Umfang:
XVI, 416 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
0126312605
Anmerkung:
MAB0014.001: PIK N 531-01-0416
,
MAB0014.002: AWI G1-02-0031
,
Contents:
Contributors. -
Foreword by Paul J. Crutzen. -
Preface by David Schimel. -
Introduction. -
1 Uncertainties of Global Biogeochemical Predictions / E. D. Schulze, D. S. S. Schimel. -
1.1 Introduction. -
1.2 The IGBP Transect Approach. -
1.2.1 The Patagonian Transect. -
1.2.2 The Australian Transect. -
1.2.3 The European Transect. -
1.3 Variability in Processes. -
1.4 Biome Approach and Functional Types. -
1.5 New Approaches to Functional Diversity. -
1.6 Conclusions. -
References. -
2 Uncertainties of Global Climate Predictions / L. Bengtsson. -
2.1 Introduction. -
2.2 Observational Evidence. -
2.3 Physical Rationale. -
2.3.1 Stochastic Forcing. -
2.3.2 Solar irradiation Changes. -
2.3.3 Volcanic Effects. -
2.3.4 Anthropogenic Effects. -
2.4 Response to Forcing of the Climate System. -
2.5 Results from Climate Change Prediction Experiments. -
2.6 Summary and Conclusions. -
References. -
3 Uncertainties in the Atmospheric Chemical System / G. P. Brasseur, E. A. H. Holland. -
3.1 Introduction. -
3.2 Synthetic View of Chemical Processes in the Troposphere. -
3.3 The IMAGES Model. -
3.4 Changes in the Chemical Composition of the Global Troposphere. -
3.5 Concluding Remarks. -
References. -
4 Inferring Biogeochemical Sources and Sinks from Atmospheric Concentrations: General Consideration and Applications in Vegetation Canopies / M. Raupach. -
4.1 Introduction. -
4.2 Scalar and Isotopic Molar Balances. -
4.2.1 General Principles. -
4.2.2 Single-Point Eulerian Equations. -
4.2.3 Source Terms for CO2. -
4.2.4 Single-Point Lagrangian Equations. -
4.3 Inverse Methods for Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks in Canopies. -
4.3.1 General Principles. -
4.3.2 Localized Near Field Theory. -
4.3.3 The Dispersion Matrix. -
4.3.4 Turbulent Velocity Field. -
4.3.5 Solutions for Forward, Inverse and Implicit Problems. -
4.3.6 Field Tests. -
4.4 Inverse Methods and Isotopes in Canopies. -
4.4.1 Path Integrals and Keeling Plots. -
4.4.2 Inverse Lagrangian Analysis of Isotopic Composition. -
4.5 Summary and Conclusions. -
Appendix A. -
Appendix B. -
References. -
5 Biogeophysical Feedbacks and the Dynamics of Climate / M. Claussen. -
5.1 Introduction. -
5.2 Synergisms. -
5.2.1 High Northern Latitudes. -
5.2.2 Subtropics. -
5.3 Multiple Equilibria. -
5.4 Transient Interaction. -
5.5 Perspectives. -
References. -
6 Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions and Monsoon Climate Change: A Paleo-Perspective / J. E. Kutzbach, Michael T. Coe, S. P. Harrison and M. T. Coe. -
6.1 Introduction. -
6.2 Response of the Monsoon to Orbital Forcing. -
6.3 Ocean Feedbacks on the Monsoon. -
6.4 Land-Surface Feedbacks on the Monsoon. -
6.5 Synergies between the Land, Ocean and Atmosphere. -
6.6 The Role of Climate Variability. -
6.7 Final Remarks. -
References. -
7 Paleobiogeochemistry / I. C. Prentice, D. Raynaud. -
7.1 Introduction. -
7.2 Methane. -
7.3 Carbon Dioxide. -
7.4 Mineral Dust Aerosol. -
7.5 Scientific Challenges Posed by the Ice-Core Records. -
7.5.1 Methane. -
7.5.2 Carbon Dioxide. -
7.5.3 Mineral Dust Aerosol. -
7.6 Towards an Integrated Research Strategy for Palaeobiogeochemistry. -
References. -
8 Should Phosphorus Availability Be Constraining Moist Tropical Forest Responses to Increasing CO2 Concentrations / J. Lloyd, M. I. Bird, E. M. Veenendaal and B. Kruijt. -
8.1 Introduction. -
8.2 Phosphorus in the Soils of the Moist Tropics. -
8.2.1 Soil Organic Phosphorus. -
8.2.2 Soil Inorganic Phosphorus. -
8.2.3 Soil Carbon/Phosphorus Interactions. -
8.3 States and Fluxes of Phosphorus in Moist Tropical Forests. -
8.3.1 Inputs and Losses of Phosphorus Through Rainfall, Dry Deposition and Weathering: Losses Via Leaching. -
8.3.2 Internal Phosphorus Flows in Moist Tropical Forests. -
