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  • Stabi Berlin  (22)
  • Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin
  • GB Hohenleipisch
  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 1985-1989
  • Easton, Peter  (22)
  • Frei verfügbar (Open Access)  (22)
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  • Stabi Berlin  (22)
  • Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin
  • GB Hohenleipisch
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  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 1985-1989
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  • Frei verfügbar (Open Access)  (22)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567461
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 28
    Inhalt: Though the development, articulation, and systematization of indigenous knowledge in Africa are most often seen as issues of culture and local epistemology, they have at the same time critical power dimensions. The relation between local knowledge bases - and practitioners - on the one hand and central or Westernized ones on the other is manifestly a high-power/low-power situation, a matter most often quite acutely and accurately perceived by local people themselves. Until and unless the 'terms of trade" between these two spheres are significantly altered, or at least cast in a framework that promises some renegotiation, it is entirely understandable that the repositories of indigenous science would choose to keep it "off the market."
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567453
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 29
    Inhalt: Indigenous knowledge in Africa, and the world over, is expressed in language, and usually in an "indigenous" language - in short, the mother tongue of inhabitants of the locality, or a lingua franca in regular usage by them. Are these languages simply a neutral medium? Are they just instrumental "vehicles" for the expression of local knowledge and daily life? Or do the languages themselves play some role, by their very structure and usage, in what is thought and known? The examples in this Note are principally drawn from Hausa, the second most widespread tongue in Africa and a member of the "Chadic" group of languages. It is principally spoken in northern Nigeria and central Niger, but is used as well as in several other countries of the region. The patterns are nonetheless roughly representative of a host of western and central African language traditions.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567496
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 25
    Inhalt: Based on research from an evaluation of functional adult literacy during the late 70s, focused on peanut-growing in the western region of Mali, results demonstrated that while literacy programs only attained its full quantitative objectives in just a few localities, the vast majority of participating communities, had nonetheless managed to produce a nucleus of literate people. These people, in charge of marketing commercial crops, including monitoring tax bills, soon enhanced the magnitude of literacy's uses in the rural environment. However, indigenous knowledge, which is social in nature, and culturally transmitted, comes forth in social situations, where groups of people resolve their perceptions, or communicate their wisdom across generations. The note thus focuses on the efforts by the Bank, and the Ministry of Education in supporting methods, and new directions for non-formal basic education, premised on the notion that literacy should be a starting point for training, relevant to rural development. The training had five closely related elements: technical content; hands-on developmental work; field inquiry or local needs assessment; comparison with indigenous knowledge; and, experimental trial and analysis. Varied training results, i.e., waterborne diseases, soil fertility, and indigenous accounting systems, produced new methodologies, evolving into a pedagogy to express indigenous knowledge, by focusing on local needs, based on local knowledge, associating local people as teachers in the learning process, and creating a context for collective reflection.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567569
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 18
    Inhalt: Whereas evaluation has often been considered an activity required by donors, but fundamentally foreign to local culture, there is however plenty which has been done recently to develop participatory, and empowering modes of program evaluation, giving local stakeholders active roles, and a say in how evaluation is performed. Furthermore, unanticipated results of participatory evaluation practices in West Africa has brought to light local attitudinal approaches to evaluation, thus creating a basis for the development of an appropriate evaluation methodology. Incredibly, one of the means for such results was the use of proverbs, which encapsulate local attitudes, and provide insight in evaluation-related issues, such as accountability, performance, and social responsibility. Such "proverbial" culture placed evaluation at its best form of collective decision-making, making the participatory approach to evaluation a leitmotif. This attitude creates the basis for helping beneficiaries develop a culturally-appropriate technology of democratic self-governance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567577
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 17
    Inhalt: The note examines regional planning, and future participatory methods for economic development in West Africa, based on the work carried out by the Club du Sahel - a branch of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - responsible for coordinating northern donor agencies, in support of food security, and natural resource management in the desert-edge portions of West Africa, in cooperation with the Interstate Committee for Struggle Against Drought in the Sahel. The results prompted controversy, because of disagreements between Europeans - favoring urban-oriented scenarios - and North Americans - more inclined toward rural-oriented ones - including the views of Northerners who provided the analysis, in contrast to that of African researchers who felt somehow shortchanged. However, collaboration on a participatory study of decentralization, and capacity building, involving case studies of local communities, assumed a major new development, and management responsibilities on their own. Through a trial methodology, researchers invited debate, and analysis on future community, and regional cooperation. The work covered examining changes occurred in communities, country, and the West Africa region, concentrating on the environment, demography, economy, society and culture, and politics. Findings suggest the exercise transformed the strategy into a set of tools for self-assessment, and strategic planning of local associations, and businesses.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567518
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 23
