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  • Berger, Elliott H.  (44)
  • Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures  (44)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hearing protection: Surpassing the limits to attenuation imposed by the bone-conduction pathways
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 114, No. 4 ( 2003-10-01), p. 1955-1967
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 114, No. 4 ( 2003-10-01), p. 1955-1967
    Abstract: With louder and louder weapon systems being developed and military personnel being exposed to steady noise levels approaching and sometimes exceeding 150 dB, a growing interest in greater amounts of hearing protection is evident. When the need for communications is included in the equation, the situation is even more extreme. New initiatives are underway to design improved hearing protection, including active noise reduction (ANR) earplugs and perhaps even active cancellation of head-borne vibration. With that in mind it may be useful to explore the limits to attenuation, and whether they can be approached with existing technology. Data on the noise reduction achievable with high-attenuation foam earplugs, as a function of insertion depth, will be reported. Previous studies will be reviewed that provide indications of the bone-conduction (BC) limits to attenuation that, in terms of mean values, range from 40 to 60 dB across the frequencies from 125 Hz to 8 kHz. Additionally, new research on the effects of a flight helmet on the BC limits, as well as the potential attenuation from deeply inserted passive foam earplugs, worn with passive earmuffs, or with active-noise reduction (ANR) earmuffs, will be examined. The data demonstrate that gains in attenuation exceeding 10 dB above the head-not-covered limits can be achieved if the head is effectively shielded from acoustical stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1605415
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploration of flat hearing protector attenuation and sound detection in noise
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2165-2166
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2165-2166
    Abstract: Flat-response devices are a class of hearing protectors with nearly uniform attenuation across frequency. These devices can protect the individual wearer while maintaining the spectral balance of the surrounding sounds. This is typically achieved by reducing the muffling effect of conventional hearing protectors which provide larger attenuation at higher than lower frequencies, especially with earmuffs. Flat hearing protectors are often recommended when good speech communication or sound perception is essential, especially for wearers with high-frequency hearing loss, to maintain audibility at all frequencies. However, while flat-response devices are described in some acoustical standards, the tolerance limits for the definition of flatness are largely unspecified and relatively little is known on the exact conditions when such devices can be beneficial. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the interaction between the spectrum of the noise, the shape of the attenuation-frequency response, and the hearing loss configuration on detection thresholds using a psychoacoustic model of sound detection in noise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4899836
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic trauma from continuous noise: Minimum exposures, issues in clinical trial design, and comments on magnetic resonance imaging exposures
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 146, No. 5 ( 2019-11-01), p. 3873-3878
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 146, No. 5 ( 2019-11-01), p. 3873-3878
    Abstract: Acoustic trauma (AT) is permanent hearing loss after a single noise exposure. A few human cases resulting from continuous, i.e., nonimpulsive noise, have been reported as reviewed by Ward [(1991). “Hearing loss from noise and music,” presented at Audio Engineering Society, New York, October 4–8]. This paper updates that review by examining 11 cases in nine reports, from 1950 to 2006, with the intention of determining minimum exposures that may cause AT, including the potential risk of exposure to noise from magnetic resonance imaging machines. Diffuse-field related levels above 120 dBA for 10 s or more, or above 130 dBA for 2–3 s (values well above OSHA's unprotected exposure limits), can lead to AT. These cases appear to represent a susceptible fraction of the population, because much more intense exposures (e.g., 130 dBA for 32 min) have been tolerated by groups of volunteers who suffered only temporary threshold shifts. AT from continuous noise is unlikely to occur in OSHA-compliant hearing conservation programs, and probably rare enough in the general civilian population that clinical trials of drugs aimed at treating it are unlikely to be practical. AT from impulse noise, such as gunfire, which is specifically not the topic of the current work, is more amenable to clinical trials, especially in military settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5132712
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Perspectives from the honoree: Serendipity, gratitude, and an exiguity of prognostication
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2567-2567
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2567-2567
    Abstract: As this is being written, I am excited, honored, and humbled but the mere notion that a session has been planned in my honor, even though the full implications of the title “…responding to external stimuli” still escapes me. I am presuming all will be revealed. The opportunity to close out the show, to have the last word as it were, was also a surprising and an unexpected gift. My goal will be to make it worth the audience's while. I will briefly review the accomplishments of which I am most proud, and then emphasize the importance of serendipity in our lives, especially mine, as when I stumbled across an obscure 1/6-page add in the back of Physics Today that led me to a career associated with the ground-breaking yellow foam earplug. The gratitude I have for fabulous mentors in my life such as Larry Royster, Ross Gardner Jr., Don Gasaway, and Mead Killion, will be expressed. Finally, I may share a few brief observations about what might come next in the fields of hearing protection and hearing conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5147123
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    “Calibrating” the insertion depth of roll-down foam earplugs
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 133, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 3235-3235
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 133, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 3235-3235
    Abstract: Since introduction in 1972, roll-down slow-recovery foam earplugs have become nearly ubiquitous. They are used widely in industries and by consumers around the world. Their performance has been reported in numerous journal articles and they are often part of laboratory experiments, either as the object of the study or as a reference device that is used as a control or to assure exclusion of noise from the ear to facilitate data acquisition. As such it is important to be able to describe their performance since although they generally provide high levels of protection, the amount of protection and its spectral dependence is a function of insertion depth. Real-ear attenuation results will be presented for a range of insertions from that which caps the earcanal to full earcanal insertion past the second bend. The results will be compared to published data to demonstrate how they can be used to estimate the quality of fit that was likely achieved vs that which was reported. These data will be useful to researchers who wish to “calibrate” the quality of insertion they are achieving in their own studies going forward. [The author is an employee of 3M and the research was funded by 3M.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4805162
