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  • SAGE Publications  (14)
  • Hildebrandt, Helmut  (14)
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  • SAGE Publications  (14)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working Memory Training and Semantic Structuring Improves Remembering Future Events, Not Past Events
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 33-40
    Details
    In: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 33-40
    Abstract: Objectives. Memory training in combination with practice in semantic structuring and word fluency has been shown to improve memory performance. This study investigated the efficacy of a working memory training combined with exercises in semantic structuring and word fluency and examined whether training effects generalize to other cognitive tasks. Methods. In this double-blind randomized control study, 36 patients with memory impairments following brain damage were allocated to either the experimental or the active control condition, with both groups receiving 9 hours of therapy. The experimental group received a computer-based working memory training and exercises in word fluency and semantic structuring. The control group received the standard memory therapy provided in the rehabilitation center. Patients were tested on a neuropsychological test battery before and after therapy, resulting in composite scores for working memory; immediate, delayed, and prospective memory; word fluency; and attention. Results. The experimental group improved significantly in working memory and word fluency. The training effects also generalized to prospective memory tasks. No specific effect on episodic memory could be demonstrated. Conclusion. Combined treatment of working memory training with exercises in semantic structuring is an effective method for cognitive rehabilitation of organic memory impairment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-9683 , 1552-6844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1545968314527352
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2100545-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Cueing Treatment of Neglect in Stroke Patients Leads to Improvements in Activities of Daily Living: A Randomized Controlled, Crossover Trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Vol. 32, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 988-998
    Details
    In: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 988-998
    Abstract: Background. Visuospatial neglect is a disabling syndrome with serious consequences for activities in daily life. This study investigated the effect of adaptive cueing during a reading task as a possible treatment for neglect by including (1) a task relevant for the patient’s daily life, (2) a fading out procedure to stimulate independent orientation to the left by self-cueing, and (3) a clear definition of neglect severity for the adaptive treatment protocol. Methods. A randomized controlled crossover design was used, including 26 patients from an early rehabilitation unit with left-sided visuospatial neglect after stroke or hemorrhage. They were examined twice at baseline (T1, T2), after 15 daily sessions in 1 condition (T3), and again after 15 daily sessions in the other condition (T4). The intervention condition included a daily reading task combined with endogenous and exogenous cues provided by a therapist, which were continuously reduced after a patient had reached a defined level of performance. The control condition consisted of a neuropsychological treatment of the same length, not targeting visuospatial attention. Results. Significant improvements were shown after intervention on scores for reading (word and text reading), daily life activities (Catherine Bergego Scale), Line Bisection, and the Clock Drawing Task. Conclusion. This study shows that adaptive cueing in a reading task can improve neglect symptoms by using an intensive intervention lasting 3 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-9683 , 1552-6844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1545968318807054
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2100545-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is there a cognitive signature for MS-related fatigue?
