UID:
kobvindex_INTEBC5150092
Format:
1 online resource (399 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781119054528
Series Statement:
The Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology Series
Note:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Series Preface -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Image Content and Image Quality -- 1.1.1 Color -- 1.1.2 Shape -- 1.1.3 Texture -- 1.1.4 Depth -- 1.1.5 Luminance Range -- 1.1.6 Motion -- 1.2 Benchmarking -- 1.3 Book Content -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 2 Defining Image Quality -- 2.1 What is Image Quality? -- 2.2 Image Quality Attributes -- 2.3 Subjective and Objective Image Quality Assessment -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 3 Image Quality Attributes -- 3.1 Global Attributes -- 3.1.1 Exposure, Tonal Reproduction, and Flare -- 3.1.2 Color -- 3.1.3 Geometrical Artifacts -- 3.1.3.1 Perspective Distortion -- 3.1.3.2 Optical Distortion -- 3.1.3.3 Other Geometrical Artifacts -- 3.1.4 Nonuniformities -- 3.1.4.1 Luminance Shading -- 3.1.4.2 Color Shading -- 3.2 Local Attributes -- 3.2.1 Sharpness and Resolution -- 3.2.2 Noise -- 3.2.3 Texture Rendition -- 3.2.4 Color Fringing -- 3.2.5 Image Defects -- 3.2.6 Artifacts -- 3.2.6.1 Aliasing and Demosaicing Artifacts -- 3.2.6.2 Still Image Compression Artifacts -- 3.2.6.3 Flicker -- 3.2.6.4 HDR Processing Artifacts -- 3.2.6.5 Lens Ghosting -- 3.3 Video Quality Attributes -- 3.3.1 Frame Rate -- 3.3.2 Exposure and White Balance Responsiveness and Consistency -- 3.3.3 Focus Adaption -- 3.3.4 Audio‐Visual Synchronization -- 3.3.5 Video Compression Artifacts -- 3.3.6 Temporal Noise -- 3.3.7 Fixed Pattern Noise -- 3.3.8 Mosquito Noise -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 4 The Camera -- 4.1 The Pinhole Camera -- 4.2 Lens -- 4.2.1 Aberrations -- 4.2.1.1 Third‐Order Aberrations -- 4.2.1.2 Chromatic Aberrations -- 4.2.2 Optical Parameters -- 4.2.3 Relative Illumination -- 4.2.4 Depth of Field -- 4.2.5 Diffraction
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4.2.6 Stray Light -- 4.2.7 Image Quality Attributes Related to the Lens -- 4.3 Image Sensor -- 4.3.1 CCD Image Sensors -- 4.3.2 CMOS Image Sensors -- 4.3.3 Color Imaging -- 4.3.4 Image Sensor Performance -- 4.3.5 CCD versus CMOS -- 4.3.6 Image Quality Attributes Related to the Image Sensor -- 4.4 Image Signal Processor -- 4.4.1 Image Processing -- 4.4.2 Image Compression -- 4.4.2.1 Chroma Subsampling -- 4.4.2.2 Transform Coding -- 4.4.2.3 Coefficient Quantization -- 4.4.2.4 Coefficient Compression -- 4.4.3 Control Algorithms -- 4.4.4 Image Quality Attributes Related to the ISP -- 4.5 Illumination -- 4.5.1 LED Flash -- 4.5.2 Xenon Flash -- 4.6 Video Processing -- 4.6.1 Video Stabilization -- 4.6.1.1 Global Motion Models -- 4.6.1.2 Global Motion Estimation -- 4.6.1.3 Global Motion Compensation -- 4.6.2 Video Compression -- 4.6.2.1 Computation of Residuals -- 4.6.2.2 Video Compression Standards and Codecs -- 4.6.2.3 Some Significant Video Compression Standards -- 4.6.2.4 A Note On Video Stream Structure -- 4.7 System Considerations -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 5 Subjective Image