Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (digital)

ISBN: 9780387097947

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 641

Content: Living systems are fundamentally dynamic and adaptive, relying on a constant throughput of energy. They are also, by definition, self-sustaining over the full range of length and time scales (from sub-cellular structures to species considered as a whole). This characteristic combination of constant adaptive flux and emergent persistence requires that the properties of all living systems must, at some level, be cyclical. Consequently, oscillatory dynamics, in which system properties rise and fall in a regular rhythmic fashion, are a central feature of a wide range of biological processes. The scale of biological oscillations covers enormous ranges, from the sub-cellular to the population level, and from milliseconds to years. While the existence of a number of biological oscillations, such such as the regular beating of the human heart or the life-cycle of a unicellular organismis, is widely appreciated, there are many oscillatory phenomena that are much less obvious, albeit no less important. Since oscillations reflect periodic quantitative changes in system properties, their detection and characterisation relies on the quantitative measurement of a system over an extended period. Until recently, such measurements were difficult to obtain at cellular or sub-cellular resolution, and relatively few cellular oscillations had been described. However, recent methodological advances have revealed that oscillatory phenomena are as widespread in cells as they are at larger scales. The papers in this book provide an introduction to a range of both well known and less familiar cellular oscillations, and serve to illustrate the striking richness of cellular dynamics. The contributions focus particularly on elucidating the basic mechanisms that underlie these oscillations. The essentially quantitative nature of oscillations has long made them an attractive area of study for theoretical biologists and the application of complementary modelling and experimental approaches can yield insights into oscillatory dynamics that go beyond those that can be obtained by either in isolation. The benefits of this synergy are reflected in the contributions appearing in this book. That oscillations play central roles in phenomena at all levels of cellular organisation is illustrated by the range of examples detailed in this book. Chapters by Lloyd and by Aon and colleagues describe coherent oscillations in cellular metabolism, a process clearly common to all living cells. Similarly, the cell cycle, discussed by Csiksz-Nagy and colleagues, is a fundamentally cyclical process common to all cells. Rougemont and Naef describe models for circadian rhythms, which are critical in allowing organisms to entrain their cellular activities to imposed daily changes in their environment. The chapters by Lahav and by Momiji and Monk focus on recently-discovered oscillations in cellular response systems, in which the combined requirements of sensitive response and signal termination result in unexpected oscillatory instabilities. Oscillations contribute not only to temporal organisation within cells, but can also direct spatio-temporal organisation in multicellular tissues. Thul and colleagues review the central role played by oscillatory changes in calcium concentration in processes spanning these scales. A striking and well known example of oscillatory patterning at the multi-cellular level is the aggregation of developing cells of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Loomis discusses the critical role played by oscillatory cAMP signalling in this phenomenon. More recently discovered illustrations of the role of oscillations in spatial patterning are provided by the chapters of Lutkenhaus and Palmeirim and colleagues. Lutkenhaus describes the way in which many bacteria localise their cell division plane through oscillations of Min proteins. Palmeirim and colleagues review oscillatory mechanisms underlying the segmentation of vertebrate embryos. The current resurgence in interest in interdisciplinary approaches to cell and molecular biology (often referred to as Systems Biology) stems in part from the increasing availability of system-wide data on the state of the components of cellular regulatory networks. A limiting factor in these approaches is often the lack of suitable ways of characterising a network state in terms of summary quantitative features. Without such features, it is typically difficult to gain new qualitative insight into the operating logic of all but the simplest networks. In this regard, oscillatory phenomena provide ideal exemplars for systems approaches, since oscillations have clear summary features (such as period, amplitude and phase) that prove invaluable in combining mathematical models with experimental data.