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 376-381
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 376-381
    Abstract: The compensatory approach of fatigue argues that it is a state caused by task load. The neuropsychiatric approach argues that fatigue is a trait (like depression), unrelated to environmental challenges. We propose that fatigue is an internal state that can be measured behaviorally only by applying specific cognitive tasks. PubMed was searched for articles concerning the relation between fatigue and cognitive performance or brain atrophy or functional MRI, distinguishing between the following cognitive domains: learning/memory, cognitive speed/selective attention, language, visuospatial processing, working memory, alerting/vigilance. Only tasks assessing alerting/vigilance are strongly related to fatigue. Areas with brain atrophy in fatigue patients overlap with brain regions activated in healthy controls performing alerting/vigilance tasks. Fatigue is not a compensatory state, nor a psychogenic trait. It is a feeling with behavioral effects that seems to be caused by brain atrophy or a neurochemical dysfunction of the alerting/vigilance system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458514549567
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is there a cognitive signature for MS-related fatigue? Response to Feinstein
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 575-576
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 575-576
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458515595133
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-reported sleep problems, but not fatigue, lead to decline in sustained attention in MS patients
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 490-497
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 490-497
    Abstract: According to the compensation theory, fatigue in MS results from efforts to compensate for a reduction in capacity due to demyelination or neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been argued that fatigue may result from poor sleep. Both explanations predict a worsening of fatigue and a cognitive decline during sustained attention tasks (higher fatigability). Method: We compared MS patients with and without self-reported cognitive fatigue, in three sessions with a two-back working memory task, registering hits and response latencies as well as changes in fatigue. In the two breaks between the sessions, either a video instruction to relax or a stimulating video was presented. Subsequently, patients were divided into those with and those without self-reported sleep problems and the analyses were repeated. Results: Patients with fatigue performed worse than healthy controls, irrespective of task duration and type of video during the break. The task-related increase of fatigue also did not differ between the groups and no differential effect of the videos was observed in the MS patients with fatigue. In contrast, patients with sleep problems did show a performance decline as predicted by the compensation theory. Conclusion: MS patients with fatigue were impaired in working memory, but did not show greater fatigability, whereas MS participants with self-reported sleep problems showed fatigability, which could be improved with a restorative rest period. Our data therefore do not support the compensation theory of fatigue, and we argue that sleep problems and fatigue in MS patients differ with respect to their functional consequences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458512457719
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Endovascular therapy versus thrombolysis in patients with anterior circulation stroke in everyday clinical practice
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2016-07), p. 544-548
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2016-07), p. 544-548
    Abstract: In patients with large vessel occlusions, endovascular treatment has been shown to be superior to intravenous thrombolysis in recent trials. Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of endovascular treatment on clinical and radiological outcome in everyday clinical practice. Methods We compared the rates of good outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2 at discharge), in-hospital death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages, and infarct sizes in patients with distal intracranial carotid artery, M1 and M2 occlusions during two time periods. Results From January 2008 to October 2012, a total of 509 patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis and from November 2012 to December 2014, a total of 270 patients received endovascular treatment with stent retrievers (with or without intravenous thrombolysis). Significantly, more patients in the endovascular treatment group than in the intravenous thrombolysis group had a good outcome (37% vs. 27%, p  〈  0.01). The infarct sizes were significantly smaller after endovascular treatment than intravenous thrombolysis, whereas the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages rates and in-hospital mortality were comparable between both treatment groups. The positive impact of endovascular treatment on clinical outcome was most pronounced in patients ≥75 years (31% endovascular treatment vs. 19% intravenous thrombolysis, p  〈  0.01), in patients with M1 occlusions (43% endovascular treatment vs. 25% intravenous thrombolysis, p  〈  0.01) and in patients with an admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥ 14 (24% endovascular treatment vs. 11% intravenous thrombolysis, p  〈  0.05). Conclusion In everyday clinical practice and compared with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular treatment significantly improved clinical outcome and was associated with smaller infarctions. This beneficial effect appeared to be highest in older patients, more severely affected patients, and in those with M1 occlusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1747493016641948
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Collateral Circulation on Early Outcome and Risk of Hemorrhagic Complications after Systemic Thrombolysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2014-12), p. 992-998
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2014-12), p. 992-998
