ; Spinal cord ; Cerebellum ; Basal ganglia ; Motor cortex ; Premotor cortex ; Supplementary motor area ; Parietal cortex ; Disconnections ; Concluding remarks -- Psychological foundations. Theories of sequencing and timing ; Skill acquisition ; Codes and stores ; States of mind -- Walking. Descriptions of walking ; Neural control of locomotion ; walking machines ; The development of walking ; Models of motor development ; Navigating ; Memory -- Looking. Blinking ; Accommodation ; Pupil constriction and dilation ; General features of eye movements ; Saccades ; Smooth pursuit movements ; Vergence movements ; Eye movements and space constancy ; Development and plasticity of oculo-motor control -- Reaching and grasping. The development of reaching and grasping ; Visual guidance ; Aiming ; Equilibrium point hypothesis ; Discrete versus continuous movements ; Intersegmental coordination -- Drawing and writing. Drawing ; Control of writing ; The dynamic dominance hypothesis -- Keyboarding. Reaction time. Simultaneous and sequential finger presses ; Typing ; Piano playing -- Speaking and signing. The issues ; Overview of the chapter ; The vocal tract and articulatory dynamics ; Variability ; High-level control of speech ; Brain mechanisms underlying speech ; Bird song ; Motor resonance -- Smiling. Physical control of the face ; Neural control of the face ; Origins of emotional expression ; Social interaction -- Moving on. Integration ; Individual differences ; Theories of human motor control ; Innovations ; Concluding remarks Motor Control is a complex process that involves the brain, muscles, limbs, and often external objects. It underlies motion, balance, stability, coordination, and our interaction with others and technology. This book is a comprehensive introduction to motor control, covering a complex topic in an approachable way encompassing the psychological, physiological, and computational approaches to motor control. Human Motor Control, 2e cuts across all movement related disciplines: physical education, dance, physical therapy, robotics, etc. This second edition incorporates advances to the field, and integrates throughout the book how research harkens back to four critical questions: how do we select our actions of the many actions possible? How are these behaviors sequenced for appropriate order and timing between them? How does perception integrate with motor control? And how are perceptual-motor skills acquired? As before, the book retains its signature organization around activity systems. These activity systems include walking, looking, reaching, drawing and writing, keyboarding, speaking and singing, and smiling. Chapters here exemplify rather than encompass all the behaviors related to them. Hence smiling discusses physical and neural control of the face used in other expressions besides smiling, as well as the origins of emotional expression, and the importance of emotion expression in social interaction. These chapters on activity systems are preceded by chapters on basics, with an introduction and information on the physiological and psychological foundations of movement. The last section discusses integration of movements, individual differences, theories of motor control, and the contributions of both genetics and technology to motor control. Special features of the second edition: Organization by major activity systems New: brain imaging, social action, embodied cognition, advances in genetics and technology Detailed treatment of motor neuroscience Further Readings section added to each chapter * Complete updating of material * New chapter on Core Concepts * Emphasis on exciting advances in the field and promising new directions * New topics covered include brain imaging, social action, and embodied cognition * Emphasis on friendly coverage * Further Readings listed for each chapter |
