Umfang:
1 online resource (930 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780521885577
,
9780511399169
Inhalt:
Three decades of astonishing and unexpected growth have rocketed China's economy from poverty to growing prosperity. The editors explain why China's economy grew so rapidly in spite of many weaknesses and show how China's boom began and how it was extended
Anmerkung:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- ONE China's Great Economic Transformation -- BACKGROUND: CHINA'S ECONOMY PRIOR TO THE START OF ECONOMIC REFORM -- KEY FACTORS IN CHINA'S REFORM SUCCESS -- KEY ELEMENTS IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CHINESE REFORM -- Broad Guidelines -What They Can and Cannot Do -- Decentralized Experimentation -- Political Competition -- Pro-Growth Coalition -- CONCLUSION -- References -- TWO China and Development Economics -- CHINA'S COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE LOOK -- Demography -- Measurement of GDP: Prices and Other Considerations -- Growth Rates and Productivity Levels -- Savings Rate -- Education, Energy, and Resources -- Income Distribution -- Regional Income Differences -- Household Distribution of Income -- COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: GOVERNANCE ISSUES -- Prescriptive and Proscriptive Roles of Government -- Corruption and Governance -- Correlates of Corruption -- Features of Corrupt Administrations -- Poorly Defined Property Rights and Corruption -- Concluding Governance -- AGRICULTURE AND LAND TENURE -- Land Tenure and Development -- Land Tenure in China -- RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION -- The Role of Rural Industry in China's Development -- Explaining the Rise of China's Rural Industries -- Lessons from the Chinese Experience -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- THREE China in Light of the Performance of the Transition Economies -- INTRODUCTION -- STRATEGIES FOR TRANSITION -- Privatization -- Banking System -- Labor and Social Institutions -- Legal System and Institutions -- PERFORMANCE OF CHINA AND THE CEE AND CIS ECONOMIES -- Gross Domestic Product -- Inflation -- Exchange Rates, Current Account, and Exports -- External Debt and Financial Crises -- Budget and Taxes -- Privatization and Creation of New Firms
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Domestic and Foreign Investment -- Employment Adjustment, Wage Setting, Unemployment, and Income Distribution -- Assessment by the Financial Markets -- CONCLUSION -- References -- FOUR A Political Economy of China's Economic Transition -- ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME -- The Starting Point: The Command Economy Equilibrium -- The Political Challenge of Transition -- The Initial Steps -- THE FIRST PERIOD OF TRANSITION, 1978 THROUGH 1993 -- The Structure of Power at the Top -- The Overall Policy Regime -- The Pattern of Reform Initiatives -- Reform Outcomes -- Adapting the System: Rebuilding Hierarchy and the Patronage System -- The Structure of Power at the Center -- The Overall Policy Regime -- The Pattern of ReformInitiatives: Radical Restructuring and Marketization -- Reform Outcomes -- Adapting the System: Rebuilding Hierarchy and Patronage Resources -- CONCLUSION: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY CHINA -- References -- FIVE The Demographic Factor in China's Transition -- TWO AND A HALF DECADES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE -- Institutional Background of Demographic Change -- Major Indicators of Demographic Change -- Population Growth and Fertility -- Mortality and Health -- Migration and Urbanization -- Household Type and Living Arrangement -- IS CHINA'S FERTILITY DECLINE YIELDING DIVIDENDS? -- The First Dividend -- Population Aging and the Second Dividend -- SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE -- Rising Sex Ratio and Female Child Survival -- Social Stratification in Marriage -- Regional Disparities -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX: CALCULATING THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND -- THE FIRST DIVIDEND -- THE SECOND DIVIDEND -- References -- SIX The Chinese Labor Market in the Reform Era -- INTRODUCTION -- ECONOMIC REFORM AND THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S LABOR MARKET -- Antecedents: The Socialist Labor System under Planning
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NINE Science and Technology in China -- INTRODUCTION -- CHINA'S S& -- T SYSTEM IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- The Pre-1949 Period -- The Socialist Era -- The Reform Period -- CHINA'S S& -- T LEVEL IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT -- Measures of Innovation Effort -- R& -- D Intensity -- Scientists and Engineers -- Basic Research -- Measures of S& -- T Achievement -- Patenting -- International Scientific Publications -- Export Quality -- Regional Distribution of S& -- T Effort -- THE SHIFTING LOCUS OF R& -- D ACTIVITY -- The Enterprise Sector -- The Research Institutes -- Universities -- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FOREIGN SECTOR: DIRECT AND INDIRECT -- Role of Foreign-Funded R& -- D -- Role of FDI -- Role of Imported Technology Markets -- GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS IN SUPPORT OF S& -- T -- Organization -- Government Programs -- Incentives for the Enterprise Sector -- The Patent System -- Technology Standards -- CASE