Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (258 pages).

ISBN: 0-08-100563-6

Serie: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids -- Related titles -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic AcidsWoodhead Publishing Series in BiomedicineEdited bySur ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Nanomedicine for delivery of therapeutic molecules -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Properties of nanoparticles -- 1.3 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 1.4 Nanoparticle-based strategies for overcoming in vitro and in vivo barriers -- 1.4.1 In vitro barriers -- 1.4.2 In vivo barriers -- 1.5 Book compilation -- References -- 2 - Nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Plasmid DNA -- 2.1.2 Antisense oligonucleotide -- 2.1.3 RNA interference -- Small interfering RNA -- Small hairpin RNA -- MicroRNA -- 2.2 Challenges and barriers to the nucleic acid delivery -- 2.2.1 Intracellular bioavailability -- 2.2.2 Induction of immune response -- 2.2.3 Low nuclear uptake -- 2.2.4 Extracellular and intracellular barriers in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3 Vectors in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3.1 Viral vectors -- 2.3.2 Nonviral vectors -- 2.4 Nanoparticles as nonviral nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.4.1 Lipid-based nanoparticles -- Cationic lipids -- Neutral/helper lipids -- Anionic lipids -- PEGylated lipids -- 2.4.2 Gold nanoparticles -- Via covalent conjugation -- Via noncovalent conjugation -- 2.4.3 Chitosan nanoparticles -- Role of chitosan in plasmid DNA transfer -- Chitosan in therapeutic small RNA transfer -- 2.4.4 Silica nanoparticles -- Silica nanoparticles and antisense oligonucleotides -- Silica nanoparticles and small interfering RNAs -- Silica nanoparticles in enhancing transfection efficiency -- 2.4.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles. , Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex (lipoplex) -- Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex -- 2.4.6 Composite nanoparticles -- Lipid-derived composite nanoparticles -- Polyplex-based core -- Mesoporous silica-based core -- Gold and magnetic nanoparticle-based core -- 2.5 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 3 - Methods for characterization of nanoparticles -- 3.1 Introduction and challenges in nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2 Techniques and approaches to nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2.1 Morphology and topography analysis -- 3.2.1.1 Dynamic light scattering -- 3.2.1.2 Electron microscopy -- 3.2.1.3 Other methods -- 3.2.2 Surface charge analysis (zeta potential measurement) -- 3.3 Stability evaluation of nanoparticles -- 3.3.1 Stability issues related to nanoparticle dispersion and suspensions -- 3.3.1.1 Agglomeration -- 3.3.1.2 Sedimentation or creaming -- 3.3.1.3 Change of crystalline state -- 3.3.2 Stability issues with the solidification process -- 3.3.2.1 Chemical stability -- 3.3.3 Stability issues related to biomolecule loading -- 3.4 Sterility assessment of nanoparticles -- 3.4.1 Endotoxins -- 3.4.2 Bacteria/yeast/mold -- References -- 4 - Nanoparticles for DNA delivery -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.3 High molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.4 Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- 4.5 High molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 - Nanoparticles for siRNA-mediated gene silencing -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chitosan -- 5.2.1 Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan -- 5.2.2 Degree of deacetylation of the polymer -- 5.2.3 N/P ratio of the polyplex -- 5.2.4 Salt form of chitosan -- 5.2.5 pH of the system -- 5.2.6 Presence of serum -- 5.3 Polyethylenimine -- 5.4 Poly-l-lysine. , 5.5 Dendrimers -- 5.5.1 Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers -- 5.5.2 Poly(propylenimine) dendrimers -- 5.5.3 Carbosilane dendrimers -- 5.6 Cyclodextrins -- 5.7 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid -- 5.7.1 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid