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  • Englisch  (26)
  • EUV Frankfurt  (26)
  • Bibliothek des Konservatismus
  • de la Maisonneuve, Christine  (26)
  • Lizenziert  (26)
  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Ageing on Demand, Factor Markets and Growth (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047937272
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (100 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: This paper examines the channels through which ageing will shape the main economic factors that in turn affect potential growth; identifies current policy settings that may in fact amplify the adverse impact of demographic trends; and sets out policy reforms that will work to temper the effects of ageing on growth. The paper begins with a brief discussion of demographic issues. The analysis first focuses on the impact of these trends on the future level and structure of consumption, which may affect aggregate saving and the structure of the economy, respectively. Then, it explores the main channels through which ageing affects the supply side of the economy following a production function approach: capital markets, labour markets and productivity. The empirical analysis focuses on a subset of large OECD countries with differing ageing patterns and generosity of pension systems. Using a simple general equilibrium overlapping generations model and considering alternative reform scenarios, some illustrative simulations are presented decomposing the effects of ageing on potential GDP per capita growth and economic convergence within OECD countries
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/545827207132
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reforming the pension system to increase coverage and equity in Colombia (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047936484
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: Colombia is one of the most unequal countries in Latin America. The high level of informality in the labour market and many characteristics of the pension system leave many elderly in poverty. Only formal-sector employees earning more than the relatively high minimum wage are covered. Linking benefits to at least the minimum wage makes the system costly and reduces the provision of annuities by insurance companies as it is difficult to insure against changes in the minimum wage. The Government has recently introduced a matching-contribution scheme (BEPS) for informal workers and vulnerable retiring aged people who have not contributed enough to be entitled to a pension. Moreover, the coverage of the old-age minimum income support has been extended but at the cost of lowering the already modest benefits. More reforms in the pension system are needed to extend coverage while eligibility to the BEPS and the minimum income support should be expanded to guarantee old-age income for more Colombians. In the medium term an in-depth pension reform is required. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Colombia. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-colombia.htm)
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/5js0cqrr97s4-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The drivers of public health spending : Integrating policies and institutions (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047937006
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: This paper investigates the impact of policies and institutions on health expenditures for a large panel of OECD countries for the period 2000-10. We use a set of 20 policy and institutional indicators developed by the OECD characterising the main supply-side, demand-side, and public management, coordination and financing features of health systems. The impact of these indicators is tested alongside control variables related to demographic (dependency ratio) and non-demographic (income, prices and technology) drivers of health expenditures per capita. Overall, there is a reasonably good fit between the expected signs of the coefficients for the institutional indicators and the actual estimates. By integrating the role of policies and institutions, together with the other primary determinants, our analysis is able to explain most of the cross-country variation in public health expenditures
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm2f76rnhkj-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How to boost export performance in Greece (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047932908
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: This paper analyses the structure of Greek exports and presents policy recommendations to boost export performance. Despite recent improvements, export performance deteriorated in the last decade particularly in the service sector. The decline in unit labour costs since the beginning of the crisis has restored cost competitiveness, but the response of exports has been sluggish due to severe liquidity constraints of exporters, lack of investment in export industries and in part because prices did not adjust as fast. Greece is dominated by SMEs and specialised in low-technology goods which makes it difficult to be well integrated into global value chains. Structural problems in product markets, barriers to exporting, access to finance and administrative burden affect competitiveness and impede export performance. Boosting investment in infrastructure and logistics, further liberalising the network industries, improving investment in human and knowledge-based capital to allow upgrading in the global value chains will be essential to enhance export performance
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlz4046mz35-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal Decentralisation in Colombia : New Evidence Regarding Sustainability, Risk Sharing and "Fiscal Fatigue (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047933535
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: Colombia has engaged in a sustained process of fiscal decentralisation over the past decades. This paper analyses three aspects of fiscal performance for Colombia's departments. First, it studies the sustainability aspects of subnational finances by estimating a fiscal reaction function. Evidence is presented that the current framework is conducive to fiscal sustainability, especially after the reforms in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Second, the paper analyses the impact of transfers and oil and mining royalties and the effort to raise own tax revenues at the departmental level. Overall, there is little evidence of a negative effect of transfers from the central government on departmental tax revenue, the so-called "fiscal fatigue". Finally, the paper presents evidence of a limited degree of risk sharing of departmental idiosyncratic shocks, as transfers from the central government are mostly pro-cyclical. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Colombia. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-colombia.htm)
