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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CO2 Selective Potentiometric Sensor in Thick-film Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2008
    In:  Sensors Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2008-08-19), p. 4774-4785
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2008-08-19), p. 4774-4785
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s8084774
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling Regulatory Threshold Levels for Pesticides in Surface Waters from Effect Databases
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Data Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2019-12-14), p. 150-
    Details
    In: Data, MDPI AG, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2019-12-14), p. 150-
    Abstract: Regulatory threshold levels (RTL) represent robust benchmarks for assessing risks of pesticides, e.g., in surface waters. However, comprehensive scientific risk evaluations comparing RTL to measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of pesticides in surface waters were yet restricted to a low number of pesticides, as RTL are only available after extensive review of regulatory documents. Thus, the aim of the present study was to model RTL equivalents (RTLe) for aquatic organisms from publicly accessible ecotoxicological effect databases. We developed a model that applies validity criteria in accordance with official US EPA review guidelines and validated the model against a set of manually retrieved RTL (n = 49). Model application yielded 1283 RTLe (n = 676 for pesticides, plus 607 additional RTLe for other use types). In a case study, the usability of RTLe was demonstrated for a set of 27 insecticides by comparing RTLe and RTL exceedance rates for 3001 MEC from US surface waters. The provided dataset enables thorough risk assessments of surface water exposure data for a comprehensive number of substances. Especially regions without established pesticide regulations may benefit from this dataset by using it as a baseline information for pesticide risk assessment and for the identification of priority substances or potential high-risk regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/data4040150
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2856531-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preoperative Perforator Mapping in DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction. The Impact of New Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Techniques
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 64-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 64-
    Abstract: Deep inferior epigastric artery flaps (DIEP) represent the gold standard of autologous breast reconstruction. Due to significant variations in vascular anatomy, preoperative perforator mapping (PM) is mandatory in order to ensure the presence of a sufficient perforator within the flap. In this regard, CT angiography (CTA) is currently the method of choice. Therefore, we investigated the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) techniques for preoperative PM in comparison to CTA. Patients underwent PM, utilizing both CTA and CEUS techniques. Documentation included the course of the vascular pedicle through the rectus muscle (M), fascial penetration (F), the subcutaneous plexus (P) and the skin point (SP) on either side of the abdomen. Thus, contrast-enhanced B-Flow (BCEUS), B-Flow ultrasound (BUS), CEUS, color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and CTA were evaluated in terms of the diagnostic consistency and effectiveness of PM. Precision (∆L) was then calculated in relation to the actual intraoperative location. Statistical analysis included Kruskall–Wallis, Levene and Bonferroni tests, as well as Spearman correlations. A total of 39 DIEP flaps were analyzed. Only CTA (∆L = 2.85 mm) and BCEUS (∆L = 4.57 mm) enabled complete PM, also including P and SP, whereas CDUS, CEUS and BUS enabled clear PM throughout M and F only. Regarding the number of detected perforators, PM techniques are ranked from high to low as follows: CTA, BCEUS, BUS, CEUS and CDUS. CTA and BCEUS showed sufficient diagnostic consistency for SP, P and F, while CDUS and CTA had a superior performance for M. BCEUS offers precise image-controlled surface tags and dynamic information for PM without imposing radiation and may, therefore, be considered a feasible add-on or alternative to CTA. However, BCEUS requires an experienced examiner and is more time-consuming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010064
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Glioblastoma-Derived Three-Dimensional Ex Vivo Models to Evaluate Effects and Efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 5177-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 5177-
    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) displays a wide range of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity contributing to therapeutic resistance and relapse. Although Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are effective for the treatment of GBM, there is a lack of ex vivo models to evaluate effects on patients’ tumor biology or to screen patients for treatment efficacy. Thus, we adapted patient-derived three-dimensional tissue culture models to be compatible with TTFields application to tissue culture. Patient-derived primary cells (PDPC) were seeded onto murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), and microtumor development with and without TTFields at 200 kHz was observed. In addition, organoids were generated from acute material cultured on OHSC and treated with TTFields. Lastly, the effect of TTFields on expression of the Ki67 proliferation marker was evaluated on cultured GBM slices. Microtumors exhibited increased sensitivity towards TTFields compared to monolayer cell cultures. TTFields affected tumor growth and viability, as the size of microtumors and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells decreased after treatment. Nevertheless, variability in the extent of the response was preserved between different patient samples. Therefore, these pre-clinical GBM models could provide snapshots of the tumor to simulate patient treatment response and to investigate molecular mechanisms of response and resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215177
