Umfang:
XV, 433 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
3540593489
Anmerkung:
MAB0014.001: M 98.0363
,
MAB0014.001: AWI G8-96-0626
,
Contents
I Review of Current Concepts
1 Introduction
1.1 Sequence Stratigraphy: A New Paradigm?
1.2 From Sloss to Vail
1.3 Problems and Research Trends: The Current Status
1.4 Stratigraphic Terminology
2 Methods for Studying Sequence Stratigraphy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Erecting a Sequence Framework
2.2.1 The Importance of Unconformities
2.2.2 Facies Cycles
2.2.3 Stratigraphic Architecture: The Seismic Method
2.3 Methods for Assessing Regional and Global Changes in Sea Level, Other Than Seismic Stratigraphy
2.3.1 Areas and Volumes of Stratigraphic Units
2.3.2 Hypsometric Curves
2.3.3 Backstripping
2.3.4 Sea-Level Estimation from Paleoshorelines and Other Fixed Points
2.3.5 Documentation of Meter-Scale Cycles
2.4 Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis
3 The Four Basic Types of Stratigraphic Cycle
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Supercontinent Cycle
3.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
3.4 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
3.5 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
4 The Basic Sequence Model
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Terminology
4.3 Depositional Systems and Systems Tracts
4.4 Sequence Boundaries
4.5 Other Sequence Concepts
5 The Global Cycle Chart
II The Stratigraphic Framework
6 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens to Hundreds of Millions of Years
6.1 Climate, Sedimentation, and Biogenesis
6.2 The Supercontinent Cycle
6.2.1 The Tectonic-Stratigraphic Model
6.2.2 The Phanerozoic Record
6.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
6.3.1 Intercontinental Correlations
6.3.2 Tectonostratigraphic Sequences
6.4 Main Conclusions
7 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
7.1 Extensional and Rifted Clastic Continental Margins
7.2 Foreland Basin of the North American Western Interior
7.3 Other Foreland Basins
7.4 Forearc Basins
7.5 Backarc Basins
7.6 Cyclothems and Mesothems
7;7 Carbonate Cycles of Platforms and Craton Margins
7.8 Evidence of Cyclicity in the Deep Oceans
7.9 Main Conclusions
8 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Neogene Clastic Cycles of Continental Margins
8.3 Pre-Neogene Marine Carbonate and Clastic Cycles
8.4 Late Paleozoic Cyclothems
8.5 Lacustrine elastic and Chemical Rhythms
8.6 Clastic Cycles of Foreland Basins
8.7 Main Conclusions
III Mechanisms
9 Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny
9.1 Mantle Processes and Dynamic Topography
9.2 Supercontinent Cycles
9.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Tens of Millions of Years
9.3.1 Eustasy
9.3.2 Dynamic Topography and Epeirogeny
9.4 Main Conclusions
10 Milankovitch Processes
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Nature of Milankovitch Processes
10.2.1 Components of Orbital Forcing
10.2.2 Basic Climatology
10.2.3 Variations with Time in Orbital Periodicities
10.2.4 Isostasy and Geoid Changes
10.2.5 The Nature of the Cyclostratigraphic Data Base
10.2.6 The Sensitivity of the Earth to Glaciation
10.2.7 Glacioeustasy in the Mesozoic?
10.2.8 Nonglacial Milankovitch Cyclicity
10.3 The Cenozoic Record
10.4 Late Paleozoic Cyclothems
10.5 The End-Ordovician Glaciation
10.6 Main Conclusions
11 Tectonic Mechanisms
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Rifting and Thermal Evolution of Divergent Plate Margins
11.2.1 Basic Geophysical Models and Their Implications for Sea-Level Change
11.2.2 Some Results from the Analysis of Modern Data Sets
11.3 Tectonism on Convergent Plate Margins and in Collision Zones
11.3.1 Magmatic Arcs and Subduction
11.3.2 Tectonism Versus Eustasy in Foreland Basins
11.3.2.1 The North American Western Interior Basin
11.3.2.2 The Appalachian Foreland Basin
11.3.2.3 Pyrenean and Himalayan Basins
11.3.3 Rates of Uplift and Subsidence
11.3.4 Discussion
11.4 Intraplate Stress
11.4.1 The Pattern of Global Stress
11.4.2 In-Plane Stress as a Control of Sequence Architecture
11.4.3 In-Plane Stress and Regional Histories of Sea-Level Change
11.5 Basement Control
11.6 Other Speculative Tectonic Hypotheses
11.7 Sediment Supply and the Importance of Big Rivers
11.8 Environmental Change
11.9 Main Conclusions
IV Chronostratigraphy and Correlation: Why the Global Cycle Chart Should Be Abandoned
12 Time in Sequence Stratigraphy
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hierarchies of Time and the Completeness of the Stratigraphic Record
12.3 Main Conclusions
13 Correlation, and the Potential for Error
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The New Paradigm of Geological Time?
