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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (6)
  • Asia - CrossAsia  (6)
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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (6)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic analysis of Tibetan ground tits identifies molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 2023-08-24), p. 620-630
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 2023-08-24), p. 620-630
    Abstract: Cooperative breeding is a sophisticated altruistic social behavior that helps social animals to adapt to harsh environments. The Tibetan ground tit, Pseudopodoces humilis, is a high-altitude bird endemic to the Tibetan plateau. Recently, it has become an exciting system for studying the evolution of facultative cooperative breeding. To test for molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding, we resequenced the whole genome of ground tits from 6 wild populations that display remarkable variation in the frequency of cooperative breeding. Population structure analyses showed that the 6 populations were divided into 4 lineages, which is congruent with the major geographical distribution of the sampling sites. Using genome-wide selective sweep analysis, we identified putative positively selected genes (PSGs) in groups of tits that displayed high and low cooperative breeding rates. The total number of PSGs varied from 146 to 722 in high cooperative breeding rate populations, and from 272 to 752 in low cooperative breeding rate populations. Functional enrichment analysis of these PSGs identified several significantly enriched ontologies related to oxytocin signaling, estrogen signaling, and insulin secretion. PSGs involved in these functional ontologies suggest that molecular adaptations in hormonal regulation may have played important roles in shaping the evolution of cooperative breeding in the ground tit. Taken together, our study provides candidate genes and functional ontologies involved in molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding in Tibetan ground tits, and calls for a better understanding of the genetic roles in the evolution of cooperative breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1674-5507 , 2396-9814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac067
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Azure-winged magpies solve string-pulling tasks by partial understanding of the physical cognition
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2019-08-01), p. 385-392
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2019-08-01), p. 385-392
    Abstract: String-pulling is one of the most widely used paradigms in animal cognition research. We investigated how azure-winged magpies Cyanopica cyanus solve multiple-string problems that they have never encountered before. In Experiment 1, the strings were arranged in parallel, slanted, or crossed to investigate what rules azure-winged magpies use to solve multiple spatial relations of strings. Experiment 2 assessed whether the subjects understood the connection between the string and the bait while taking advantage of broken strings. In Experiment 3, the subjects were confronted with strings of different lengths attached to rewards in order to explore whether the string length, as a proxy for the pulling efficiency or reward distance, was crucial for the birds’ choice of which string to pull. Generally, the birds were successful in tasks where the reward was close to the correct string’s end, and they relied on a “proximity rule” in most cases. The results showed that azure-winged magpies had a partial understanding of the physical principles underlying the string-pulling but were stumped by complex spatial relations. They likely relied on simple strategies such as the proximity rule to solve the tasks. The effects of individual difference and experiential learning on string-pulling performance are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy070
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breeding ecology of ground tits in northeastern Tibetan plateau, with special reference to cooperative breeding system
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2011-12-01), p. 751-757
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 57, No. 6 ( 2011-12-01), p. 751-757
    Abstract: Data on breeding ecology of a color-band marked population of the ground tit Parus humilis were collected in north Qinghai on the Tibetan plateau, during 2008 and 2009. In spring the birds excavated 0.8-3.2 m long nesting burrows under the ground. First-egg laying occurred between late April and late June during which a pair produced one brood. Incubation was done by female alone for 15-16 days and nestling-feeding by both sexes and helpers in any for 23-25 days. Average brood size at fledging was 5.8 (± 1.4 SD, 3-8) and all the 27 observed nesting attempts fledged at least one young. At the population level, brood sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The birds are a territory-living resident, with annual resight rates being 48% (22 of 46) in adult breeders and 10% (7 of 67) in yearlings. Pairs were socially monogamous, of which 23% (9 of 40) contained one and sometimes two male helpers, most likely being philopatric sons of the breeders. The formation of cooperative groups is similar to the population in central Tibet but differs from that in south Guansu where breeding ground tits exhibit a high level of annual turnover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9814 , 1674-5507
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/czoolo/57.6.751
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consistent habitat preference underpins the geographically divergent autumn migration of individual Mongolian common shelducks
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2020-08-01), p. 355-362
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2020-08-01), p. 355-362
