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  • E-Ressource  (16)
  • Charité  (16)
  • MPI Bildungsforschung
  • Grünes Gedächtnis
  • 1
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    An historical atlas of Islam : = Atlas historique de l'Islam (2002)
    Leiden :Brill,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_BV014083658
    Umfang: 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm ; , 12 cm.
    Ausgabe: [2., rev. ed.]
    Weitere Ausg.: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe An historical atlas of Islam
    Sprache: Englisch
    Fachgebiete: Geschichte , Komparatistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen/Literaturen , Geographie , Theologie/Religionswissenschaften
    RVK:
    BE 8600
    RVK:
    EH 5400
    RVK:
    NC 7300
    RVK:
    RB 10814
    Schlagwort(e): Islam ; Geschichte ; Atlas ; CD-ROM ; Araber ; Geschichte ; Atlas ; CD-ROM
    Mehr zum Autor: Kennedy, Hugh 1947-
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  • 2
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    Recent House Price Developments : The Role of Fundamentals (2006)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958083073702883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (60 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.475
    Inhalt: In the vast majority of OECD economies, house prices in real terms have been moving up strongly since the mid-1990s. Because of the important role housing wealth has been playing during the current upswing, this paper will look more closely at what is underlying these developments for 18 OECD countries over the period from 1970 to the present, with a view to shedding some light on whether or not prices are in line with fundamentals. The paper begins by putting the most recent housing price run-ups in the context of the experiences of the past 35 years. It then examines current valuations against a range of benchmarks. It concludes with a review of the links between a possible correction of housing prices and real activity. The main highlights from this analysis are as follows: 1) The size and duration of the current real house price increases; the degree to which they have tended to move together across countries; and the extent to which they have disconnected from the business cycle are unprecedented. 2) Overvaluation of real house prices may only apply to a relatively small number of countries. However, the extent to which these prices look to be fairly valued depends largely on longer-term interest rates remaining at or close to their current low levels. 3) If house prices were to adjust downward, the historical record suggests that the drops might be large and that the process could be protracted, given the observed stickiness of nominal house prices and the current low rates of inflation.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    E-Ressource
    Monetary Policy at Price Stability : A Review of Some Issues (1995)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958062167202883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (30 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.158
    Inhalt: In this paper policy issues related to the operation of monetary policy in a low inflation environment are discussed. The successful reduction of inflation rates in a number of OECD countries in recent years arguably represents a regime shift that is likely to affect the operation of monetary policy. Some of the practical issues involved are the potential existence of a trade-off between inflation variability and output variability, asymmetries in the short-run Phillips curve, the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies, the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments, the appropriate specification of the price stability objective, as well as the credibility of monetary policy in a near price-stability environment. The results indicate that under many circumstances none of these issues should cause major difficulties at price stability. Furthermore, the analysis tends to strengthen the argument for maintaining relatively tight control over inflation. Sound fiscal policies ...
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    Has the Rise in Debt Made Households More Vulnerable? (2006)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958059945302883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (39 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.535
    Inhalt: This paper reviews, for a number of OECD economies, macroeconomic developments in household balance sheets over the past two decades. The main findings show that the rise in household debt to historical levels has been driven by a combination of favourable financial conditions and buoyant housing markets. There have also been a number of supply-side innovations in credit markets that have eased the access to credit for lower income borrowers and reduced financial constraints for first-time homebuyers. Total household net wealth has risen and provided households with a financial cushion against a negative shock. That said, households in a number of countries have leveraged balance sheets and the sensitivity to house price and interest rate developments has likely increased. The paper then examines micro level information which suggests that most of the debt is held by households better able to manage it. In particular, the major part of debt is held by higher-income households, who also spend a smaller proportion of their disposable income servicing debts. Lower-income households, with less ability to service debt, do not hold that much and, as such, the spill over effects from this group to the rest of the economy are perhaps not large. Whether the situation remains benign or not is discussed in the final section of the paper. Estimates presented point to significant effects of changes in net wealth on household saving rates in a large number of the countries studied.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    Differences in Resilience Between the Euro-Area and US Economies (2004)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958075070802883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (34 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.382
    Inhalt: This paper is concerned with how stylised differences in monetary policy transmission mechanisms and product and labour market rigidities between the US and euro-area economies affect their resilience to temporary shocks. To address this issue, a small general equilibrium model with long-run neoclassical and short-run neo-Keynesian features is calibrated to replicate the key properties of the US economy (as in the US Fed’s FRB-US model). To this model, features of the euro area’s financial and then product and labour markets are added sequentially with a view to replicating what is generally agreed are aspects of the functioning of the euro-area economy (as captured by the ECB’s Area-Wide Model). Most of the analysis is conducted assuming identical monetary policy reaction functions, although the sensitivity of the results to this assumption is tested. The results illustrate the importance of adjustment patterns in financial, product and labour markets for economies’ ...