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quality Assurance Framework Development Based on Six New ECV Data Products to Enhance User Confidence for Climate Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-08-09), p. 1254-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-08-09), p. 1254-
    Abstract: Data from Earth observation (EO) satellites are increasingly used to monitor the environment, understand variability and change, inform evaluations of climate model forecasts, and manage natural resources. Policymakers are progressively relying on the information derived from these datasets to make decisions on mitigating and adapting to climate change. These decisions should be evidence based, which requires confidence in derived products, as well as the reference measurements used to calibrate, validate, or inform product development. In support of the European Union’s Earth Observation Programmes Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project fulfilled a gap in the delivery of climate quality satellite-derived datasets, by prototyping a generic system for the implementation and evaluation of quality assurance (QA) measures for satellite-derived ECV climate data record products. The project demonstrated the QA system on six new long-term, climate quality ECV data records for surface albedo, leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon monoxide (CO). The provision of standardised QA information provides data users with evidence-based confidence in the products and enables judgement on the fitness-for-purpose of various ECV data products and their specific applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10081254
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Sustainability Prerequisites and Practices in Textile and Apparel Supply Chains
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2020-11-28), p. 9960-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 23 ( 2020-11-28), p. 9960-
    Abstract: The proposed study deals with sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in the textile and apparel (T & A) industry. We analyze prerequisites and practices of supply chain (SC) sustainability in a multiple case study of the German and Ethiopian T & A industry. Our analysis is based on ten semi-structured interviews conducted with the managers of seven companies in the Ethiopian T & A production and the German fair fashion retail industries. The contribution of expert knowledge helps in identifying SC sustainability prerequisites and practices. The chosen cases of production in Ethiopia and retail in Germany highlight the complexity of T & A SCs while representing both the suppliers’ and retailers’ perspectives, which is rare in the related literature. As a major research contribution, the study adapts a framework for SC sustainability in the chemical industry and transfers it to T & A SCs. Moreover, practitioners from the T & A industry find useful insights into relevant practices and their prerequisites, which helps in improving SC sustainability in this sector. The study reveals that management orientation and interest groups such as customers represent the most important prerequisites for sustainability. Manufacturers rely more on internal practices such as monitoring, while retailers focus on external sustainability practices, such as supplier development. In a comparative approach, similarities and differences between T & A SCs and the chemical industry are identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12239960
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Graphing Ecotoxicology: The MAGIC Graph for Linking Environmental Data on Chemicals
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Data Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2019-02-22), p. 34-
    Details
    In: Data, MDPI AG, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2019-02-22), p. 34-
    Abstract: Assessing the impact of chemicals on the environment and addressing subsequent issues are two central challenges to their safe use. Environmental data are continuously expanding, requiring flexible, scalable, and extendable data management solutions that can harmonize multiple data sources with potentially differing nomenclatures or levels of specificity. Here, we present the methodological steps taken to construct a rule-based labeled property graph database, the “Meta-analysis of the Global Impact of Chemicals” (MAGIC) graph, for potential environmental impact chemicals (PEIC) and its subsequent application harmonizing multiple large-scale databases. The resulting data encompass 16,739 unique PEICs attributed to their corresponding chemical class, stereo-chemical information, valid synonyms, use types, unique identifiers (e.g., Chemical Abstract Service registry number CAS RN), and others. These data provide researchers with additional chemical information for a large amount of PEICs and can also be publicly accessed using a web interface. Our analysis has shown that data harmonization can increase up to 98% when using the MAGIC graph approach compared to relational data systems for datasets with different nomenclatures. The graph database system and its data appear more suitable for large-scale analysis where traditional (i.e., relational) data systems are reaching conceptional limitations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/data4010034