as small interfering ribonucleic acid carrier -- References -- 6 - Nanoparticles for locked nucleic acid delivery -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Locked nucleic acids: structure -- 6.3 Locked nucleic acids: hybridization and conformation properties -- 6.4 Serum stability and nuclease resistance -- 6.5 Delivery and toxicity -- 6.6 Therapeutic applications of locked nucleic acids -- 6.6.1 Locked nucleic acids as microRNA inhibitors -- 6.6.2 Locked nucleic acids in short interfering RNA stability -- 6.6.3 Locked nucleic acid antisense -- 6.6.4 Locked nucleic acid-modified DNAzymes -- 6.6.5 Locked nucleic acid in diagnostics -- 6.7 Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of locked nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides -- 6.7.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 6.7.2 Lipid and polymer-based delivery vectors -- 6.7.2.1 Delivery of locked nucleic acid -aptamers -- 6.7.2.2 Delivery of locked nucleic acid-short interfering RNA -- 6.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 7 - Nanoparticles for ribozymes delivery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of ribozymes -- 7.2.1 Group I introns -- 7.2.2 Group II introns -- 7.2.3 Ribonuclease P -- 7.2.4 Hammerhead ribozyme -- 7.2.5 Hairpin ribozyme -- 7.2.6 Hepatitis delta virus -- 7.2.7 Varkud satellite ribozymes -- 7.3 Ribozymes and their limitations -- 7.4 Selection of the target gene -- 7.5 Stability of ribozymes -- 7.6 Delivery of ribozymes -- 7.7 Applications of RNA nanoparticles emphasizing ribozymes -- 7.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 8 - Nanoparticles for DNAzymes delivery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 DNAzymes -- 8.3 The 10-23 DNAzymes -- 8.4 The 8-17 DNAzymes. , 8.5 Mechanism of DNAzymes -- 8.6 Advantages of DNAzymes -- 8.7 Stability of DNAzymes -- 8.8 Application of DNAzymes -- 8.9 DNAzyme delivery via metallic and polymeric nanoparticles -- 8.10 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 9 - Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nanoparticles -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Nanotechnology -- 9.1.2 Nanoparticles in modern drug delivery -- 9.1.3 FDA approved nanoparticles -- 9.1.4 Basic pharmacokinetic considerations -- Commonly employed pharmacokinetic approaches -- Compartmental approach -- Noncompartmental approach -- Pharmacokinetic formulae at a glance -- 9.2 Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles -- 9.2.1 Absorption of nanoparticles -- Oral adsorption -- Percutaneous absorption -- Pulmonary absorption -- Nasal absorption -- Injections -- 9.2.2 Biodistribution of nanoparticles -- Composition -- Size and morphology -- Surface charge -- Coating effect -- 9.2.3 Metabolism of nanoparticles -- 9.2.4 Elimination of nanoparticles -- 9.2.5 Factors affecting pharmacokinetics -- Size -- Shape -- Surface charge -- Coating and surface engineering effects -- 9.3 Generalized pharmacokinetic profile of various nanoparticles -- 9.3.1 Metallic nanoparticles -- 9.3.2 Cationic and anionic nanoparticles -- 9.3.3 Functionalized/tailored nanoparticles -- 9.3.4 Targeted/tagged nanoparticles -- 9.4 Challenges and future prospects -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 - Nanotoxicology: evaluation of toxicity potential of nanoparticles -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Size of nanoparticles -- 10.3 Dose-dependent toxicity -- 10.4 Nondosage-dependent actions/route -- 10.5 Surface area-dependent toxicity -- 10.6 Concentration-dependent toxicity -- 10.7 Particle chemistry and crystalline structure-dependent toxicity -- 10.8 Aspect ratio-dependent toxicity -- 10.9 Surface coating and functions attributed. , 10.10 Risk management of nanotechnology-specific aspects -- 10.11 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 11 - Regulatory aspects of nanoparticulate mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Issues related with nanoparticle mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.2.1 Environment, health, and safety impacts -- 11.2.2 Ethical, legal, and social issues -- 11.3 