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of insertion depth of an insert earphone on hearing threshold levels and on real ear attenuation values
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1989
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 86, No. S1 ( 1989-11-01), p. S44-S44
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 86, No. S1 ( 1989-11-01), p. S44-S44
    Abstract: The influence on pure-tone hearing threshold levels (HTLs) of the insertion depth of the coupling foam eartip of EARTONE™ 3A insert audiometric earphones was investigated in 16 subjects using three distinctly different insertion depths: shallow, intermediate, and full. HTLs were also measured using conventional earphones, model TDH-50P with MX/41-AR cushions. In addition, sound field real ear at threshold (REAT) values re: ANSI S12.6-1984 were recorded in each condition. The results showed that there was a tendency toward poorer HTLs as the eartip was positioned further away from the eardrum, with the difference between the three widely disparate insertion depths amounting to 1.3–5.3 dB in the frequency range 0.5–6 kHz. In contrast, at 8 kHz, significantly less (8.1 dB) energy was required for elicitation of threshold response in the shallow position as compared to the two other. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the most appropriate (full and intermediate) insertion depths at any tested frequency. Although REAT values showed increased attenuation for the frequencies 0.125–1 kHz as the eartip was inserted more deeply in the ear canal, at all three insertion depths over all tested frequencies, values were more than 15 dB greater than the attenuation obtained with the conventional earphone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2027511
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Fit-testing systems for hearing protectors: ANSI standards to the rescue
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1909-1909
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1909-1909
    Abstract: To standardize the performance of fit-testing systems for hearing protection devices (HPDs), an ANSI/ASA standard has been in development since 2008. As of this writing, BSR/ASA S12.71 “Performance criteria for systems that estimate the attenuation of passive hearing protectors for individual users” has been submitted for public comment and ballot. This standard refers to fit-testing systems as field attenuation estimation systems (FAESs). In this talk, we introduce important FAES concepts, as handled in the draft S12.71. There are two types of FAESs: physical systems that take an objective measurement and psychophysical systems that rely on subjective responses from the user being tested. FAESs may produce a quantitative output as a personal attenuation rating (PAR) or simply indicate pass/fail for a given HPD fit. For all types of systems, S12.71 specifies methods to assess the quality of the attenuation estimates, by comparing the FAES results to a laboratory real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) measurement. Other important considerations covered in S12.71 include the maximum levels of ambient noise in which FAESs may be operated, the incorporation of uncertainties due to HPD fitting and spectral variability in users’ noise exposures, calibration intervals, and information that must be provided to users.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5036219
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experience with a new ANSI standard for measuring the real-ear attenuation (REAT) of hearing protectors (S12.6-1997)
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 105, No. 2_Supplement ( 1999-02-01), p. 1129-1129
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 105, No. 2_Supplement ( 1999-02-01), p. 1129-1129
    Abstract: It has become increasingly apparent during the past 20 years that laboratory-measured values of hearing protector attenuation obtained in conformance with ANSI standards (S3.19-1974, S12.6-1984) bore little correspondence to those obtained by workers in actual occupational settings. The development of a new standard, ANSI S12.6-1997, Methods for Measuring the Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors, addressed this problem. The new standard includes both experimenter-supervised fit and subject-fit methods. The latter method, designated as method B, requires the use of audiometrically experienced subjects who are naɪ̈ve in the use of hearing protection. This method is intended to approximate the upper limits to the attenuation that can be expected for groups of occupational users. It yields mean attenuation values, more so for earplugs than earmuffs, that are substantially lower, and standard deviation values that are higher than previously found using ANSI standards. This paper will describe the new S12.6, present method-B test data, compare and contrast the standard to the existing related ISO standard (4869-1:1990), and review the results of ongoing studies designed to evaluate aspects and assumptions of the Method-B protocol. The problems inherent in obtaining and utilizing test panels of inexperienced hearing protection wearers, as well as observations gleaned from working with those subjects for in excess of 30 evaluations, will also be examined.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.426625
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Results of a pilot interlaboratory comparison of REAT measurements of hearing protectors, coordinated by ANSI S12/WG11
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1990
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 88, No. S1 ( 1990-11-01), p. S11-S11
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 88, No. S1 ( 1990-11-01), p. S11-S11
    Abstract: ANSI working group S12/WG11 has been tasked with developing laboratory and/or field procedures that yield useful estimates of the real-world attenuation of hearing protection devices. The first goal selected was the development of a laboratory-based real-car attenuation at threshold (REAT) protocol that would estimate the protection that can be, or is being, obtained in the top 10%–20% of today's hearing conservation programs. A protocol was developed based upon ANSI S 12.6-1984, but with modified subject selection, fitting, and training procedures that were described explicitly and in substantially greater detail than in the standard. Pilot testing of two earplugs in four laboratories with ten naive subjects per facility showed subject-fit attenuation results comparable to available real-world studies. Although subjects achieved significantly greater attenuation after the experimenter demonstrated how to insert the devices (informed user fit), the interlaboratory reproducibility of the group data was not significantly improved. The indications are that a subject-fit protocol, in which experimenter involvement is minimized, yields the best estimates of real-world attenuation, and still provides acceptable reproducibility. The pilot results suggested refinements in the design of a full-scale interlaboratory comparison which should begin in the later part of 1990.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2028542
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1990
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    NHCA’s 27th Annual Hearing Conservation Conference
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2002-05-01), p. 1961-1961
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2002-05-01), p. 1961-1961
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1471517
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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