    Abstract: In stroke patients, collateral flow can rapidly be assessed on computed tomography angiography (CTA). Aims In this study, the impact of baseline collaterals on early outcome and risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages after systemic thrombolysis in patients with proximal arterial occlusions within the anterior circulation were analyzed. Methods Collateralization scores were determined on the CT angiography source images (0 = absent; 1 ≤ 50%, 2 〉 50% but 〈 100%, and 3 = 100% collateral filling) of patients with distal intracranial carotid artery and/or M1 segment occlusions treated from 2008 to December 2011. A collateral score of 0 to 1 was designated as poor and 2 to 3 as good collateral vessel status. Outcome variables included in hospital mortality, favorable outcome at discharge (modified Rankin score ≤ 2), and rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage based on the European–Australasian Acute Stroke Study II definition. Results Among 246 subjects (mean age of 74 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale N at admission 14), 205 patients (83%) had good collaterals, whereas 41 patients (17%) had poor collaterals, respectively. Patients with poor collaterals had significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (41% vs. 12%, P 〈 0·001), of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (15% vs. 4·9%, P 〈 0·05) and had significantly lower rates of favorable early clinical outcome (0% vs. 28%, P 〈 0·001) compared with those with good collaterals. The grade of collateralization was independently associated with in-hospital mortality ( P 〈 0·001), early clinical outcome ( P 〈 0·01), and rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage ( P 〈 0·01). Conclusion Patients with proximal arterial occlusions within the anterior circulation and poor baseline collaterals have a poor early functional outcome and high rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after systemic thrombolysis. Since similar findings have also been reported after endovascular therapy, strategies to improve collateral blood flow should be assessed in this patient population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00922.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of an executive function intervention programme in MS: a placebo-controlled and pseudo-randomized trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2010-09), p. 1148-1151
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2010-09), p. 1148-1151
    Abstract: We evaluated a rehabilitation programme for executive deficits in multiple sclerosis patients by comparing outcome scores of a cognitive intervention group (CIG; n = 11) with those of a placebo group ( n = 14) and an untreated group ( n = 15). Executive functioning and verbal learning improved significantly more in the CIG. The treatment effect on verbal learning was still present at 1-year follow-up. Baseline brain atrophy, quantified by the brain parenchymal fraction, was associated with treatment effects for one aspect of executive functioning. Consequently, cognitive intervention may be beneficial and baseline brain atrophy has some predictive value in determining treatment outcome for executive functioning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458510375440
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Three Arguments Against Methodological Solipsism as a Research Strategy of Psychology
    SAGE Publications ; 1993
    In:  Theory & Psychology Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 1993-02), p. 35-56
    Details
    In: Theory & Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 1993-02), p. 35-56
    Abstract: Contemporary cognitive psychologists share methodological solipsism (MS) as a general research strategy. MS postulates that a complete explanatory level dealing exclusively with processes within an organism is the domain of psychology. The paper undertakes a critical review of MS. By reanalysing the debate between proponents of MS (cf. Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1981) and proponents of ecological realism (cf. Gibson, 1966, 1979), it will be shown that MS is theoretically unsound. As a second step, problems concerning the concept of transduction and invariance detection, using movement perception as a concrete example, are discussed. Existing findings do not support the principle of MS. The third step consists in discussing the status of MS in the theory of problemsolving developed by Newell and Simon (1972). The next section of the paper is devoted to the development of a model that fulfils the conditions stipulated by the critique of the principles of MS. The last part presents a summary of the differences of the developed model in relation to MS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-3543 , 1461-7447
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0959354393031002
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027323-X
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 2 Interventions for Visual Field Loss With Standard Occupational Therapy During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2012-06), p. 463-469
    Details
    In: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, SAGE Publications, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2012-06), p. 463-469
    Abstract: Background and Purpose. Compensatory and restorative treatments have been developed to improve visual field defects after stroke. However, no controlled trials have compared these interventions with standard occupational therapy (OT). Methods. A total of 45 stroke participants with visual field defect admitted for inpatient rehabilitation were randomized to restorative computerized training (RT) using computer-based stimulation of border areas of their visual field defects or to a computer-based compensatory therapy (CT) teaching a visual search strategy. OT, in which different compensation strategies were used to train for activities of daily living, served as standard treatment for the active control group. Each treatment group received 15 single sessions of 30 minutes distributed over 3 weeks. The primary outcome measures were visual field expansion for RT, visual search performance for CT, and reading performance for both treatments. Visual conjunction search, alertness, and the Barthel Index were secondary outcomes. Results. Compared with OT, CT resulted in a better visual search performance, and RT did not result in a larger expansion of the visual field. Intragroup pre–post comparisons demonstrated that CT improved all defined outcome parameters and RT several, whereas OT only improved one. Conclusions. CT improved functional deficits after visual field loss compared with standard OT and may be the intervention of choice during inpatient rehabilitation. A larger trial that includes lesion location in the analysis is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-9683 , 1552-6844
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1545968311425927
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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