Quality Assessment-Theory and Practice -- 5.1 Psychophysics -- 5.2 Measurement Scales -- 5.3 Psychophysical Methodologies -- 5.3.1 Rank Order -- 5.3.2 Category Scaling -- 5.3.3 Acceptability Scaling -- 5.3.4 Anchored Scaling -- 5.3.5 Forced‐Choice Comparison -- 5.3.6 Magnitude Estimation -- 5.3.7 Methodology Comparison -- 5.4 Cross‐Modal Psychophysics -- 5.4.1 Example Research -- 5.4.2 Image Quality‐Related Demonstration -- 5.5 Thurstonian Scaling -- 5.6 Quality Ruler -- 5.6.1 Ruler Generation -- 5.6.2 Quality Ruler Insights -- 5.6.2.1 Lab Cross‐Comparisons -- 5.6.2.2 SQS2 JND Validation -- 5.6.2.3 Quality Ruler Standard Deviation Trends -- 5.6.2.4 Observer Impact -- 5.6.3 Perspective from Academia -- 5.6.4 Practical Example
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5.6.5 Quality Ruler Applications to Image Quality Benchmarking -- 5.7 Subjective Video Quality -- 5.7.1 Terminology -- 5.7.2 Observer Selection -- 5.7.3 Viewing Setup -- 5.7.4 Video Display and Playback -- 5.7.5 Clip Selection -- 5.7.6 Presentation Protocols -- 5.7.7 Assessment Methods -- 5.7.8 Interpreting Results -- 5.7.9 ITU Recommendations -- 5.7.9.1 The Double‐Stimulus Impairment Scale Method -- 5.7.9.2 The Double‐Stimulus Continuous Quality Scale Method -- 5.7.9.3 The Simultaneous Double‐Stimulus for Continuous Evaluation Method -- 5.7.9.4 The Absolute Category Rating Method -- 5.7.9.5 The Single Stimulus Continuous Quality Evaluation Method -- 5.7.9.6 The Subjective Assessment of Multimedia Video Quality Method -- 5.7.9.7 ITU Methodology Comparison -- 5.7.10 Other Sources -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 6 Objective Image Quality Assessment-Theory and Practice -- 6.1 Exposure and Tone -- 6.1.1 Exposure Index and ISO Sensitivity -- 6.1.2 Opto‐Electronic Conversion Function -- 6.1.3 Practical Considerations -- 6.2 Dynamic Range -- 6.3 Color -- 6.3.1 Light Sources -- 6.3.2 Scene -- 6.3.3 Observer -- 6.3.4 Basic Color Metrics -- 6.3.5 RGB Color Spaces -- 6.3.6 Practical Considerations -- 6.4 Shading -- 6.4.1 Practical Considerations -- 6.5 Geometric Distortion -- 6.5.1 Practical Considerations -- 6.6 Stray Light -- 6.6.1 Practical Considerations -- 6.7 Sharpness and Resolution -- 6.7.1 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 6.7.2 The Contrast Transfer Function -- 6.7.3 Geometry in Optical Systems and the MTF -- 6.7.4 Sampling and Aliasing -- 6.7.5 System MTF -- 6.7.6 Measuring the MTF -- 6.7.7 Edge SFR -- 6.7.8 Sine Modulated Siemens Star SFR -- 6.7.9 Comparing Edge SFR and Sine Modulated Siemens SFR -- 6.7.10 Practical Considerations -- 6.8 Texture Blur -- 6.8.1 Chart Construction -- 6.8.2 Practical Considerations
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6.8.3 Alternative Methods -- 6.9 Noise -- 6.9.1 Noise and Color -- 6.9.2 Spatial Frequency Dependence -- 6.9.3 Signal to Noise Measurements in Nonlinear Systems and Noise Component Analysis -- 6.9.4 Practical Considerations -- 6.10 Color Fringing -- 6.11 Image Defects -- 6.12 Video Quality Metrics -- 6.12.1 Frame Rate and Frame Rate Consistency -- 6.12.2 Frame Exposure Time and Consistency -- 6.12.3 Auto White Balance Consistency -- 6.12.4 Autofocusing Time and