UID:
edocfu_9961535600902883
Umfang:
1 online resource (254 p.)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
0-309-17668-9
,
1-280-19318-2
,
9786610193189
,
0-309-58761-1
,
0-585-02173-2
Serie:
Medical innovation at the crossroads ; v. 5
Anmerkung:
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
,
Sources of Medical Technology: Universities and Industry -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- PART I Setting the Stage -- 1 The Changing Nature of Medical Technology Development -- ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESENT VOLUME -- IMPORTANCE OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS -- INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF MEDICAL R& -- D -- SOME CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Recent Trends in Support for Biomedical Research and Development -- BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDERS -- Federal Spending for Biomedical Research and Development -- Federal Spending for Medical Device Research and Development -- A Change in the Emphasis of Federal Spending -- Direct Federal Support for Industry -- Tax Credits on Incremental Research and Development -- Industry Spending for Biomedical Research and Development -- Research and Development Investments by Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies -- Research and Development Investments by the Medical Devices Industry -- FUNDING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND UNIVERSITIES -- FEDERAL EFFORTS TO ENCOURAGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- The Stevenson-Wydler and the Bayh-Dole Acts -- Federal Technology Transfer Act -- Consequences for University-Industry Relationships -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART II Medical Device Innovation -- 3 Physicians and Physicists: The Interdisciplinary Introduction of the Laser to Medicine -- THE LASER'S INVENTION -- PHOTOCOAGULATION -- FEAR OF INJURY -- POTENTIAL IN OPHTHALMOLOGY -- PHOTOCOAGULATORS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR -- MORE EARLY MEDICAL LASER RESEARCH -- THE MEDICAL LASER INDUSTRY TODAY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- TECHNICAL APPENDIX -- 4 From the Scalpel to the Scope: Endoscopic Innovations in Gastroenterology, Gynecology, and Surgery -- FIBER OPTICS AND GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY.
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The Fiber-Optic Era -- Further Refinements and New Clinical Applications -- GYNECOLOGICAL LAPAROSCOPY: THE CASE OF SURGICAL CONTRACEPTION -- Developing and Establishing the Clinical Value of First-Generation Gynecological Laparoscopes (1945... -- Development of Second- and Third-Generation Procedures (1970s and 1980s) -- THE SURGEON AND ENDOSCOPY: LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY -- SOME CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS AND SPECULATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Cochlear Implantation: Establishing Clinical Feasibility, 1957-1982 -- THE IDEA OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN EAR -- APPROACHES TO IMPLANTATION -- NEW BEGINNINGS: COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN THE 1970S -- Work by House, Simmons, and Michelson -- Climate of Conflicting Opinions -- Developing Interest Abroad -- Threshold of a New Era -- THE "CLINICIANS," THE "EXPERIMENTALISTS," AND THE ESTABLISHING OF CLINICAL FEASIBILITY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Innovation in Cardiac Imaging -- OVERVIEW OF CARDIAC IMAGING -- Nuclear Cardiology -- Echocardiography -- THE INNOVATION PROCESS -- Examples from Echocardiography and Nuclear Cardiology -- Concept -- Prototype -- Commercialization -- Diffusion -- Refinement -- BARRIERS TO INNOVATION -- CONCLUSION: MOVING TOWARD AN OPTIMAL R& -- D PROGRAM IN AN INDUSTRIAL FIRM -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A -- Thallium Imaging -- APPENDIX B -- Tc-99 Sestamibi Tracer -- APPENDIX C -- Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography -- APPENDIX D -- Transesophageal Echocardiography -- APPENDIX E -- Acoustic Quantification -- APPENDIX F -- Color Flow -- PART III Biotechnology Innovation -- 7 Incentives and Focus in University and Industrial Research: The Case of Synthetic Insulin -- THE EMERGENCE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING -- RESEARCH COORDINATORS -- A SHORT HISTORY OF THE RDNA INSULIN RESEARCH PROJECTS -- THE ROLE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH.
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Biochemistry and Molecular Biology -- Organic Chemistry and Molecular Biology -- Interactions with the Wider Medical and Scientific Community -- The Nature of Interdisciplinary Research -- THE ROLE OF INTERINSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH -- Academic Collaboration -- Financial Linkages -- ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS -- The Existence of Heterogeneous Incentives -- The Consequences of Heterogeneous Incentives -- Interlab Competition -- Conclusions: Consequences of Insulin Research for Future University-Industry Interactions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 The Division of Innovative Labor in Biotechnology -- PARTICIPANTS IN THE DIVISION OF INNOVATIVE LABOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGY -- COLLABORATION STRATEGIES OF LARGE FIRMS -- EVALUATING AND USING TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION -- THE DIVISION OF INNOVATIVE LABOR: TRANSIENT AND UNDESIRABLE? -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Concluding Observations -- 9 Perspectives on Industrial R& -- D Management -- THE CHANGING RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT -- THE EVOLVING SCIENCE BASE -- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 The Intertwining of Public and Proprietary in Medical Technology -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Workshop Agenda -- THE UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERFACE AND MEDICAL INNOVATION -- Appendix B Contributors -- Index.
,
English
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-309-05189-4
Sprache:
Englisch
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