Current approaches for regulating pharmaceutical nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 The United States -- 11.3.1.1 The US Environmental Protection Agency -- 11.3.1.2 The US Food and Drug Administration -- 11.3.1.3 Regulatory developments by state and municipal organization -- 11.3.2 The United Kingdom -- 11.3.3 The European Union -- 11.3.3.1 Advancement in regulation in the European Union -- 11.3.4 Australia -- 11.3.5 Canada -- 11.3.5.1 The organization for economic cooperation and development -- 11.3.6 Other industrialized and emerging countries -- References -- 12 - Clinical studies and future prospects -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Regulatory pathways in the process of clinical trials -- 12.3 Barriers in the progress of clinical trials -- 12.3.1 Decreased cellular bioavailability and nuclear uptake -- 12.3.2 Serum stability -- 12.3.3 Biodistribution of nucleic acids and its immunogenicity -- 12.4 Ethical concerns in clinical trials -- 12.5 Nanotherapeutics in clinical trials -- 12.5.1 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 12.5.2 Lipid nanoparticles in nucleic acid delivery -- 12.5.3 Stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticle (SNALP) -- 12.5.4 Lipid nanoparticles -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Z -- Back Cover.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-08-100557-1

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (258 pages).

ISBN: 0-08-100563-6

Serie: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids -- Related titles -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic AcidsWoodhead Publishing Series in BiomedicineEdited bySur ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Nanomedicine for delivery of therapeutic molecules -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Properties of nanoparticles -- 1.3 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 1.4 Nanoparticle-based strategies for overcoming in vitro and in vivo barriers -- 1.4.1 In vitro barriers -- 1.4.2 In vivo barriers -- 1.5 Book compilation -- References -- 2 - Nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Plasmid DNA -- 2.1.2 Antisense oligonucleotide -- 2.1.3 RNA interference -- Small interfering RNA -- Small hairpin RNA -- MicroRNA -- 2.2 Challenges and barriers to the nucleic acid delivery -- 2.2.1 Intracellular bioavailability -- 2.2.2 Induction of immune response -- 2.2.3 Low nuclear uptake -- 2.2.4 Extracellular and intracellular barriers in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3 Vectors in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3.1 Viral vectors -- 2.3.2 Nonviral vectors -- 2.4 Nanoparticles as nonviral nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.4.1 Lipid-based nanoparticles -- Cationic lipids -- Neutral/helper lipids -- Anionic lipids -- PEGylated lipids -- 2.4.2 Gold nanoparticles -- Via covalent conjugation -- Via noncovalent conjugation -- 2.4.3 Chitosan nanoparticles -- Role of chitosan in plasmid DNA transfer -- Chitosan in therapeutic small RNA transfer -- 2.4.4 Silica nanoparticles -- Silica nanoparticles and antisense oligonucleotides -- Silica nanoparticles and small interfering RNAs -- Silica nanoparticles in enhancing transfection efficiency -- 2.4.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles. , Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex (lipoplex) -- Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex -- 2.4.6 Composite nanoparticles -- Lipid-derived composite nanoparticles -- Polyplex-based core -- Mesoporous silica-based core -- Gold and magnetic nanoparticle-based core -- 2.5 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 3 - Methods for characterization of nanoparticles -- 3.1 Introduction and challenges in nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2 Techniques and approaches to nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2.1 Morphology and topography analysis -- 3.2.1.1 Dynamic light scattering -- 3.2.1.2 Electron microscopy -- 3.2.1.3 Other methods -- 3.2.2 Surface charge analysis (zeta potential measurement) -- 3.3 Stability evaluation of