Note: Description based upon print version of record , CONTENTS; 1. CALCIUM OSCILLATIONS; Abstract; Introduction; Modelling Ca2+ Dynamics; Mechanistic Models; Homogenous Cell Models; Threshold Models; Stochastic Modelling; Concluding Remarks; 2. OSCILLATIONS BY THE p53-Mdm2 FEEDBACK LOOP; Abstract; Introduction; The p53-Mdm2 Negative Feedback Loop; Oscillations of p53 and Mdm2; The Mechanism of p53-Mdm2 Oscillations; Variability in the Response of Individual Cells; The Potential Function of p53 Oscillations; Conclusion and Key Questions in the Field; 3. cAMP OSCILLATIONS DURING AGGREGATION OF DICTYOSTELIUM; Abstract; Introduction , Proposed cAMP Oscillatory CircuitPeriodic Motility; Discussion; 4. MIN OSCILLATION IN BACTERIA; Abstract; Introduction; Z Ring; The Min System; The Oscillation; Biochemistry of Min Proteins; Models; Conclusions; 5. DEVELOPMENT ON TIME; Abstract; Somitogenesis Is a Strict Time-Controlled Embryonic Process; Time Control during Somite Formation: The Segmentation Clock; The Genetic Complexity Underlying the Segmentation Clock; The "Clock and Wavefront" Model; Temporal vs. Positional Information; Conclusions , 6. OSCILLATORY EXPRESSION OF Hes FAMILY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS: INSIGHTS FROM MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGAbstract; Delay-Driven Oscillations in Cellular Signaling Systems; Hesl as a Cellular Oscillator; Mathematical Modelling of the Hesl Oscillator; Properties of Delay-Driven Oscillations; Extended Models of Hes l Regulation; Spatio-Temporal Coordination of Oscillatory Dynamics; Discussion; 7. REVERSE ENGINEERING MODELS OF CELL CYCLE REGULATION; Abstract; Bottom-Up Modeling and Reverse Engineering; Physiology of the Cell Cycle; Three Cell Cycle States and Three Cell Cycle Transitions , Cell Cycle Transitions and Bifurcation PointsReverse Engineering the Molecular Regulatory Network; The Complete Bifurcation Diagram; Cell Cycles and Limit Cycles; Conclusion; 8. MITOCHONDRIAL OSCILLATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; Abstract; Introduction; The Mitochondrial Oscillator of Heart Cells: The Pathophysiological Domain; The Theoretical Approach; The Mitochondrial Oscillator in the Physiological Domain; Spatial Aspects: ROS and Mitochondrial Criticality; From Mitochondrial Dynamics to Whole Heart Arrhythmias; Conclusions; 9. RESPIRATORY OSCILLATIONS IN YEASTS; Abstract , IntroductionMinute-Long Oscillations in S. cerevisiae; Ultradian (t 3O-50min) Oscillations in Synchronous Cultures of Yeasts; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Candida utilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Self Synchronized Continuous Culture; Mitochondrial Respiratory Dynamics in Vivo During Growth; Oxidative Stress and Signalling by ROS; Circadian Oscillations in Yeasts; Other Oscillations; Functions of Oscillations; 10. STOCHASTIC PHASE OSCILLATOR MODELS FOR CIRCADIAN CLOCKS; Background; Mathematics of Phase Models; Theory vs. Data; Conclusion; INDEX;

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780387097930

Additional Edition: Buchausg. u.d.T. Holography in medicine and biology Berlin : Springer, 1979 ISBN 3540097937

Additional Edition: ISBN 0387097937

Language: English

Subjects: Physics , Biology , Medicine

Keywords: Holografie ; Biologie ; Holografie ; Medizin ; Holografie ; Medizin ; Holografie ; Biologie ; Holografie ; Biologie ; Medizin ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09794-7

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Cover

URL: Inhaltstext

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (digital)

ISBN: 9780387095998

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 637

Content: To understand the molecular mechanisms of XP, XP mouse models have been used, and mice deficient in XPA, XPC, XPD, XPG, XPF, and XPA/CSB have been produced and analysed. A recent elegant technique of targeting gene replacement in mouse embryonic stem cells has provided researchers with the ability to generate mutant mice defective in any specific gene(s). 32 Animals generated in this way display phenotypes and symptoms of XP patients, and have provided valuable tools to understand how and where the deficiency in DNA repair may lead to tumor formation, and also in studies of developmental biology and the aging process. Mouse studies have recently contributed to our understanding of the role of ink4a-Arf in increasing the risk of melanoma photocarcinogenesis in an XPC mutant background. As with many other genetic defects, the distribution of XP globally is not uniform. In most cases the frequency of mutation of a particular trait depends when and where a specific mutation arose, and the longer ago that is, the greater the frequency of mutant in the population unless some selective pressure prevailed. Another factor responsible for the high incidence of any mutation is consanguinity. One of the last chapters analyzes the world distribution of XP and shows that Japan has the highest incidence of XP and of varying complementation groups. After Japan perhaps Egypt suffers most from this inborn error. Here it is also shown that the most common complementation groups are XPA and XPC followed by XPV. XPB and XPE are least frequent. In a recent publication, however, 16 Japanese patients with XPV have been diagnosed and confirmed both clinically and at the cellular level. There is no evidence that interest in XP is waning, and this book should provide both the expert and novice researcher in the field with an excellent overview of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals.

