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  • MPI Bildungsforschung  (79)
  • Abraham Geiger Kolleg
  • SB Kyritz
  • SB Templin
  • GB Petershagen
  • Lizenziert  (79)
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  • Lizenziert  (79)
  • 1
    UID:
    almahu_9949191415402882
    Umfang: 1 online resource (404 pages)
    ISBN: 0821350579
    Serie: Africa Development Indicators
    Inhalt: This volume presents data from 53 African countries, arranged in separate tables or matrices for more than 500 development indicators. The indicators are grouped into 14 chapters: background data, national accounts, prices and exchange rates, money and banking, the external sector, external debt and related flows, government finance, agriculture, power, communications and transportation, public enterprises, labor force and employment, aid flows, social indicators, and environmental indicators. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the nature of the data and their limitations, followed by a set of charts, statistical tables, and technical notes that define the indicators and identify their specific source. Most of the indicators present data by year for the period 1970-99. Many indicators also include averages or average growth rates for three recent time periods, covering the years 1975-99 or the most recently available year. Efforts have been made to standardize the data to facilitate cross-country comparisons. The data in this book are derived from a variety of sources. In most cases, the original sources are the national statistical services in Africa. In addition, many international agencies collect or compile data on African countries and organize national data in a standardized framework. The data have been supplemented by World Bank staff estimates to help address problems of missing or inconsistent data from standard sources.
    Weitere Ausg.: Print Version: ISBN 9780821350577
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almahu_9949190447602882
    Umfang: xiii, 94 pages ; , 28 cm.
    ISBN: 0821335162
    Serie: World Bank discussion papers, 316
    Weitere Ausg.: Print Version: ISBN 9780821335161
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079687
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Papers
    Inhalt: The government of Bangladesh's (GoB) Delta Plan 2100 (BDP 2100) disaggregates Bangladesh's 64 districts into six ecological zones based on hydrological characteristics and climate risks and deems 58 districts to be "extremely vulnerable" to the effects of climate change. The heterogeneity in the water crisis across the different hotspots presents unique health challenges. This paper summarizes the effects of altered quantity and quality of water on human health for each of the ecological zones and provides recommendations based on the findings. Climate change continues to deteriorate the quality and quantity of water in Bangladesh and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death. The consequences are particularly pronounced for pregnant women and children. There are substantial regional variations in the effects on health, driven by the country's topological attributes, such as groundwater depletion in the Barind and drought-prone areas and salinity in drinking water in the coastal regions. To address these challenges, it is imperative for agencies such as the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to build research capacity and upscale comprehensive disease surveillance systems to monitor trends in existing and emerging communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of disease prevention and control programs. A set of zone-specific health policies and actions needs to be formulated under the aegis of the MoHFW in collaboration with relevant GoB stakeholders such as the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, academics, practitioners, and policy makers, underpinned by credible evidence
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081218
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (54 Seiten)
    Inhalt: This paper studies the growth of Chinese imports into the United States from autarky during 1950-1970 to about 15 percent of overall imports in 2008, taking advantage of the rich heterogeneity in trade policy and trade growth across products during this period. Central to the analysis is an accounting for the dynamics of trade, trade policy, and trade-policy expectations. The analysis isolates the lagged effects of past reforms and the current effects of uncertainty about future reforms. It builds a multi-industry, heterogeneous-firm model with a dynamic export participation decision to estimate a path of trade-policy expectations. The findings show that being granted Normal Trade Relations (NTR) status in 1980 was largely a surprise and that, in the early stages, this reform had a high probability of being reversed. The likelihood of reversal dropped considerably during the mid-1980s, and, despite China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, changed little throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s. Thus, although uncertainty depressed trade substantially following the 1980 liberalization, much of the trade growth that followed China's WTO accession was a delayed response to previous reforms rather than a response to declining uncertainty
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269925
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Inhalt: Major resource discoveries have transformed growth prospects for many low-income countries. However, the sharp downturn in commodity prices in recent years is affecting resource investment in these countries, and may delay the development of recent discoveries into production. This study investigates lead times from discovery to production for a unique data set of gold and copper discoveries worldwide during 1950-2014. The study employs standard parametric and nonparametric duration analysis. The results suggest an important role for copper prices; for instance, an upswing at the time of discovery can hasten the development of the mine by two to three years in low-income countries. There appears to be a similarly beneficial impact on lead times of sounder macroeconomic policies and quality of governance
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Khan, Tehmina From Commodity Discovery to Production Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269944