nanoparticles -- 3.3.1 Stability issues related to nanoparticle dispersion and suspensions -- 3.3.1.1 Agglomeration -- 3.3.1.2 Sedimentation or creaming -- 3.3.1.3 Change of crystalline state -- 3.3.2 Stability issues with the solidification process -- 3.3.2.1 Chemical stability -- 3.3.3 Stability issues related to biomolecule loading -- 3.4 Sterility assessment of nanoparticles -- 3.4.1 Endotoxins -- 3.4.2 Bacteria/yeast/mold -- References -- 4 - Nanoparticles for DNA delivery -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.3 High molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.4 Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- 4.5 High molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 - Nanoparticles for siRNA-mediated gene silencing -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chitosan -- 5.2.1 Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan -- 5.2.2 Degree of deacetylation of the polymer -- 5.2.3 N/P ratio of the polyplex -- 5.2.4 Salt form of chitosan -- 5.2.5 pH of the system -- 5.2.6 Presence of serum -- 5.3 Polyethylenimine -- 5.4 Poly-l-lysine. , 5.5 Dendrimers -- 5.5.1 Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers -- 5.5.2 Poly(propylenimine) dendrimers -- 5.5.3 Carbosilane dendrimers -- 5.6 Cyclodextrins -- 5.7 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid -- 5.7.1 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid as small interfering ribonucleic acid carrier -- References -- 6 - Nanoparticles for locked nucleic acid delivery -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Locked nucleic acids: structure -- 6.3 Locked nucleic acids: hybridization and conformation properties -- 6.4 Serum stability and nuclease resistance -- 6.5 Delivery and toxicity -- 6.6 Therapeutic applications of locked nucleic acids -- 6.6.1 Locked nucleic acids as microRNA inhibitors -- 6.6.2 Locked nucleic acids in short interfering RNA stability -- 6.6.3 Locked nucleic acid antisense -- 6.6.4 Locked nucleic acid-modified DNAzymes -- 6.6.5 Locked nucleic acid in diagnostics -- 6.7 Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of locked nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides -- 6.7.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 6.7.2 Lipid and polymer-based delivery vectors -- 6.7.2.1 Delivery of locked nucleic acid -aptamers -- 6.7.2.2 Delivery of locked nucleic acid-short interfering RNA -- 6.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 7 - Nanoparticles for ribozymes delivery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of ribozymes -- 7.2.1 Group I introns -- 7.2.2 Group II introns -- 7.2.3 Ribonuclease P -- 7.2.4 Hammerhead ribozyme -- 7.2.5 Hairpin ribozyme -- 7.2.6 Hepatitis delta virus -- 7.2.7 Varkud satellite ribozymes -- 7.3 Ribozymes and their limitations -- 7.4 Selection of the target gene -- 7.5 Stability of ribozymes -- 7.6 Delivery of ribozymes -- 7.7 Applications of RNA nanoparticles emphasizing ribozymes -- 7.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 8 - Nanoparticles for DNAzymes delivery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 DNAzymes -- 8.3 The 10-23 DNAzymes -- 8.4 The 8-17 DNAzymes. , 8.5 Mechanism of DNAzymes -- 8.6 Advantages of DNAzymes -- 8.7 Stability of DNAzymes -- 8.8 Application of DNAzymes -- 8.9 DNAzyme delivery via metallic and polymeric nanoparticles -- 8.10 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 9 - Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nanoparticles -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Nanotechnology -- 9.1.2 Nanoparticles in modern drug delivery -- 9.1.3 FDA approved nanoparticles -- 9.1.4 Basic pharmacokinetic considerations -- Commonly employed pharmacokinetic approaches -- Compartmental approach -- Noncompartmental approach -- Pharmacokinetic formulae at a glance -- 9.2 Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles -- 9.2.1 Absorption of nanoparticles -- Oral adsorption -- Percutaneous absorption -- Pulmonary absorption -- Nasal absorption -- Injections -- 9.2.2 Biodistribution of nanoparticles -- Composition -- Size and morphology -- Surface charge -- Coating