Note: Description based upon print version of record , CONTENTS; 1. HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM AND NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR; Abstract; Historical Aspects; 2. CLINICAL FEATURES OF XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM; Background; Epidemiology; Dermatological Manifestations; Other Cancers in Xeroderma Pigmentosum; Neurological Manifestations; Ophthalmological Manifestations; Differential Diagnoses; Diagnosis of XP; Management; Prognosis; 3. XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM AND SKIN CANCER; Abstract; Introduction; XP Genetics and Skin Cancer; Cutaneous Malignancies in XP Patients; The Etiology of XP Skin Cancers and UV Hallmark Mutations , Tumor Suppressor GenesOncogene Activation in XP Skin Tumors; Modifications of the SHH Signaling Pathway Genes in XP BCC; Impaired Immune Response in XP Patients and Human Papilloma Virus; Conclusions; 4. XPA GENE, ITS PRODUCT AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Abstract; Introduction; XPA Gene; XPA Protein and Interactions with Other NER Factors; DNA-Binding Activity of XPA Protein; Recruitment of XPA to Active NER Complexes; Role of XPA-RPA Interactions; How Does XPA Protein Contribute to DNA Damage Recognition?; A Hypothesis for the Mechanism of Damage Verification by XPA , 5. XPB AND XPD BETWEEN TRANSCRIPTION AND DNA REPAIRIntroduction; Structure-Function Relationship; Role in Transcription; Role in NER; Other Roles of XPD; Lessons from Genetic Variations of XPB/XPD; 6. XPC: ITS PRODUCT AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Abstract; Introduction; XPC Is a Damage Recognition Factor in GG-NER; Roles for Other Subunits; Ubiquitination and Interaction with UV-DDB; Possible Functions of XPC beyond NER; 7. THE XPE GENE OF XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, ITS PRODUCT AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Discovery and Background; Expression and Regulation of DDB Protein; Mouse Model; Protein Interactions , DNA Binding of the DDB ComplexCurrent Models of DDB Function; Conclusion; 8. XPF/ERCC4 AND ERCC1: THEIR PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Introduction; XPF Patients, ERCC4 Mutant CeUs and Gene Cloning; Mouse Models with Relevance to XPF (Erccl and Ercc4); XPF in Nucleotide Excision Repair; ERCC4 in Immunoglobin Switching; ERCC4 in Crosslink Repair; ERCC4 in Telomeres; Summary; 9. XPG: ITS PRODUCTS AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Abstract; Introduction; Discovery and Cloning of XPG; Biochemical Properties of the XPG Protein; The Role of XPG in Nucleotide Excision Repair , Roles of XPG Outside of Nucleotide Excision RepairXP-G Patients and Their Mutant AUeles; XP Group G Patients without CS; Patients with Severe XP and CS Symptoms; XP-G Patients with Late-Onset CS Symptoms; Mouse Models with XPG Deficiency; Conclusion; 10. XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM VARIANT, XP-V: ITS PRODUCT AND BIOLOGICAL ROLES; Introduction; Human DNA Polymerases; XP-V Gene and Its Homologues; Structure and Activities of Polymerase r; Bypassing of Unusual Nucleotides by Pol r; Mutation in POLH and Its Effects; The Roles of Other Polymerases; Interaction of Pol T with Other Proteins , Mouse, Plant and Microbial Models for Pol r

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780387095981

Additional Edition: Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-0-387-09598-1

Language: English

Subjects: Biology

DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09599-8

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Cover

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (digital)

ISBN: 9780387859989

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 645

Content: This book covers all aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen metabolism. Special attention will be paid to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This book is multidisciplinary and designed to bring together experts and students from a range of research fields including biochemical engineering, physiology, microcirculation, and hematology.

