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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Volume‐related quantification of organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity of macropore surfaces in Bt horizons
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-01)
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-01)
    Abstract: Macropores are hotspots for biogeochemical and exchange processes in soils. Quantification of OC content and CEC along macropore surfaces in soil cores. Combination of XRCT‐based macropore surfaces morphologies with OC and CEC data. Macropore surface volumes (4–6 %) account for one‐third of the OC content and CEC. Macropore–matrix properties are crucial for modeling preferential transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.v19.1
    DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20069
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Droplet infiltration and organic matter composition of intact crack and biopore surfaces from clay‐illuvial horizons
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 178, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 250-260
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 178, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 250-260
    Abstract: The organic matter (OM) in biopore walls and aggregate coatings may be important for sorption of reactive solutes and water as well as for solute mass exchange between the soil matrix and the preferential flow (PF) domains in structured soil. Structural surfaces are coated by illuvial clay‐organic material and by OM of different origin, e.g. , earthworm casts and root residues. The objectives were to verify the effect of OM on wettability and infiltration of intact structural surfaces in clay‐illuvial horizons (Bt) of Luvisols and to investigate the relevance of the mm‐scale distribution of OM composition on the water and solute transfer. Intact aggregate surfaces and biopore walls were prepared from Bt horizons of Luvisols developed from Loess and glacial till. The mm‐scale spatial distribution of OM composition was scanned using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The ratio between alkyl and carboxyl functional groups in OM was used as potential wettability index (PWI) of the OM. The infiltration dynamics of water and ethanol droplets were determined measuring contact angles (CA) and water drop penetration times (WDPT). At intact surfaces of earthworm burrows and coated cracks of the Loess‐Bt, the potential wettability of the OM was significantly reduced compared to the uncoated matrix. These data corresponded to increased WDPT, indicating a mm‐scaled sub‐critical water repellency. The relation was highly linear for earthworm burrows and crack coatings from the Loess‐Bt with WDPT 〉  2.5 s. Other surfaces of the Loess‐Bt and most surfaces of the till‐derived Bt were not found to be repellent. At these surfaces, no relations between the potential wettability of the OM and the actual wettability of the surface were found. The results suggest that water absorption at intact surface structures, i.e. , mass exchange between PF paths and soil matrix, can be locally affected by a mm‐scale OM distribution if OM is of increased content and is enriched in alkyl functional groups. For such surfaces, the relation between potential and actual wettability provides the possibility to evaluate the mm‐scale spatial distribution of wettability and sorption and mass exchange from DRIFT spectroscopic scanning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v178.2
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400209
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481142-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interpretation of infrared spectra for OM characterization of soil structural surfaces of Bt‐horizons
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 179, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 29-38
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 179, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 29-38
    Abstract: The surfaces of macropores or aggregates can act as hot spots for biogeochemical processes and solute transport during preferential flow. For the characterization of organic matter (OM) at macropore surfaces non‐destructive methods have been applied such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). However, effects of organic components on DRIFT signal intensities are often difficult to distinguish from those of mineral components. Here, DRIFT spectra from intact earthworm burrow walls and coated cracks were re‐evaluated to improve the interpretation of C–H and C=O bands. We compared DRIFT and transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of entire samples that were from the same pedogenetic soil horizon (Bt) but different in mineral composition and texture ( i.e. , glacial till vs. loess). Spectra of incinerated samples were subtracted from the original spectra. Transmission FTIR and DRIFT spectra were almost identical for entire soil samples. However, the DRIFT spectra were affected by the bulk mode bands ( i.e. , wavenumbers 2000 to 1700 cm −1 ). These bands affected spectral resolution and reproducibility. The ratios between C–H and C=O band intensities as indicator for OM quality obtained with DRIFT were smaller than those obtained from transmission FTIR. The results demonstrated that DRIFT and transmission FTIR data required separate interpretations. DRIFT spectroscopy as a non‐destructive method for analyzing OM composition at intact surfaces in structured soils could be calibrated with information obtained with the more detailed transmission FTIR and complementary methods. Spectral subtraction procedure was found useful to reduce effects of mineral absorption bands. The improved DRIFT data may be related to other soil properties ( e.g. , cation exchange capacity) of hot spots in structured soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v179.1
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400619
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481142-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Correcting Microtopography Effects on DRIFT Mapping Signals of Organic Matter at Intact Soil Aggregate Surfaces
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 75, No. 5 ( 2011-09), p. 1626-1639
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 75, No. 5 ( 2011-09), p. 1626-1639
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2010.0462
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Separation of Soil Macropore Types in Three‐Dimensional X‐Ray Computed Tomography Images Based on Pore Geometry Characteristics
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 1-13
    Abstract: For preferential flow modeling, different macropore types must be considered. A method was developed for separating biopores and cracks in 3D images from XRCT. The method enabled a more objective determination of structuring element sizes. The voxel‐based approach was found useful for quantification of macropore types. In structured soils, earthworm burrows, root channels, shrinkage cracks, and interaggregate spaces form complex macropore networks. Depending on the type and morphological properties, each macropore surface type is coated with specific organo‐mineral compounds, differently affecting sorption and mass exchange during preferential flow and turnover processes. For a quantitative, macropore type–specific analysis using X‐ray computed tomography (XRCT) with subsequent three‐dimensional (3D) image analysis, a discrimination of biopores from cracks and interaggregate spaces is necessary. We developed a method that allows separating biopores from other larger macropores in 3D images from XRCT of intact soil cores. An image‐processing workflow using the MAVI (Modular Algorithms for Volume Images) software framework ToolIP (Tool for Image Processing) was created to handle XRCT 3D images. Masking steps enabled to retain the surface roughness in the resulting two images of separated biopores and cracks. As a key point, the sizes of the structuring elements used in the spherical opening and dilation were objectively determined. For this purpose, maximum differences in the pore shapes between the 3D images of cylindrical biopores vs. more flat cracks and unregularly interaggregate spaces were focused. At the given resolution of 231‐μm voxel edge length, an optimum size of 2.5 voxels was found for both processing steps. The voxel‐based approach is applicable to XRCT 3D images of different spatial resolution and appears useful for the quantification of physicochemical surface properties of different macropore types for soil volumes, enabling a more precise description of preferential flow and transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/vzj2018.09.0170