STUDIES -- Semiconductors -- State of the Technology -- Strategic Issues for Catch-Up -- Role of Policy -- Automobile Industry -- State of Technological Development -- Strategic Issues for Catch-Up -- The Role of Policy -- WHAT HAS BEEN THE IMPACT OF R& -- D ON CHINA'S ECONOMY? -- The Returns to R& -- D -- Hu and Jefferson (2004a) -- Cheung and Lin (2004) -- Jefferson, Bai, Guan, and Yu (2004) -- Jefferson and Zhong (2004) -- Fisher-Vanden and Jefferson (2006) -- The Factor Bias of R& -- D -- HOW SUSTAINABLE IS THE GROWTH OF CHINA'S S& -- T ACTIVITY? -- Why So Early? -- High Rates of Literacy -- Market Size -- Proximity to Dynamic Economies -- CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION -- References -- TEN The Political Economy of Private-Sector Development in China -- THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN CHINA -- Private-Sector Survey Data on Financial Constraints -- Fixed-Asset Investment Indicators -- DISCUSSION
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Rural Reforms, 1978-1984 -- Industrial Reform and the Rise of TVEs, 1985-1992 -- Rapid Growth and Marketization, 1993-1996 -- Economic Restructuring and Globalization, 1997 to Present -- EMPLOYMENT -- Trends in Unemployment and Labor Force Participation -- Causes of Unemployment and Slow Job Creation -- Employment Adjustments by Enterprises -- TheWelfare of Dislocated Workers -- WAGES -- Trends in Wages during the Reform Period -- The Returns to Human Capital -- Gender-Wage Gap -- Interfirm Wage Differences -- EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON LABOR MOBILITY -- Rural Labor Mobility -- Interregional Labor Mobility -- Informalization and JobMobility Across Ownership Sectors -- CONCLUSION -- References -- SEVEN Education in the Reform Era -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKDROP: EDUCATION DURING THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION -- EDUCATIONAL PROVISION UNDER MARKET REFORMS: POLICIES, FINANCE, AND QUALITY -- Educational Policies -- Finance -- Quality -- EDUCATIONAL PARTICIPATION AND ATTAINMENT -- Past Expansions and the Educational Attainment of the Adult Population -- Reform Era Changes in the Level and Composition of Enrollment -- Enrollment and Attainment Disparities in the Reform Era -- Gender -- Socioeconomic Status -- Geography -- Ethnicity -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- EIGHT Environmental Resources and Economic Growth -- INTRODUCTION -- POLLUTION -- Air Pollution -- The Environmental Kuznets Curve -- Water Pollution -- NATURAL CAPITAL -- Forests -- Water -- Soil -- Energy -- Other Resources -- Fisheries -- Minerals -- NATURAL RESOURCES KUZNETS CURVE -- Natural Resources Kuznets Curve Theory -- NRKC Empirics -- GREEN NET NATIONAL PRODUCT -- GNNP: Theory -- GNNP: Empirics -- GENUINE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION -- Genuine Capital Accumulation: Theory -- Genuine Capital Accumulation: Empirics -- POLICY ENVIRONMENT -- CONCLUSION -- References
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State and Private Sector in China: Reconciling with Existing Research -- Comparison with the East Asian NIEs -- CONCLUSION -- References -- ELEVEN The Role of Law in China's Economic Development -- INTRODUCTION -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAW DURING THE ERA OF ECONOMIC REFORM -- The Place of Law in the Early Years of Reform -- The Economy and the Law Coevolve -- The Development of Economic Law: A Timeline -- 1978-1984 -- 1985-1989 -- 1989-1992 -- 1992-present -- The Formal Legal System Today and Its Problems -- The Future -- ARE PROPERTY RIGHTS SECURE? DO THEY MATTER? -- TRANSACTIONS IN GOODS AND SERVICES -- Early Reforms: Incremental Liberalization Supporting Exchange Relationships -- Evolution of Contract Law -- Making Agreements -- Dispute Resolution -- Negotiation andMediation -- Arbitration -- Litigation -- Judgments and Their Enforcement -- Summary -- CORPORATE GOVERNANCE -- The Early Years of Reform: State Ownership and Managerial Incentives -- The Early Years of Reform: Anonymous Banking and the Flow of Finance -- The Role of Corporate Governance in Facilitating the Flow of Finance -- Summary and Reflections -- References -- TWELVE China's Fiscal System: AWork in Progress -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISCAL SYSTEM -- The Starting Point -- The Decline of the Budget, 1978-1993 -- The 1994 Reform -- TaxModernization -- The Tax-Sharing System -- Tax Administration -- Overview of the Reform -- A System in Transition -- MOBILIZING PUBLIC-SECTOR RESOURCES -- The Tax System -- Outside the Budget -- What Are EBF? -- The Effects of EBF -- SPENDING AND SERVICES -- Budget Reform -- Public Service Delivery -- THE KEY TO THE FISCAL FUTURE: INTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCE -- Growing Fiscal Disparities -- The Tenuous Link between Transfers and Services -- CHINA IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE -- PUBLIC FINANCE MATTERS -- References
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THIRTEEN Agriculture in China's Development Past Disappointments, Recent Successes, and Future Challenges
Weitere Ausg.:
Print version Brandt, Loren China's Great Economic Transformation New York : Cambridge University Press,c2008 ISBN 9780521885577
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwort(e):
Electronic books
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