effect -- 9.2.3 Metabolism of nanoparticles -- 9.2.4 Elimination of nanoparticles -- 9.2.5 Factors affecting pharmacokinetics -- Size -- Shape -- Surface charge -- Coating and surface engineering effects -- 9.3 Generalized pharmacokinetic profile of various nanoparticles -- 9.3.1 Metallic nanoparticles -- 9.3.2 Cationic and anionic nanoparticles -- 9.3.3 Functionalized/tailored nanoparticles -- 9.3.4 Targeted/tagged nanoparticles -- 9.4 Challenges and future prospects -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 - Nanotoxicology: evaluation of toxicity potential of nanoparticles -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Size of nanoparticles -- 10.3 Dose-dependent toxicity -- 10.4 Nondosage-dependent actions/route -- 10.5 Surface area-dependent toxicity -- 10.6 Concentration-dependent toxicity -- 10.7 Particle chemistry and crystalline structure-dependent toxicity -- 10.8 Aspect ratio-dependent toxicity -- 10.9 Surface coating and functions attributed. , 10.10 Risk management of nanotechnology-specific aspects -- 10.11 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 11 - Regulatory aspects of nanoparticulate mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Issues related with nanoparticle mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.2.1 Environment, health, and safety impacts -- 11.2.2 Ethical, legal, and social issues -- 11.3 Current approaches for regulating pharmaceutical nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 The United States -- 11.3.1.1 The US Environmental Protection Agency -- 11.3.1.2 The US Food and Drug Administration -- 11.3.1.3 Regulatory developments by state and municipal organization -- 11.3.2 The United Kingdom -- 11.3.3 The European Union -- 11.3.3.1 Advancement in regulation in the European Union -- 11.3.4 Australia -- 11.3.5 Canada -- 11.3.5.1 The organization for economic cooperation and development -- 11.3.6 Other industrialized and emerging countries -- References -- 12 - Clinical studies and future prospects -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Regulatory pathways in the process of clinical trials -- 12.3 Barriers in the progress of clinical trials -- 12.3.1 Decreased cellular bioavailability and nuclear uptake -- 12.3.2 Serum stability -- 12.3.3 Biodistribution of nucleic acids and its immunogenicity -- 12.4 Ethical concerns in clinical trials -- 12.5 Nanotherapeutics in clinical trials -- 12.5.1 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 12.5.2 Lipid nanoparticles in nucleic acid delivery -- 12.5.3 Stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticle (SNALP) -- 12.5.4 Lipid nanoparticles -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Z -- Back Cover.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-08-100557-1

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (258 pages).

ISBN: 0-08-100563-6

Serie: Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids -- Related titles -- Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic AcidsWoodhead Publishing Series in BiomedicineEdited bySur ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Nanomedicine for delivery of therapeutic molecules -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Properties of nanoparticles -- 1.3 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 1.4 Nanoparticle-based strategies for overcoming in vitro and in vivo barriers -- 1.4.1 In vitro barriers -- 1.4.2 In vivo barriers -- 1.5 Book compilation -- References -- 2 - Nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Plasmid DNA -- 2.1.2 Antisense oligonucleotide -- 2.1.3 RNA interference -- Small interfering RNA -- Small hairpin RNA -- MicroRNA -- 2.2 Challenges and barriers to the nucleic acid delivery -- 2.2.1 Intracellular bioavailability -- 2.2.2 Induction of immune response -- 2.2.3 Low nuclear uptake -- 2.2.4 Extracellular and intracellular barriers in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3 Vectors in nucleic acid delivery -- 2.3.1 Viral vectors -- 2.3.2 Nonviral vectors -- 2.4 Nanoparticles as nonviral nucleic acid delivery vectors -- 2.4.1 Lipid-based nanoparticles -- Cationic lipids -- Neutral/helper lipids -- Anionic lipids -- PEGylated lipids -- 2.4.2 Gold nanoparticles -- Via covalent conjugation -- Via noncovalent conjugation -- 2.4.3 Chitosan nanoparticles -- Role of chitosan in plasmid DNA transfer -- Chitosan in therapeutic small RNA transfer -- 2.4.4 Silica nanoparticles -- Silica nanoparticles and antisense oligonucleotides -- Silica nanoparticles and small interfering RNAs -- Silica nanoparticles in enhancing transfection efficiency -- 2.4.