13.3 The Dating and Correlation of Stratigraphic Events: Potential Sources of Uncertainty
13.3.1 Identification of Sequence Boundaries
13.3.2 Chronostratigraphic Meaning of Unconformities
13.3.3 Determination of the Biostratigraphic Framework
13.3.3.1 The Problem of Incomplete Biostratigraphic Recovery
13.3.3.2 Diachroneity of the Biostratigraphic Record
13.3.4 The Value of Quantitative Biostratigraphic Methods
13.3.5 Assessment of Relative Biostratigraphic Precision
13.3.6 Correlation of Biozones with the Global Stage Framework
13.3.7 Assignment of Absolute Ages
13.3.8 Implications for the Exxon Global Cycle Chart
13.4 Correlating Regional Sequence Frameworks with the Global Cycle Chart
13.4.1 Circular Reasoning from Regional Data
13.4.2 A Rigorous Test of the Global Cycle Chart
13.4.3 A Correlation Experiment
13.4.4 Discussion
13.5 Main Conclusions
14 Sea-Level Curves Compared
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Exxon Curves: Revisions, Errors, and Uncertainties
14.3 Other Sea-Level Curves
14.3.1 Cretaceous Sea-Level Curves
14.3.2 Jurassic Sea-Level Curves
14.3.3 Why Does the Exxon Global Cycle Chart Contain So Many More Events Than Other Sea-Level Curves?
14.4 Main Conclusions
V Approaches to a Modern Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework
15 Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Definitions
15.2.1 The Hierarchy of Units and Bounding Surfaces
15.2.2 Systems Tracts and Sequence Boundaries
15.3 The Sequence Stratigraphy of Clastic Depositional Systems
15.3.1 Pluvial Deposits and Their Relationship to Sea-Level Change
15.3.2 The Concept of the Bayline
15.3.3 Deltas, Beach-Barrier Systems, and Estuaries
15.3.4 Shelf Systems: Sand Shoals and Condensed Sections
15.3.5 Slope and Rise Systems
15.4 The Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Depositional Systems
15.4.1 Platform Carbonates: Catch-Up Versus Keep-Up
15.4.2 Carbonate Slopes
15.4.3 Pelagic Carbonate Environments
15.5 Main Conclusions
16 Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Sequences
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Model Design
16.3 Selected Examples of Model Results
16.4 Main Conclusions
VI Discussion and Conclusions
17 Implications for Petroleum Geology
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Integrated Tectonic-Stratigraphic Analysis
17.2.1 The Basis of the Methodology
17.2.2 The Development of an Allostratigraphic Framework
17.2.3 Choice of Sequence-Stratigraphic Models
17.2.4 The Search for Mechanisms
17.2.5 Reservoir Characterization
17.3 Controversies in Practical Sequence Analysis
17.3.1 The Case of the Tocito Sandstone, New Mexico
17.3.2 The Case of Gippsland Basin, Australia
17.3.3 Conclusions: A Modified Approach to Sequence Analysis for Practicing Petroleum Geologists and Geophysicists
17.4 Main Conclusions
18 Conclusions and Recommendations
18.1 Sequences in the Stratigraphic Record
18.1.1 Long-Term Stratigraphic Cycles
18.1.2 Cycles with Million-Year Episodicities
18.1.3 Cycles with Episodicities of Less Than One Million Years
18.2 Mechanisms
18.2.1 Long-Term Eustasy and Epeirogeny
18.2.2 Milankovitch Processes
18.2.3 Tectonic Mechanisms
18.3 Chronostratigraphy and Correlation
18.3.1 Concepts of Time
18.3.2 Correlation Problems, and the Basis of the Global Cycle Chart
18.3.3 Comparison of Sea-Level Curves
18.4 Modern Sequence Analysis
18.4.1 Elaboration of the Basic Sequence Model
18.4.2 Numerical and Graphical Modeling of Stratigraphic Sequences
18.5 Implications for Petroleum Geology
18.6 The Global-Eustasy Paradigm: Working Backwards from the Answer?
18.6.1 The Exxon Factor
18.6.2 Conclusions .
18.7 Recommendations
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwort(e):
Lehrbuch
URL:
http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/exlibris/aleph/a23_1/apache_media/3UPUQTPX5452YCB8J22YTRHAJ96AD4.pdf
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