Stability -- 6.12.5 Video Stabilization Performance -- 6.12.6 Audio‐Video Synchronization -- 6.13 Related International Standards -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 7 Perceptually Correlated Image Quality Metrics -- 7.1 Aspects of Human Vision -- 7.1.1 Physiological Processes -- 7.2 HVS Modeling -- 7.3 Viewing Conditions -- 7.4 Spatial Image Quality Metrics -- 7.4.1 Sharpness -- 7.4.1.1 Edge Acutance -- 7.4.1.2 Mapping Acutance to JND Values -- 7.4.1.3 Other Perceptual Sharpness Metrics -- 7.4.2 Texture Blur -- 7.4.3 Visual Noise -- 7.5 Color -- 7.5.1 Chromatic Adaptation Transformations -- 7.5.2 Color Appearance Models -- 7.5.3 Color and Spatial Content-Image Appearance Models -- 7.5.4 Image Quality Benchmarking and Color -- 7.6 Other Metrics -- 7.7 Combination of Metrics -- 7.8 Full‐Reference Digital Video Quality Metrics -- 7.8.1 PSNR -- 7.8.2 Structural Similarity (SSIM) -- 7.8.3 VQM -- 7.8.4 VDP -- 7.8.4.1 Further Considerations -- 7.8.5 Discussion -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 8 Measurement Protocols-Building Up a Lab -- 8.1 Still Objective Measurements -- 8.1.1 Lab Needs -- 8.1.1.1 Lab Space -- 8.1.1.2 Lighting -- 8.1.1.3 Light Booths -- 8.1.1.4 Transmissive Light Sources -- 8.1.1.5 Additional Lighting Options -- 8.1.1.6 Light Measurement Devices -- 8.1.2 Charts -- 8.1.2.1 Printing Technologies for Reflective Charts
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8.1.2.2 Technologies for Transmissive Charts -- 8.1.2.3 Inhouse Printing -- 8.1.2.4 Chart Alignment and Framing -- 8.1.3 Camera Settings -- 8.1.4 Supplemental Equipment -- 8.1.4.1 Real World Objects -- 8.2 Video Objective Measurements -- 8.2.1 Visual Timer -- 8.2.2 Motion -- 8.3 Still Subjective Measurements -- 8.3.1 Lab Needs -- 8.3.2 Stimuli -- 8.3.2.1 Stimuli Generation -- 8.3.2.2 Stimuli Presentation -- 8.3.3 Observer Needs -- 8.3.3.1 Observer Selection and Screening -- 8.3.3.2 Experimental Design and Duration -- 8.4 Video Subjective Measurements -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 9 The Camera Benchmarking Process -- 9.1 Objective Metrics for Benchmarking -- 9.2 Subjective Methods for Benchmarking -- 9.2.1 Photospace -- 9.2.2 Use Cases -- 9.2.3 Observer Impact -- 9.3 Methods of Combining Metrics -- 9.3.1 Weighted Combinations -- 9.3.2 Minkowski Summation -- 9.4 Benchmarking Systems -- 9.4.1 GSMArena -- 9.4.2 FNAC -- 9.4.3 VCX -- 9.4.4 Skype Video Capture Specification -- 9.4.5 VIQET -- 9.4.6 DxOMark -- 9.4.7 IEEE P1858 -- 9.5 Example Benchmark Results -- 9.5.1 VIQET -- 9.5.2 IEEE CPIQ -- 9.5.2.1 CPIQ Objective Metrics -- 9.5.2.2 CPIQ Quality Loss Predictions from Objective Metrics -- 9.5.3 DxOMark Mobile -- 9.5.4 Real‐World Images -- 9.5.5 High‐End DSLR Objective Metrics -- 9.6 Benchmarking Validation -- Summary of this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 10 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index -- EULA
Additional Edition:
Print version Phillips, Jonathan B. Camera Image Quality Benchmarking Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2018 ISBN 9781119054498
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
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