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles. , Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex (lipoplex) -- Association of solid lipid nanoparticle-DNA complex -- 2.4.6 Composite nanoparticles -- Lipid-derived composite nanoparticles -- Polyplex-based core -- Mesoporous silica-based core -- Gold and magnetic nanoparticle-based core -- 2.5 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 3 - Methods for characterization of nanoparticles -- 3.1 Introduction and challenges in nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2 Techniques and approaches to nanoparticle characterization -- 3.2.1 Morphology and topography analysis -- 3.2.1.1 Dynamic light scattering -- 3.2.1.2 Electron microscopy -- 3.2.1.3 Other methods -- 3.2.2 Surface charge analysis (zeta potential measurement) -- 3.3 Stability evaluation of nanoparticles -- 3.3.1 Stability issues related to nanoparticle dispersion and suspensions -- 3.3.1.1 Agglomeration -- 3.3.1.2 Sedimentation or creaming -- 3.3.1.3 Change of crystalline state -- 3.3.2 Stability issues with the solidification process -- 3.3.2.1 Chemical stability -- 3.3.3 Stability issues related to biomolecule loading -- 3.4 Sterility assessment of nanoparticles -- 3.4.1 Endotoxins -- 3.4.2 Bacteria/yeast/mold -- References -- 4 - Nanoparticles for DNA delivery -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.3 High molecular weight linear polyethylenimine -- 4.4 Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- 4.5 High molecular weight branched polyethylenimine -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 - Nanoparticles for siRNA-mediated gene silencing -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chitosan -- 5.2.1 Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan -- 5.2.2 Degree of deacetylation of the polymer -- 5.2.3 N/P ratio of the polyplex -- 5.2.4 Salt form of chitosan -- 5.2.5 pH of the system -- 5.2.6 Presence of serum -- 5.3 Polyethylenimine -- 5.4 Poly-l-lysine. , 5.5 Dendrimers -- 5.5.1 Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers -- 5.5.2 Poly(propylenimine) dendrimers -- 5.5.3 Carbosilane dendrimers -- 5.6 Cyclodextrins -- 5.7 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid -- 5.7.1 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid as small interfering ribonucleic acid carrier -- References -- 6 - Nanoparticles for locked nucleic acid delivery -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Locked nucleic acids: structure -- 6.3 Locked nucleic acids: hybridization and conformation properties -- 6.4 Serum stability and nuclease resistance -- 6.5 Delivery and toxicity -- 6.6 Therapeutic applications of locked nucleic acids -- 6.6.1 Locked nucleic acids as microRNA inhibitors -- 6.6.2 Locked nucleic acids in short interfering RNA stability -- 6.6.3 Locked nucleic acid antisense -- 6.6.4 Locked nucleic acid-modified DNAzymes -- 6.6.5 Locked nucleic acid in diagnostics -- 6.7 Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of locked nucleic acid and locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotides -- 6.7.1 Gold nanoparticles -- 6.7.2 Lipid and polymer-based delivery vectors -- 6.7.2.1 Delivery of locked nucleic acid -aptamers -- 6.7.2.2 Delivery of locked nucleic acid-short interfering RNA -- 6.