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Inhalt: This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model Maquette for Millennium Development Goal Simulations (MAMS) calibrated to Mongolia to investigate how the development of major mining projects leads to Dutch disease. The simulations suggest that the process is complex, with the relative strength of the different spending and resource movement channels determined by structural features of the economy, such as factor input needs of the mining sector and substitution elasticities, and how mineral windfalls are eventually spent. In Mongolia, mining sector demand for domestic factor inputs explains two-thirds of the appreciation of the real exchange rate, with demand for labor, aquasi-fixed factor, the most potent channel for transmitting Dutch disease. The simulations also suggest that public policies may only play a limited role in limiting Dutch disease, even if growing fiscal revenues are channeled toward productivity-enhancing public investment rather than public consumption or lower taxes. This finding suggests that policy makers face real trade-offs, namely that, as an equilibrium response, Dutch disease is unavoidable and at odds with an export-led, manufacturing-oriented development strategy unless resources are left in the ground (or mining earnings are saved abroad). If the objective is to limit Dutch disease, then the simulations point to policies that minimize the usage of domestic inputs by the mining sector, or that accommodate the growing demand for key inputs such as labor e.g. through immigration. Regarding spending, policy makers should channel mining revenues toward public investment, to expand the economy's long-run supply potential. Where large direct income flows from the mining sector to households are important, monetary policy may be more useful than fiscal policy in constraining private spending
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Khan, Tehmina S Investigating the Transmission Channels behind Dutch Disease Effects: Lessons from Mongolia Using a CGE Model Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2017
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048267927
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Development Report Background Papers
    Inhalt: The weak enforcement of a rule of law is closely related to the prevalence of corruption. Corruption involves different types of rule-violations by bureaucrats, politicians and businesses where power is misused for private benefit. Not surprisingly, corruption is correlated with the weak enforcement of formal institutions in general, including property rights and the formal rules of politics. All of these are in turn strongly correlated with the level of development. Countries that have high levels of corruption are likely to have weak property rights, a weak rule of law, high levels of corruption, informal political rents, and low levels of productive capabilities (even if they sometimes have high per capita incomes as a result of natural resources). These correlations raise important questions and challenges for policy
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269074
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Inhalt: Donors increasingly fund interventions to counteract inequality in developing countries, where they fear it can foment instability and undermine nation-building efforts. To succeed, aid relies on the principle of upward accountability to donors. But federalism shifts the accountability of subnational officials downward to regional and local voters. What happens when aid agencies fund anti-inequality programs in federal countries? Does federalism undermine aid? Does aid undermine federalism? Or can the political and fiscal relations that define a federal system resolve the contradiction internally? This study explores this paradox via the Promotion of Basic Services program in Ethiopia, the largest donor-financed investment program in the world. Using an original panel database comprising the universe of Ethiopian woredas (districts), the study finds that horizontal (geographic) inequality decreased substantially. Donor-financed block grants to woredas increased the availability of primary education and health care services in the bottom 20 percent of woredas. Weaker evidence from household surveys suggests that vertical inequality across wealth groups (within woredas) also declined, implying that individuals from the poorest households benefit disproportionately from increasing access to and utilization of such services. The evidence suggests that by combining strong upward accountability over public investment with extensive citizen engagement on local issues, Ethiopia's federal system resolves the instrumental dissonance posed by aid-funded programs to combat inequality in a federation
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Khan, Qaiser Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048268954
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Policy Briefs
    Inhalt: Promoting relevant technical and life skills is one option to empower adolescent girls by increasing their capacity to generate income and therefore by enhancing their bargaining power within the household. This Note presents a situation analysis of the current skills set and employment outcomes of adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in Malawi, with a focus on adolescent girls. The Note draws on several sources of data, including the Malawi Labor Force Survey 2013. The data reveal that female adolescents are as active in the labor market as their male counterparts, but are more likely to be unemployed and earn less. Furthermore, girls report marriage, pregnancy, or family responsibilities as constraints when making decisions about investments in education and training, or seeking work. However, further analysis is necessary to understand how these trends affect choices made by adolescent girls and their households
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048270627
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Inhalt: Promoting relevant technical and life skills is one option to empower adolescent girls by increasing their capacity to generate income and therefore by enhancing their bargaining power within the household. This Note presents a situation analysis of the current skills set and employment outcomes of adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in Zambia, with a focus on adolescent girls. The main source of data is several rounds of the Zambia Labor Force Survey (years 2005, 2008, 2012). The data reveal that although adolescent girls are more economically active than their male counterparts, they are also more likely to be engaged in part-time employment, be unemployed, and earn less than their male counterparts. However, little is known about how these trends affect choices made by adolescent girls and their households
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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