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  • Frontiers Media SA  (6)
  • 2020-2024  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PIC Simulations of the MS4 Thruster
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Physics Vol. 10 ( 2022-2-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-2-25)
    Abstract: Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations are used to model the MS4 test thruster of Thales Deutschland. Given as input the geometric shape, material components, magnetic field and the operating parameters of the experiment, the model is able to reproduce the experimentally observed emission pattern in the plume. This is determined by the magnetic field line structure and the resulting plasma dynamics in the near-field region close to the exit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-424X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.833159
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721033-9
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    The Forgotten Azores Current: A Long-Term Perspective
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-28)
    Abstract: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its surface limb, the Gulf Stream, are in their weakest state since the last millennium. The consequences of this weakening in the Northeast Atlantic are not yet known. We show that the slowdown of the Gulf Stream in the 1960s, 1970s, and after 2000 may have caused a delayed weakening of the Azores Current. Concurrently, the Azores Front associated with the Azores Current migrated northward since the 1970s due to gradual changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and ocean heat content. We argue that the AMOC slowdown is also detectable in the low-energy region of the Northeast Atlantic and that the dynamics of Azores Current tightly connects to that of the dynamics of the Gulf Stream and AMOC on decadal and longer time scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.842251
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-14)
    Abstract: Myocarditis-like findings after COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection and vaccination were reported by applying cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). These results are very heterogenous and dependent on several factors such as hospital admission or outpatient treatment, timing of CMR, and symptomatic load. This retrospective study aimed to identify differences in myocardial damage in patients with persistent symptoms both after COVID-19 infection and vaccine by applying CMR. Materials and Methods This study entails a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred for CMR between August 2020 and November 2021 with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Patients were compared to healthy controls (HC). All patients underwent a CMR examination in a 1.5-T scanner with a scan protocol including: cine imaging for biventricular function and strain assessment using feature tracking, T2 mapping for the quantification of edema, and T1 mapping for diffuse fibrosis and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for the detection and quantification of focal fibrosis. Patients were divided into a subacute COVID-19 (sCov) group with symptoms lasting & lt; 12 weeks, post-COVID-19 (pCov) group with symptoms & gt; 12 weeks, and patients after COVID-19 vaccination (CovVac). Results A total of 162 patients were recruited of whom 141 were included for analysis. The median age in years (interquartile range (IQR)) of the entire cohort was 45 (37–56) which included 83 women and 58 men. Subgroups were as follows (total patients per subgroup, median age in years (IQR), main gender): 34 sCov, 43 (37–52), 19 women; 63 pCov, 52 (39–58), 43 women; 44 CovVac, 43 (32–56), 23 men; 44 HC (41 (28–52), 24 women). The biventricular function was preserved and revealed no differences between the groups. No active inflammation was detected by T2 mapping. Global T1 values were higher in pCov in comparison with HC (median (IQR) in ms: pCov 1002ms (981–1023) vs. HC 987ms (963–1009; p = 0.005) with other parings revealing no differences. In 49/141 (34.6%) of patients, focal fibrosis was detectable with the majority having a non-ischemic pattern (43/141; 30.4%; patients) with the subgroups after infection having more often a subepicardial pattern compared with CovVac (total (% of group): sCov: 7/34(21%); pCov 13/63(21%); CovVac 2/44(5%); p = 0.04). Conclusion Patients after COVID-19 infection showed more focal fibrosis in comparison with patients after COVID-19 vaccination without alterations in the biventricular function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916922
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916922.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Pharmacology Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-24)
    Abstract: Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g. , in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-9812
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956541
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587355-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Table_3.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Vol. 12 ( 2021-1-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-1-14)
    Abstract: Exercise intervention studies in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have demonstrated inconsistent yet promising results. Addressing the limitations of previous studies, this trial investigated the effects of a 12-month structured exercise program on the progression of MCI. The NeuroExercise study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial across three European countries (Ireland, Netherlands, Germany). Hundred and eighty-three individuals with amnestic MCI were included and were randomized to a 12-month exercise intervention (3 units of 45 min) of either aerobic exercise (AE; n = 60), stretching and toning exercise (ST; n = 65) or to a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 58). The primary outcome, cognitive performance, was determined by an extensive neuropsychological test battery. For the primary complete case (CC) analyses, between-group differences were analyzed with analysis of covariance under two conditions: (1) the exercise group (EG = combined AE and ST groups) compared to the CG and (2) AE compared to ST. Primary analysis of the full cohort ( n = 166, 71.5 years; 51.8% females) revealed no between-group differences in composite cognitive score [mean difference (95% CI)], 0.12 [(−0.03, 0.27), p = 0.13] or in any cognitive domain or quality of life. VO 2 peak was significantly higher in the EG compared to the CG after 12 months [−1.76 (−3.39, −0.10), p = 0.04]. Comparing the two intervention groups revealed a higher VO 2 peak level in the aerobic exercise compared to the stretching and toning group, but no differences for the other outcomes. A 12-month exercise intervention did not change cognitive performance in individuals with amnestic MCI in comparison to a non-exercise CG. An intervention effect on physical fitness was found, which may be an important moderator for long term disease progression and warrants long-term follow-up investigations. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02913053 , identifier: NCT02913053.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-4365
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.621947
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.621947.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.621947.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.621947.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2558898-9
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Video_2.MP4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 10 ( 2023-2-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-2-14)
    Abstract: Non-invasive assessment of aortic hemodynamics using four dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides new information on blood flow patterns and wall shear stress (WSS). Aortic valve stenosis (AS) and/or bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are associated with altered aortic flow patterns and elevated WSS. Aim of this study was to investigate changes in aortic hemodynamics over time in patients with AS and/or BAV with or without aortic valve replacement. Methods We rescheduled 20 patients for a second 4D flow MRI examination, whose first examination was at least 3 years prior. A total of 7 patients received an aortic valve replacement between baseline and follow up examination (=operated group = OP group). Aortic flow patterns (helicity/vorticity) were assessed using a semi-quantitative grading approach from 0 to 3, flow volumes were evaluated in 9 planes, WSS in 18 and peak velocity in 3 areas. Results While most patients had vortical and/or helical flow formations within the aorta, there was no significant change over time. Ascending aortic forward flow volumes were significantly lower in the OP group than in the NOP group at baseline (NOP 69.3 mL ± 14.2 mL vs. OP 55.3 mL ± 1.9 mL p  = 0.029). WSS in the outer ascending aorta was significantly higher in the OP group than in the NOP group at baseline (NOP 0.6 ± 0.2 N/m 2 vs. OP 0.8 ± 0.2 N/m 2 , p  = 0.008). Peak velocity decreased from baseline to follow up in the aortic arch only in the OP group (1.6 ± 0.6 m/s vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 m/s, p  = 0.018). Conclusion Aortic valve replacement influences aortic hemodynamics. The parameters improve after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071643
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071643.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071643.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071643.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1071643.s004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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