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 7 - Nanoparticles for ribozymes delivery -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of ribozymes -- 7.2.1 Group I introns -- 7.2.2 Group II introns -- 7.2.3 Ribonuclease P -- 7.2.4 Hammerhead ribozyme -- 7.2.5 Hairpin ribozyme -- 7.2.6 Hepatitis delta virus -- 7.2.7 Varkud satellite ribozymes -- 7.3 Ribozymes and their limitations -- 7.4 Selection of the target gene -- 7.5 Stability of ribozymes -- 7.6 Delivery of ribozymes -- 7.7 Applications of RNA nanoparticles emphasizing ribozymes -- 7.8 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 8 - Nanoparticles for DNAzymes delivery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 DNAzymes -- 8.3 The 10-23 DNAzymes -- 8.4 The 8-17 DNAzymes. , 8.5 Mechanism of DNAzymes -- 8.6 Advantages of DNAzymes -- 8.7 Stability of DNAzymes -- 8.8 Application of DNAzymes -- 8.9 DNAzyme delivery via metallic and polymeric nanoparticles -- 8.10 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 9 - Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the nanoparticles -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Nanotechnology -- 9.1.2 Nanoparticles in modern drug delivery -- 9.1.3 FDA approved nanoparticles -- 9.1.4 Basic pharmacokinetic considerations -- Commonly employed pharmacokinetic approaches -- Compartmental approach -- Noncompartmental approach -- Pharmacokinetic formulae at a glance -- 9.2 Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles -- 9.2.1 Absorption of nanoparticles -- Oral adsorption -- Percutaneous absorption -- Pulmonary absorption -- Nasal absorption -- Injections -- 9.2.2 Biodistribution of nanoparticles -- Composition -- Size and morphology -- Surface charge -- Coating effect -- 9.2.3 Metabolism of nanoparticles -- 9.2.4 Elimination of nanoparticles -- 9.2.5 Factors affecting pharmacokinetics -- Size -- Shape -- Surface charge -- Coating and surface engineering effects -- 9.3 Generalized pharmacokinetic profile of various nanoparticles -- 9.3.1 Metallic nanoparticles -- 9.3.2 Cationic and anionic nanoparticles -- 9.3.3 Functionalized/tailored nanoparticles -- 9.3.4 Targeted/tagged nanoparticles -- 9.4 Challenges and future prospects -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 - Nanotoxicology: evaluation of toxicity potential of nanoparticles -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Size of nanoparticles -- 10.3 Dose-dependent toxicity -- 10.4 Nondosage-dependent actions/route -- 10.5 Surface area-dependent toxicity -- 10.6 Concentration-dependent toxicity -- 10.7 Particle chemistry and crystalline structure-dependent toxicity -- 10.8 Aspect ratio-dependent toxicity -- 10.9 Surface coating and functions attributed. , 10.10 Risk management of nanotechnology-specific aspects -- 10.11 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 11 - Regulatory aspects of nanoparticulate mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Issues related with nanoparticle mediated nucleic acid delivery systems -- 11.2.1 Environment, health, and safety impacts -- 11.2.2 Ethical, legal, and social issues -- 11.3 Current approaches for regulating pharmaceutical nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 The United States -- 11.3.1.1 The US Environmental Protection Agency -- 11.3.1.2 The US Food and Drug Administration -- 11.3.1.3 Regulatory developments by state and municipal organization -- 11.3.2 The United Kingdom -- 11.3.3 The European Union -- 11.3.3.1 Advancement in regulation in the European Union -- 11.3.4 Australia -- 11.3.5 Canada -- 11.3.5.1 The organization for economic cooperation and development -- 11.3.6 Other industrialized and emerging countries -- References -- 12 - Clinical studies and future prospects -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Regulatory pathways in the process of clinical trials -- 12.3 Barriers in the progress of clinical trials -- 12.3.1 Decreased cellular bioavailability and nuclear uptake -- 12.3.2 Serum stability -- 12.3.3 Biodistribution of nucleic acids and its immunogenicity -- 12.4 Ethical concerns in clinical trials -- 12.5 Nanotherapeutics in clinical trials -- 12.5.1 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 12.5.2 Lipid nanoparticles in nucleic acid delivery -- 12.5.3 Stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticle (SNALP) -- 12.5.4 Lipid nanoparticles -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Z -- Back Cover.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-08-100557-1

Sprache: Englisch