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    What Promotes Fiscal Consolidation : OECD Country Experiences (2007)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958059924602883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (37 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.553
    Inhalt: Fiscal consolidation is required in most OECD countries. This is especially so in view of mediumand long-term spending pressures on public finances, related, inter alia, to ageing. Based on a dataset covering a large number of OECD fiscal consolidation episodes starting in the late 1970s, the paper presents evidence, both descriptive and econometric, on macroeconomic conditions and policy set-ups that have been effective in triggering and sustaining fiscal consolidation. Main findings include: Large initial deficits and high interest rates have been important in prompting fiscal adjustment and also in boosting the overall size and duration of consolidation. Concerning the quality of fiscal policies, an emphasis on cutting current expenditures has been associated with overall larger consolidation. Fiscal rules with embedded expenditure targets tended to be associated with larger and longer adjustments, pointing to institutional features playing a potentially important role in generating successful consolation efforts. Experience across countries also shows that certain design features such as transparency, flexibility to face shocks and effective enforcement mechanisms seem important for the effectiveness of fiscal rules.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    E-Ressource
    Structural Policy Reforms and External Imbalances (2005)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958060539202883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (24 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.415
    Inhalt: It has been argued that one solution to global current account imbalances is for countries with current account surpluses to undertake structural reforms. This would raise their potential growth, which is assumed to put downward pressure on the current account position. This paper takes a closer look at how such structural reforms in labour markets, product markets, and financial markets could be expected to affect current accounts. It also tests empirically, using pooled time-series techniques (that control for the influence of relative cyclical positions, government fiscal balances and the real exchange rate), whether or not reforms in these areas would have any significant relationship with current accounts. The overall finding is that indicators of structural reforms do have a significant relationship with the current account but the contribution of these variables to explain current account positions is quite limited ...
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 8
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    Taxes, income and economic mobility in Ireland : New evidence from tax records data (2015)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959656678802883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (55 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.1269
    Inhalt: This paper analyses income inequality in Ireland using a new panel dataset based on the administrative tax records of the Revenue Commissioners for Ireland. High inequality at market incomes in Ireland by international standards appears to be driven by both ends of the income distribution. An analysis of income mobility over time shows it has been low at both ends of the income distribution, though it increased at the low end once the crisis began, reflecting the sharp deterioration of the labour market. The data confirms that the tax system is highly progressive at the high end of income distribution and the welfare system provides the most significant support to lower income deciles in Ireland. The redistributive function in the tax and benefit system was enhanced during the last decade, not only because more income support was necessitated with the crisis, but also because of steeper and more progressive tax rates. This working paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Ireland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-ireland.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
    E-Ressource
    E-Ressource
    Asset Prices and Monetary Policy (1998)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959654056302883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (33 p. )
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.188
    Inhalt: In this paper, the authors analyse the role of asset market prices in the formation of monetary policy with particular reference to equity markets, a concern for policy makers in the late 1990s. While asset prices have potentially valuable supplementary information for monetary policy makers, they are hard to interpret because of their inherent volatility. Dilemmas arise when asset price movements are large and there are no signs of inflation pressures. Waiting until speculative pressures run their course risks both contagion to other sectors and assets and potentially damaging fallout from a correction. Tightening monetary policy in these circumstances (perhaps to avoid potential fallout on other sectors) would be difficult to justify to the public. In the current situation of low inflation (late 1997), various valuation measures suggest that equity markets are over-valued in the United States, Canada and Italy. Other countries are either at more intermediate positions ...
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    E-Ressource
    Mobilising Investment in Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Infrastructure (2012)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959655814702883
    Umfang: 1 online resource (89 p. )
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers, no.46
    Inhalt: This paper addresses several broad issues for governments aiming to encourage private sector investment in low-carbon climate resilient (LCR) infrastructure, in both developed and developing world contexts. LCR infrastructure is defined, recognizing the interdependencies between infrastructure systems, and the opportunities to tackle climate change adaptation and mitigation simultaneously in national strategic infrastructure plans. Review of the performance of OECD countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to three categories of gross fixed capital formation is mixed. Half of the countries analysed achieved decoupling of emissions from capital formation in the residential building sector, but only two in the transportation sector and nine in power and industry. The paper reviews future global infrastructure needs under low carbon and business-as–usual scenarios. Although cost estimates are incomplete, the technical interdependency and financial tradeoffs between infrastructure systems suggests the potential to generate virtuous cycles of low carbon growth. Governments can encourage private investment in LCR infrastructure by improving the risk-return profile of projects. The paper provides a ranking of the most significant risks in financing LCR projects showing that policy (or sovereign) risks rank amongst the highest. The potential to finance LCR infrastructure in low income nations is challenging due to basic banking services, lack of non-bank financial services, weak risk management capacity and limited availability of long term funding. Drawing on OECD?s work on the water sector, the paper reviews financing mechanisms that help to increase access to commercial banks, bond finance, project finance and equity finance in developing countries. Green bonds are an example of a financing mechanism with strong potential for LCR infrastructure in developed countries, but supportive government policies are required. The paper concludes by considering governance arrangements that can enable and secure private engagement in LCR infrastructure investment, including public private partnerships (PPPs). Where governments have opted to use PPPs, government PPP units may be suitable administrative units for managing delivery of LCR performance as an integral part of the infrastructure project.
    Sprache: Englisch
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