Umfang:
xxiii, 580 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Ausgabe:
First published
ISBN:
0521473349
,
0-521-47334-9
Serie:
Studies in Polar research
Originaltitel:
Obščaja geokriologija 〈engl.〉
Inhalt:
This translation of the classic Russian work on geocryology makes available for the first time in English a wide ranging and up-to-date review of permafrost science, unique in presenting the Russian viewpoint. This revealing account demonstrates how the field developed in the former USSR (largely in isolation from related studies elsewhere), and provides a fascinating insight into the extent of Russian scientific involvement and input. The fundamental physics of frozen ground, geotechnical procedures for construction problems, distribution of permafrost in terms of geological history, and planetary geocryology are all considered. This English edition brings the work to a larger readership, allowing the value of the knowledge and concepts developed to be realised more widely.
Anmerkung:
MAB0014.001: AWI G3-98-0301
,
Contents
Editor's note
Acknowledgements
page xu
Notes on translations and definitions
Abstract
Preface
Introduction
1 Geocryology as part of planetary cryology
2 Frozen rocks as natural-historical geological formations
3 History of research of the zone of permafrost and the frozen materials composing this zone
4 Structure, problems and scientific themes of geocryology
5 Methodological basis of geocryology
I Thermal-physical, physico-chemical and mechanical processes in freezing, frozen and thawing ground and their manifestation in the permafrost regions
1 Thermal-physical processes in freezing and thawing ground
1.1 Heat transfer and temperature field in ground
1.2 Freezing (crystallization) of water and melting of ice in the ground
1.3 Sublimation and desublimation of moisture in frozen rocks
1.4 Freezing and thawing of ground
1.5 Methods for solving soil freezing (thawing) problems and approximate formulae for freezing and thawing depth calculations
2 Water transfer and ice formation in soils
2.1 Nature and mechanism of moisture migration in soils
2.2 Water transfer and ice formation in frozen soil
2.3 Water transfer and ice formation in freezing and thawing soils
3 Physico-chemical and mechanical processes in freezing and thawing ground
3.1 Chemical reactions and processes in freezing and thawing soils
3.2 Physico-chemical and mechanical processes in freezing and thawing soils
3.3 Physical-mechanical processes in frozen soils caused by changes in temperature
3.4 Physical and chemical processes in frozen soils caused by an external load
4 Structure and texture of freezing and thawing soils
4.1 Thermal-physical and physical-mechanical conditions of development of migrational-segregated ice interlayers
4.2 Basic types of cryogenic structure
4.3 Formation of structure in freezing and thawing soils
4.4 Structural associations and types of contact in frozen soils
5 Cryogenic geological processes and phenomena
5.1 Classification of processes and phenomena
5.2 Frost heaving of soils
5.3 Frost cracking (fissuring) and polygonal formations, surface and underground
5.4 Thermokarst
5.5 Slope processes and phenomena
5.6 Processes and effects associated with the activity of water, glaciers and other geological agents
II Composition, cryogenic structure and properties of frozen rocks
6 Formation of sedimentary materials in the permafrost regions (cryolithogenesis)
6.1 Sediment genesis in the permafrost regions
6.2 Transformation of loose deposits of the permafrost regions into rock
6.3 Formation of useful mineral deposits at different stages of cryogenesis
7 Composition and structure of frozen earth materials
7.1 Characteristics of organic, mineral and chemical composition of frozen earth materials
7.2 Unfrozen water and ice in ground
7.3 Textural characteristics of the frozen material
7.4 Microstructure of frozen soils
8 Properties of frozen soils
8.1 Physical properties of the frozen materials
8.2 Thermal-physical properties of rocks
8.3 Moisture exchange properties of soils
8.4 Mechanical properties of frozen ground
9 Characteristics of the basic genetic types of frozen ground
9.1 Features of the cryogenic types of frozen strata
9.2 Composition and cryogenic structure of the principal geologic-genetic types of sedimentary materials in the permafrost regions
9.3 Natural ice as a monomineral rock
III Principles of the formation and development of the frozen strata and layers of seasonal freezing and thawing
10 Thermodynamic and climatic conditions for formation of the frozen layers
10.1 Energy balance of the Earth
10.2 Thermodynamic conditions for development of seasonally and perennially frozen ground
10.3 Frozen ground as a result of zonation of thermal- and mass-exchange processes on the Earth's surface and in the atmosphere
11 Seasonal freezing and thawing of ground
11.1 Formation of the layer of seasonal freezing and thawing of soil
11.2 Types of seasonal freezing and thawing of the ground
11.3 The influence oflandscape-climatic factors on the temperature regime and depth of seasonal freezing and thawing of the ground
12 Development of the temperature regime and the thickness of the permafrost
12.1 Present-day knowledge of the development of permafrost
12.2 The effect of boundary conditions on the permafrost thickness and temperature regime
12.3 Dependence of the permafrost thickness and temperature regime on geological factors and processes
13 Taliks and groundwater in the permafrost zone
13.1 The types and formation of taliks in the permafrost zone
13.2 Groundwater of the permafrost regions
13.3 Interaction of groundwater with the permafrost and types of cryohydrogeological structures
IV Regional features and evolution of permafrost
14 Permafrost evolution in the Earth's history
14.1 History of the development of permafrost and its distribution on the planet
14.2 Reasons for the development and evolution of permafrost in the Earth's history
14.3 The history of geocryological development and the main stages of permafrost formation on the territory of the former USSR in the Late Cenozoic
15 Zonal and regional features of present-day geocryological conditions in the territories of the former USSR
15.1 Distribution of permafrost and spatial variations of its mean annual temperature
15.2 Structure of the permafrost and spatial variability of its thickness
15.3 Distribution of main types of seasonal ground thawing and freezing
16 Principles and methods for regional geocryological investigations
16.1 Geocryological survey as the basis for regional investigation of the seasonally and perennially freezing zones
16.2 The methods and carrying-out of geocryological surveys
16.3 Classification and regionalization in the course of geocryological survey
16.4 Regionalization in geocryological mapping
V Rational use of frozen ground and environmental protection in the course of economic development of the permafrost regions
17 The effect of different types of development on the natural geocryological environment
17.1 The basic principles of rational use of frozen ground in the course of the economic development of the permafrost regions
17.2 Regional environmental change in the course of development of extensive areas within the permafrost zone
17.3 Economic development of the permafrost regions with various kinds of construction
17.4 Development in the permafrost regions for the mining industry and underground engineering
17.5 Types of agrobiological development in the permafrost regions
18 Ensuring the stability of engineering structures in the permafrost regions
18.1 Principles of construction on permafrost (bases and foundations)
18.2 Methods of amelioration of frozen ground for foundations
18.3 Principles of foundation design and selection of type of foundation for construction on permafrost
18.4 Normative documents for engineering design and construction in the permafrost regions
19 Engineering geology in support of design, construction and operation of structures in the permafrost regions
19.1 Engineering-geological survey in the permafrost regions
19.2 Forecasting change in the geocryological conditions in the course of development
19.3 Principles and methods of the control of cryogenic processes
19.4 The basis of the rational use and protection of the geological environment in the permafrost regions
References
Index
In:
Studies in Polar research
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwort(e):
Lehrbuch
Bookmarklink