Content: Covers various aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen metabolism. This book pays attention to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Selected conference papers , CONTENTS; AIR AND FIRE - Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Torbern Bergman, The Royal Society of Sciences and the discovery of oxygen in Uppsala in 1772; MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OXYGEN, NITRIC OXIDE AND SUPEROXIDE; HAEMOGLOBIN SATURATION CONTROLS THE RED BLOOD CELL MEDIATED HYPOXIC VASORELAXATION; BLOOD VESSEL SPECIFIC VASO-ACTIVITY TO NITRITE UNDER NORMOXIC AND HYPOXIC CONDITIONS; NITRITE-INDUCED IMPROVED BLOOD CIRCULATION ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN A POOL OF RBC-NO WITH NO BIOACTIVITY; THE CONTROL OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE ADRENAL GLAND (Y1) CELL LINE , REPLICATION OF MURINE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FOLLOWING IRRADIATIONEFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA ON BRAIN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, BLOOD FLOW, IONIC AND ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY MONITORED IN VIVO; THE INFLUENCE OF FLOW REDISTRIBUTION ON WORKING RAT MUSCLE OXYGENATION; HETEROGENEITY OF CAPILLARY SPACING IN THE HYPERTROPHIED PLANTARIS MUSCLE FROM YOUNG-ADULT AND OLD RATS; MICROVASCULARITY OF THE LUMBAR ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE DURING SUSTAINED PRONE TRUNK EXTENSION TEST; FIBER CAPILLARY SUPPLY RELATED TO FIBER SIZE ANDOXIDATIVE CAPACITY IN HUMAN AND RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE , NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TARGETING THE HIF-HRE SYSTEM IN THE KIDNEYCAROTID BODY SENSORY DISCHARGE AND GLOMUS CELL HIF-1a ARE REGULATED BY A COMMON OXYGEN SENSOR; IMPACT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ON THE EXPRESSION OF ADHESION MOLECULES IN VIVO; MINI SENSING CHIP FOR POINT-OF-CARE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DIAGNOSIS UTILIZING MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND NANO-TECHNOLOGY; A CHEMICAL BIOSYNTHESIS DESIGN FOR AN ANTIATHEROSCLEROSIS DRUG BY ACYCLIC TOCOPHEROL INTERMEDIATE ANALOGUE BASED ON "ISOPRENOMICS"; ZYMOGEN PROTEIN C CONCENTRATE FOR SAFER HETEROZYGOTE SURGERY, "I AM A GUINEA PIG!" , STEADY STATE REDOX LEVELS IN CYTOCHROME OXIDASE: RELEVANCE FOR IN VIVO NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS)BICUCULLINE-INDUCED SEIZURES: A CHALLENGE FOR OPTICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MODELING OF THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE CU A NIRS SIGNAL; A METHOD TO CALCULATE ARTERIAL AND VENOUS SATURATION FROM NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS); DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC TEST PHANTOM FOR OPTICAL TOPOGRAPHY; NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN CEREBRAL TISSUE; NON-INVASIVE ESTIMATION OF METABOLIC FLUX AND BLOOD FLOW IN WORKING MUSCLE: EFFECT OF BLOOD-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION , OXYGEN EXTRACTION INDEX MEASURED BY NEAR INFRAREDSPECTROSCOPY - A PARAMETER FOR MONITORING TISSUEOXYGENATION?NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE SUPERFICIAL CORTICAL OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE; ONE SENSOR FITS ALL - A NEW APPROACH IN MONITORING BRAIN PHYSIOLOGY; EVALUATION OF NIRS DATA BASED ON THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO CEREBRAL TISSUE; MYOCARDIAL CAPILLARY NET AND BLOOD CONSTITUENTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)- INDUCED DIABETIC RATS; EFFECTS OF PROINSULIN C-PEPTIDE ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT, UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION IN INSULINOPENIC DIABETIC SUBJECTS - A REVIEW , REDUCED OXYGENATION IN DIABETIC RAT KIDNEYS MEASURED BY T2* WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE MICRO-IMAGING , Air and fire : Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Torbern Bergman, the Royal Society of Sciences and the discovery of oxygen in Uppsala in 1772 , Haemoglobin saturation controls the red blood cell mediated hypoxic vasorelaxation , Blood vessel specific vaso-activity to nitrite under normoxic and hypoxic conditions , Nitrite-induced improved blood circulation associated with an increase in a pool of RBN-NO with NO bioactivity , The control of oxidative phosphorylation in the adrenal gland (Y1) cell line , Replication of murine mitochondrial DNA following irradiation , Effects of anesthesia on brain mitochondrial function, blood flow, ionic and electrical activity monitored in vivo , The influence of flow redistribution on working rat muscle oxygenation , Heterogeneity of capillary spacing in the hypertrophied plantaris muscle from young-adult and old rats , Microvascularity of the lumbar erector spinae muscle during sustained prone trunk extension test , Fiber capillary supply related to fiber size and oxidative capacity in human and rat skeletal muscle , Novel therapeutic approach targeting the HIF-HRE system in the kidney , Carotid body sensory discharge and glomus cell HIF-1[alpha] are regulated by a common oxygen sensor , Impact of reactive oxygen species on the expression of adhesion molecules in vivo , Mini sensing chip for point-of-care acute myocardial infarction diagnosis utilizing micro-electro-mechanical system and nano-technology , A chemical biosynthesis design for an antiatherosclerosis drug by acyclic tocopherol intermediate analogue based on "isoprenomics" , Zymogen protein C concentrate for safer heterozygote surgery, "I am a guinea pig!" , Steady state redox levels in cytochrome oxidase : relevance for in vivo near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) , Bicuculline-induced seizures : a challenge for optical and biochemical modeling of the cytochrome oxidase CUa NIRS signal , A method to calculate arterial and venous saturation from near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) , Development of a dynamic test phantom for optical topography , Numerical simulation of oxygen transport in cerebral tissue , Non-invasive estimation of metabolic flux and blood flow in working muscle : effect of blood-tissue distribution , Oxygen extraction index measured by near infrared spectroscopy : a parameter for monitoring tissue oxygenation? , Non-invasive measurement of the superficial cortical oxygen partial pressure , One sensor fits all : a new approach in monitoring brain physiology , Evaluation of NIRS data based on theoretical analysis of oxygen transport to cerebral tissue , Myocardial capillary net and blood constituents in streptozotocin (STZ- )-induced diabetic rats , Effects of proinsulin C-peptide on oxygen transport uptake and utilization in insulinopenic diabetic subjects : a review , Reduced oxygenation in diabetic rat kidneys measured by T2* weighted magnetic resonance micro-imaging , Identification and distribution of uncoupling protein isoforms in the normal and diabetic rat kidney , Iodinated contrast media decrease renomedullary blood flow : a possible cause of contrast media-induced nephropathy , C-peptide normalizes glomerular filtration rate in hyperfiltrating conscious diabetic rats , Lipoprotein nanoplatform for targeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents , Prognostic potential of the pre-therapeutic tumor oxygenation status , Histological basis of MR/optical imaging of human melanoma mouse xenografts spanning a range of metastatic potentials , The relationship between vascular oxygen distribution and tissue oxygenation , Intraoperative measurement of colonic oxygenation during bowel resection , Quantifying tumour hypoxia by PET imaging : a theoretical analysis , New measurements for assessment of impaired cerebral autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy , Single shot T₁p magnetic resonance imaging of metabolically generated water in vivo , Brain tissue oxygen consumption and supply induced by neural activation : determined under suppressed hemodynamic response conditions in the anesthetized rat cerebral cortex , Brain oxygen balance under various experimental pathophysiological conditions , Ketones suppress brain glucose consumption , False positives in functional near-infrared topography , Relationship between brain tissue haemodynamics, oxygenation, and metabolism in the healthy human adult brain during hyperoxia and hypercapnea , Use of a Codman microsensor intracranial pressure probe : effects on near infrared spectroscopy measurements and cerebral hemodynamics in rats , Effect of severe hypoxia on prefrontal cortex and muscle oxygenation responses at rest and during exhaustive exercise

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780387859972

Additional Edition: Buchausg. u.d.T. Oxygen transport to tissue ; 30 New York, NY : Springer, 2009 ISBN 9780387859972

Language: English

Subjects: Biology

Keywords: Sauerstofftransport ; Gewebestoffwechsel ; Sauerstofftransport ; Gewebestoffwechsel ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85998-9

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Cover

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource (digital)

ISBN: 9789048122592

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 648

Additional Edition: ISBN 9789048122585

Additional Edition: Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-90-481-2258-5

Language: English

Subjects: Biology

Keywords: Glomus caroticum ; Chemorezeptor

DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2259-2

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Cover