    Abstract: While many avian populations follow narrow, well-defined “migratory corridors,” individuals from other populations undertake highly divergent individual migration routes, using widely dispersed stopover sites en route between breeding and wintering areas, although the reasons for these differences are rarely investigated. We combined individual GPS-tracked migration data from Mongolian-breeding common shelduck Tadorna tadorna and remote sensing datasets, to investigate habitat selection at inland stopover sites used by these birds during dispersed autumn migration, to explain their divergent migration patterns. We used generalized linear mixed models to investigate population-level resource selection, and generalized linear models to investigate stopover-site-level resource selection. The population-level model showed that water recurrence had the strongest positive effect on determining birds’ occupancy at staging sites, while cultivated land and grassland land cover type had strongest negative effects; effects of other land cover types were negative but weaker, particularly effects of water seasonality and presence of a human footprint, which were positive but weak or non-significant, respectively. Although stopover-site-level models showed variable resource selection patterns, the variance partitioning and cross-prediction AUC scores corroborated high inter-individual consistency in habitat selection at inland stopover sites during the dispersed autumn migration. These results suggest that the geographically widespread distribution (and generally rarity) of suitable habitats explained the spatially divergent autumn migrations of Mongolian breeding common shelduck, rather than the species showing flexible autumn staging habitat occupancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1674-5507 , 2396-9814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz056
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bachelor groups in primate multilevel society facilitate gene flow across fragmented habitats
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2020-04-01), p. 113-122
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2020-04-01), p. 113-122
    Abstract: In the face of ongoing habitat fragmentation, many primate species have experienced reduced gene flow resulting in a reduction of genetic diversity, population bottlenecks, and inbreeding depression, including golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana. Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in a multilevel society composed of several 1 male harem units that aggregate to form a cohesive breeding band, which is followed by one or more bachelor groups composed of juvenile, subadult, and adult male members. In this research, we examine the continuous landscape resistance surface, the genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band in the Qinling Mountains, China. Landscape surface modeling suggested that human activities and ecological factors severely limit the movement of individuals among breeding bands. Although these conditions are expected to result in reduced gene flow, reduced genetic diversity, and an increased opportunity for a genetic bottleneck, based on population genetic analyses of 13 microsatellite loci from 188 individuals inhabiting 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band, we found high levels of genetic diversity but low levels of genetic divergence, as well as high rates of gene flow between males residing in the all-male band and each of the 4 breeding bands. Our results indicate that the movement of bachelor males across the landscape, along with their association with several different breeding bands, appears to provide a mechanism for promoting gene flows and maintaining genetic diversity that may counteract the otherwise isolating effects of habitat fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unveiling the roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in phenotypic differentiation of parapatric frogs
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Current Zoology Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2020-08-01), p. 383-392
    Details
    In: Current Zoology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2020-08-01), p. 383-392
    Abstract: Understanding how ecological processes affect phenotypic evolution has been and continues to be an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Interspecific competition for resources can be a selective force driving phenotypic differentiation that reduces competition among sympatric species (character divergence), enabling closely-related species to coexist. However, although patterns of character divergence are well documented in both empirical and theoretical researches, how local adaptation to abiotic environment affects trait evolution in the face of interspecific competition is less known. Here, we investigate how patterns in morphological traits of 2 parapatric frog species, Feirana quadranus and F. taihangnica, vary among allopatric and sympatric regions using range-wide data derived from extensive field surveys. Feirana quadranus was overall larger than F. taihangnica in body size (i.e., snout–vent length [SVL]), and the difference between SVL of both species in sympatry was larger than that in allopatry. From allopatry to sympatry, the 2 species diverged in foot and hand traits, but converged in eye size and interorbital span, even when we controlled for the effects of geographic gradients. Sympatric divergence in SVL, hand and foot traits is likely acting as a case of evolutionary shift caused by interspecific competition. In contrast, sympatric convergence of eye-related traits may derive at least partly from adaptation to local environments. These results imply the relative roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in shaping phenotypic diversification. Our findings illustrate how traits evolve in parapatric species pair due to sympatric divergent and convergent evolution. It thus provides insights into understanding underlying evolutionary processes of parapatric species, that is, competition and local adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1674-5507 , 2396-9814
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628880-1
    SSG: 12
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