    Inhalt: One of the down-sides of worldwide agricultural development, has been the replacement of native plant species by marketable crops, accompanied by a reduction in the diversity of the seed stock. This accounts for the disappearance of plants with potential medicinal uses, particularly in high biodiversity areas, and, the crowding out of native diversity of edible species by standard, sometimes genetically altered by commercial farming demands, is an equally serious problem. Indigenous knowledge of edible plants is one key "pool" of biodiversity in Africa - one in which women play a vital role. The note looks at bean farming in Kenya, where evidence shows that in pre-colonial times a large variety of bean species was cultivated, which constituted a critical element of rural people's diet, and a rich source of protein. Traditionally, women grew, and conserved multiple seed stocks, as a hedge against disease, and unpredictable climate changes. However, the colonial agricultural extension service eliminated multi-cropping - a phenomenon that brought negative consequences for nutrition, biodiversity, and soil fertility. This case unfortunately was not an isolated one, though fortunately efforts to coordinate a participatory research program on gender roles in agriculture, and plant breeding are underway, headed by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567631
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 11
    Inhalt: The note examines the practical, and literate skills that students acquire at different levels in West African Koranic schools. It is a long-standing parallel system of education, yet, relatively unknown to development planers, thus seldom taken into explicit account in their policies, and strategies. Islamic educational systems have been present since the seventh century, and by the tenth century, communities of Muslim merchants, and scholars were established in many commercial centers region wide. The system of Islamic learning across West Africa is several-tiered, though less rigidly structured than its Western counterpart. Nonetheless, and despite a uniformity tendency toward underlying religious culture, and basic orientation, the nature and quality of instruction in Koranic schools, and the Islamic system as a whole, vary tremendously from region to region. Given that understanding of Arabic - modern or classic - beyond the Koranic texts is rare, the highest levels of practical literacy are most frequently found in areas where there is a developed system for transcribing African language with Arabic characters. The note concludes that basic Islamic instruction has dimensions of practical application, i.e., it constitutes an introduction to the technology of writing, and to a lesser extent, to numeracy; it is a training, as well as local leadership; and, has always been an avenue for social, and economic advancement.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567585
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 16
    Inhalt: At a time when the fate of national representative government in Senegal, still hangs in the balance, a variety of grassroots organizations is seemingly, and unexpectedly laying some of the groundwork for future change. Notions of "democracy" - adapted to local Senegalese conditions - are being woven among various assertions of human rights. The note describes how a rural women's non-formal education program, has been developing a brand of local training in democratic principles, and behaviors. Efforts specifically targeted women, and included lessons in problem-solving, income generation, African-language literacy, and child health. However, one such effort was a module on women's health, which included the taboo subject - women's sexuality - triggering an unsuspected emphasis on human rights, particularly as it relates to discrimination, and violence. The surprising results were conducive to surface the term "democracy", laying the foundation for a training sequence where democracy would be used as a cover term for the social arrangements, under which human rights could be guaranteed, and people could determine their own destiny. Results were evident on a number of fronts: children's rights, girl's access to school, and female circumcision, among others. The democracy debate appears to be having major effects on practice, within local associations, and communities, which includes notions of accountability, transparency, and governance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    UID:
    gbv_797567542
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 20
    Inhalt: The note identifies the essential ingredients - employment, meaning, and self-direction - through examples that represent efforts to fill the void in apprenticeship of adult roles, for impoverished young people thrown out of a traditional framework, and into the vortex of African cities. And seemingly, they succeed best where they manage to "recreate tradition", infusing the customary categories of apprenticeship, and age-group association with new economic direction, and increased self-direction, and definition by the participants. From this brief overview of efforts to assist Africa's impoverished youth in building new identities, the following lessons emerged: An adult education approach works best, insofar as it involves building on the experience, and skills that young people carry, and giving them a determining role in guiding the program. Gainful, and meaningful employment is a cornerstone of new identities, but a vision of the future, be it religious, cultural, or political, and the opportunity to apply it to one's own life, is what forms an enduring perseverance in life. Peer counseling is thus a frequent element of successful programs. Traditional apprenticeship, and youth associations should be utilized as repertoire and resource, based on a continual critique. Discovery of one's environment, and advocacy for change, are critical complements to any effort.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_79756733X
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes 42
    Inhalt: The note looks at the results of a Bank mission for the development of indigenous knowledge (IK) in Francophone Africa, namely in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Cameroon, which was based on consultations with private-public counterparts involved in promoting its development. Although there is an abundance of initiatives, and activities occurring to develop IK - in health, agriculture, education, natural resource management, and cultural affairs - it is nonetheless, unevenly distributed throughout the four countries: seldom is IK promotion, part of public policy; there is a marked divergence among sectors of development; most IK initiatives have been undertaken in social sectors, much fewer in agriculture, and far lesser initiatives in technology, finance, and engineering; and, practices in the use of African languages are mostly conditioned by a host of other policy concerns. On recognizing the value of IK, suggestions indicate variants, such as taking IK as a heritage of accumulated wisdom, as an embodiment of specific African modes of thought, and, as a means of articulating local know-how. On building the challenge for increased IK, the note recommends the inclusion of IK in development projects, by explicitly involving local actors in the design of intervention methods; by disseminating the methodology for a participatory local development; by identifying centers to become the collective focus of IK; and, by designing pre- and in-service methods for professional training of development.
    Sprache: Englisch
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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