8.3.3 Mechanisms for Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake in Low P Soils. -
8.4 Linking the Phosphorus and Carbon Cycles. -
8.4.1 To What Extent Does Phosphorus Availability Really Limit Moist Tropical Forest Productivity?. -
8.4.2 Tropical Plant Responses to Increases in Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations. -
8.4.3 Using a Simple Model to Examine CO2/Phosphorus Interactions in Tropical Forests. -
References. -
9 Trees in Grasslands: Biogeochemical Consequences of Woody Plant Expansion / S. Archer, T. W. Boutton and K. A. Hibbard. -
9.1 Introduction. -
9.2 Woody Plant Encroachment in Grasslands and Savannas. -
9.3 The La Copita Case Study. -
9.3.1 Biogeographical and Historal Context. -
9.3.2 Herbaceous Retrogression and Soil Carbon Losses. -
9.3.3 Woody Plant Encroachment and Ecosystem Biogeochemistry. -
9.4 Degradation: Ecological Versus Socioeconomic. -
9.5 Implications for Ecosystem and Natural Resources Management. -
9.6 Summary. -
References. -
10 Biogeochemistry in the Arctic: Patterns, Processes and Controls / S. Jonasson, F.S. Chapin, III and G. R. Shaver. -
10.1 Introduction. -
10.2 Tundra Organic Matter. -
10.2.1 Distribution of Organic Matter. -
10.2.2 Patterns and Controls of Organic Matter Turnover between Ecosystem Types. -
10.3 Tundra Nutrients. -
10.3.1 Nutrient Distribution and Controls of Nutrient Cycling. -
10.3.2 Nutrient Mineralization and Plant Nutrient Uptake. -
10.3.3 Are there Unaccounted Plant Sources of Limiting Nutrients?. -
10.4 Biogeochemical Responses to Experimental Ecosystem Manipulations. -
10.4.1 Applicability of Experimental Manipulations. -
10.4.2 Responses to Water Applications. -
10.4.3 Response to Nutrient Addition and Warming. -
10.4.4 Responses in Ecosystem Carbon Balance. -
10.5 Summary. -
References. -
11 Evaporation in the Boreal Zone During Summer - Physics and Vegetation / F. M. Kelliher, I. Lloyd, C. Rebmann, C. Wirth and E. D. Schulze, D. D. Baldocchi. -
11.1 Introduction. -
11.2 Climate and Soil Water. -
11.3 Evaporation Theory. -
11.4 Evaporation During Summer and Rainfall. -
11.5 Forest Evaporation, Tree Life Form and Nitrogen. -
11.6 Conclusions. -
References. -
12 Past and Future Forest Response to Rapid Climate Change / M.B. Davis. -
12.1 Introduction. -
12.2 Long-Distance Dispersal. -
12.3 Estimating Jump Distances. -
12.4 Interactions with Resident Vegetation - Constraints on Establishment. -
12.5 Interactions with Resident Vegetation - Competition for Light and Resulting Constraints on Population Growth. -
12.6 Conclusions. -
References. -
13 Biogeochemical Models: Implicit vs. Explicit Microbiology / J. Schimel. -
13.1 Introduction. -
13.2 Microbiology in Biogeochemical Models. -
13.3 Dealing with Microbial Diversity in Models. -
13.4 Kinetic Effects of Microbial Population Size. -
13.5 Microbial Recovery from Stress. -
13.6 Conclusions. -
References. -
14 The Global Soil Organic Carbon Pool / M. I. Bird, H. Santruckova, J. Lloyd and E. M. Veenendaal. -
14.1 Introduction: the Soil Carbon Pool and Global Change. -
14.2 Factors Affecting the Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon. -
14.3 Global Variations in the SOC Pool. -
14.4 The Limitations of Available Observational SOC Data. -
14.5 A Stratified Sampling Approach. -
14.6 Conclusions: Sandworld and Clayworld. -
References. -
15 Plant Compounds and Their Turnover and Stability as Soil Organic Matter / G. Gleixner, C. Czimczik, C. Kramer, B. M. Lühker and M. W. I. Schmidt. -
15.1 Introduction. -
15.2 Pathways of Soil Organic Matter Formation. -
15.2.1 Formation and Decomposition of Biomass. -
15.2.2 The Influence of Environmental Conditions on SOM Formation. -
15.2.3 For
Sprache:
Englisch
Schlagwort(e):
Aufsatzsammlung
URL:
http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/2PPI1HGVX87QA4SH1NKJ5V9FE3I8HM.pdf
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