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/5js30tzp18kj-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enhancing administrative and fiscal decentralisation in the Czech Republic (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047928567
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (47 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: There is considerable regional variation in incomes and poverty in the Czech Republic and gaps have grown over time. With the highest number of municipalities per head in the OECD, subnational government is very fragmented and the resulting lack of capacity at the local level reduces the quality of public services and impedes the uptake of effective development projects. This paper discusses various policy options to address the challenges faced by Czech subnational governments and proposes reforms to enhance their effectiveness. Mergers of municipalities would be an obvious way towards greater integration, but this may be politically difficult. Mandating inter-municipal co-operation over a legally defined set of public services can be an alternative way of improving efficiency and the quality of service delivery. Tweaking the tax sharing system to disincentivise small size of municipalities and to make subnational governments more autonomous could be steps towards higher efficiency. Improving and consolidating the delivery of education and health services at the local level is also needed in the context of demographic change
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/c1d0c9bb-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Wage Premium on Tertiary Education : New Estimates for 21 OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931812
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (63 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: This paper presents cross-section estimates of gross hourly wage premia on tertiary education. They are based on a unified framework for 21 OECD countries from the 1990s to the early 2000s and use international household surveys to maximise international comparability. The results of the "augmented" Mincerian wage equations point to an average hourly gross wage premium on completed tertiary education of 55% in 2001 (country-gender average), translating into a premium of close to 11% per annum of tertiary education. Wage premia display little variation over time but huge cross-country variation: at 6% they are lowest in Greece and Spain (men and women) as well as in Austria and Italy (women) while reaching 14%-18% in Hungary, Portugal, and in most Anglo-Saxon countries. Given that the wage premium is the single most important driver of private returns to education, the results presented here have potentially important implications for policies that aim at increasing investment in human capital
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/033568367526
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Network service deregulation and manufacturing exports in Greece (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931945
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally. However, the ultimate causes of these imbalances are not fully clear. Current account positions reflect the gap between national saving and investment, which are in turn affected by policy distortions, including in trade policy. Simulations of the OECD's METRO model show liberalisation of existing trade distortions would modestly narrow aggregate trade imbalances in the medium term for some countries. Reducing tariffs, non-tariff measures and the combined market access and productivity-enhancing effects of pro-competitive measures in services all have some rebalancing potential. Liberalisation would also offer economically significant income gains for all countries. By contrast, narrowing trade imbalances using trade restrictions would come at disproportionately high economic costs for all countries
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/d35026d6-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Public Spending on Health and Long-term Care : A new set of projections (2013)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934573
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers
    Inhalt: This paper proposes a new set of public health and long-term care expenditure projections till 2060, following up on the previous set of projections published in 2006. It disentangles health from longterm care expenditure as well as the demographic from the non-demographic drivers, and refines the previous methodology, in particular by better identifying the underlying determinants of health and long-term care spending and by extending the country coverage to include BRIICS countries. A costcontainment and a cost-pressure scenario are provided together with sensitivity analysis. On average across OECD countries, total health and long-term care expenditure is projected to increase by 3.3 and 7.7 percentage points of GDP between 2010 and 2060 in the cost-containment and the cost-pressure scenarios respectively. For the BRIICS over the same period, it is projected to increase by 2.8 and 7.3 percentage points of GDP in the cost-containment and the cost-pressure scenarios respectively
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/5k44t7jwwr9x-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Long-Run GDP Growth Framework and Scenarios for the World Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931210
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Inhalt: This paper develops and applies a simple "conditional growth" framework to make long-term GDP projections for the world economy, taking as a starting point recent empirical evidence about the importance of total factor productivity and human capital in explaining current cross-country disparities in GDP per capita levels. Other distinct features of the projection framework include human capital projections by cohorts and implicit allowance for the impact of ageing and potential labour market and pension reforms on future growth in employment levels. In the baseline projection, world GDP would grow in PPP terms by about 3 ¾ % per year on average over the period 2005-2050. When expressed in constant market exchange rates, taking into account future Balassa-Samuelson effects, this projection falls roughly in the middle of the range of long-run scenarios recently developed in the context of greenhouse gas emission projections. The sensitivity of the projection to total factor productivity and population growth assumptions is significant, however, and compounds with deeper sources of uncertainty such as model and parameter uncertainty
    Sprache: Englisch
    DOI: 10.1787/227205684023
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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