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Roughness of biopores and cracks in Bt‐horizons assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 179, No. 4 ( 2016-08), p. 529-536
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 179, No. 4 ( 2016-08), p. 529-536
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v179.4
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201600016
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481142-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Analyzing organic matter composition at intact biopore and crack surfaces by combining DRIFT spectroscopy and Pyrolysis‐Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry #
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 179, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 5-17
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 179, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 5-17
    Abstract: In the clay‐illuvial horizons (Bt) of Luvisols, surfaces of biopores and aggregates can be enriched in clay and organic matter (OM), relative to the bulk of the soil matrix. The OM composition of these coatings determines their bio‐physico‐chemical properties and is relevant for transport and transformation processes but is largely unknown at the molecular scale. The objective of this study was to improve the interpretation of spectra from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode (DRIFT) by using thermograms and released ion intensities obtained with pyrolysis‐field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS) for a more detailed analysis of the mm‐scale spatial distribution of OM components at intact structural surfaces. Samples were separated from earthworm burrow walls, crack coatings, uncoated cracks, root channels, and pinhole fillings of the Bt‐horizons of Luvisols. The information from Py‐FI mass spectra enabled the assignment of OM functional groups also from spectral regions of overlapping DRIFT signal intensities to specific OM compound classes. In particular, bands from C=O and C=C bonds in the infrared range of wave numbers between 1,641 and 1,605 cm −1 were related to heterocyclic N‐compounds, benzonitrile, and naphthalene. The OM at earthworm burrow walls was composed of chemically labile aliphatic C‐rich and rather stable lignin and alkylaromatic compounds whereas the OM of thick crack coatings and pinholes was dominated by heterocyclic N and nitriles and high‐molecular compounds, likely originating from combustion residues. In combination with Py‐FIMS, DRIFT applications to intact samples seem promising for generating a more detailed mm‐scale spatial distribution of OM‐related sorption and wettability properties of crack and biopore surfaces that may serve as preferential flow paths in structured soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v179.1
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201400620
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481142-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Effect of vegetation and its succession on water repellency in sandy soils
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecohydrology Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2018-09)
    Details
    In: Ecohydrology, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2018-09)
    Abstract: Vegetation and its succession can change the parameters of soil water repellency (SWR) due to the change in amount and composition of soil organic matter. This hypothesis was tested in natural and agricultural environments in Germany, Hungary, and Slovakia. The parameters investigated were the extent (determined by the repellency indices RI , RI c , and RI m ) and persistence (determined by the water drop penetration time and water repellency cessation time) of SWR, as well as the potential wettability index of organic matter in sandy soils. The SWR parameters and soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased in the course of primary succession at Mehlinger Heide, Germany, and Sekule, Slovakia. Dye tracer experiments undertaken at Sekule revealed contrasting flow patterns: (a) preferential flow in water‐repellent soil under biological soil crust and grass and (b) piston flow in wettable soil that consists almost of pure quartz sand. The effective flow cross section decreased, and the degree of preferential flow increased in the course of primary succession at Sekule. No consistent trend of the SWR parameters and SOC was observed in the course of secondary succession at Csólyospálos, Hungary. This is the first time that differences between trends in SWR parameters due to primary and secondary successions were observed and related to the composition of SOC and extracellular polymeric substances. It can be concluded that dynamics of soil organic matter composition during the succession controls SWR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1936-0584 , 1936-0592
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eco.v11.6
    DOI: 10.1002/eco.1991
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2418105-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macropore–matrix mass transfer of reactive solutes quantified by fluorescence imaging
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-01)
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2020-01)
    Abstract: A wetting experiment with a reactive and fluorescent dye was performed. Dye concentrations were mapped at intact soil structural surfaces. Millimeter‐scaled Na‐fluorescein mass distribution maps were derived. The method was validated by comparing applied and recovered dye masses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.v19.1
    DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20078
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    DRIFT Mapping of Organic Matter Composition at Intact Soil Aggregate Surfaces
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2010-05), p. 317-324
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2010-05), p. 317-324
    Abstract: In structured soils, interaction of percolating water and reactive solutes with the soil matrix is often restricted to the outer surfaces of the preferential flow paths. Such surfaces of soil aggregates and biopores are mostly covered by organic matter (OM) that finally controls wettability, sorption, and transfer properties of the flow pathways. However, the local OM properties along such surfaces are largely unknown to date because the coatings are relatively thin and vulnerable. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the local two‐dimensional distribution of soil OM composition at intact aggregate surfaces that serve as preferential flow paths. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, DRIFT) was applied to determine transects and grids of OM functional group data (i.e., CH/CO ratios) on undisturbed and intact surfaces of soil aggregate samples using a DRIFT mapping procedure in 1‐mm steps. The aggregate sample surfaces could be distinguished by DRIFT mapping in areas from earthworm burrows, root channels, and aggregate coatings. The water drop infiltration time of these structural surfaces appeared to correspond with CH/CO ratios for uncoated crack surfaces but less so for earthworm burrows. The results show that coatings at preferential flow‐path surfaces differed locally in terms of OM composition, distribution, and possibly also in wettability, indicating yet unknown implications for preferential movement of water and reactive solutes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/vzj2009.0101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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