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2856531-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization and Optimization of the Tumor Microenvironment in Patient-Derived Organotypic Slices and Organoid Models of Glioblastoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 2698-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 2698-
    Abstract: While glioblastoma (GBM) is still challenging to treat, novel immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promising effects in preclinical settings. However, their clinical breakthrough is hampered by complex interactions of GBM with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we present an analysis of TME composition in a patient-derived organoid model (PDO) as well as in organotypic slice cultures (OSC). To obtain a more realistic model for immunotherapeutic testing, we introduce an enhanced PDO model. We manufactured PDOs and OSCs from fresh tissue of GBM patients and analyzed the TME. Enhanced PDOs (ePDOs) were obtained via co-culture with PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and compared to normal PDOs (nPDOs) and PT (primary tissue). At first, we showed that TME was not sustained in PDOs after a short time of culture. In contrast, TME was largely maintained in OSCs. Unfortunately, OSCs can only be cultured for up to 9 days. Thus, we enhanced the TME in PDOs by co-culturing PDOs and PBMCs from healthy donors. These cellular TME patterns could be preserved until day 21. The ePDO approach could mirror the interaction of GBM, TME and immunotherapeutic agents and may consequently represent a realistic model for individual immunotherapeutic drug testing in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102698
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Fatigue Cracking of Additively Manufactured Materials—Process and Material Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2020-08-11), p. 5556-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 16 ( 2020-08-11), p. 5556-
    Abstract: Strong efforts are made internationally to optimize the process control of laser additive manufacturing processes. For this purpose, advanced detectors and monitoring software are being developed to control the quality of production. However, commercial suppliers of metal powders and part manufacturers are essentially focused on well-established materials. This article demonstrates the potential of optimized process control. Furthermore, we outline the development of a new high temperature structural steel, tailored to best utilize the advantages of additive manufacturing techniques. In this context, the impact of production-induced porosity on fatigue strength of austenitic 316L is presented. Additionally, we discuss the first conceptual results of a novel ferritic steel, named HiperFer (High Performance Ferrite), which was designed for increased fatigue strength. This ferritic, Laves phase-strengthened, stainless steel could be used for a wide range of structural components in power and (petro)chemical engineering at maximum temperatures ranging from about 580 to 650 °C. This material benefits from in situ heat treatment and counteracts process-related defects by “reactive” crack obstruction mechanisms, hampering both crack initiation and crack propagation. In this way, increased fatigue resistance and safety can be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10165556
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    A Compendium of Chemical Class and Use Type Open Access Databases
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Data Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12-04), p. 114-
    Details
    In: Data, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12-04), p. 114-
    Abstract: With an ever-increasing production and registration of chemical substances, obtaining reliable and up to date information on their use types (UT) and chemical class (CC) is of crucial importance. We evaluated the current status of open access chemical substance databases (DBs) regarding UT and CC information using the “Meta-analysis of the Global Impact of Chemicals” (MAGIC) graph as a benchmark. A decision tree-based selection process was used to choose the most suitable out of 96 databases. To compare the DB content for 100 weighted, randomly selected chemical substances, an extensive quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. It was found that four DBs yielded more qualitative and quantitative UT and CC results than the current MAGIC graph: The European Bioinformatics Institute DB, ChemSpider, the English Wikipedia page, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The NCBI, along with its subsidiary DBs PubChem and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), showed the best performance according to the defined criteria. To analyse large datasets, harmonisation of the available information might be beneficial, as the available DBs mostly aggregate information without harmonising them.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/data5040114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2856531-9
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