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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical profile of malaria and HIV co-infection
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Advances in Medicine Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2020-06-22), p. 1089-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Advances in Medicine, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2020-06-22), p. 1089-
    Abstract: Background: Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two common disease in India. Therefore we undertaken this study and compare the incidence clinical feature and outcome of concurrent infection of malaria and HIV infection.Methods: All the patients of fever within 7days duration were investigated for malaria, HIV and other cause of fever. Patients of concurrent HIV and malaria (Group A) were compare with HIV mono-infection (Group-B) and malaria mono-infection (Group C). Biochemical and hematological investigation were done and compared.Results: During the study period 340 patients of malaria were admitted concurrent infection HIV and malaria was found in 52 (15.29%). There were 52 (15.29), 120 (21.7%) and 340 (72.5%) in Group A, B and C respectively. The clinical feature of concurrent infection were more like HIV than malaria. Unlike malaria the outcome of concurrent infection are not good.Conclusions: The study suggested that Malaria and HIV co-infection are uncommon disease. For the diagnosis investigations for both the infections should be carried out routinely.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3933 , 2349-3925
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20202538
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients of metabolic syndrome in a rural population attending tertiary care centre
    Medip Academy ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 5, No. 9 ( 2017-08-26), p. 3898-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 5, No. 9 ( 2017-08-26), p. 3898-
    Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis now constitute the major etiology of chronic liver disease. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is rising due to the change in lifestyle habits, diet and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is closely related with the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies showed that prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising in Indian population. This study was conducted to look into the current status of the metabolic syndrome in rural population.Methods: The study was conducted among patients attending General Medicine OPD. Each participant was subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations and abdominal ultrasound. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on modified NCEP:ATP III criteria.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD was found to be 18.78% and was higher among male population (20.05%) as compared to females (17.32%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among NAFLD and control groups were 42.74% and 17.91% respectively.Conclusions: Present study has shown moderate prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome among the rural population of western Uttar Pradesh with a more male predisposition. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173703
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    To study outcome of surgical management of distal 3rd and proximal 3rd fractures of tibia in adults using expert tibial nails
    Medip Academy ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2017-06-23), p. 862-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics, Medip Academy, Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2017-06-23), p. 862-
    Abstract: 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Background: 〈 /span 〉 〈 /strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Tibia is most commonly fractured long bone. Within few years population of India and number of vehicles has increased very much. This has lead to manifold increase in not only rate of tibia fracture but also in complexity of fracture. Using interlocking nail in tibial fracture with short proximal and distal fragment render it unstable leading to frequent loss of reduction causing malunion. Multidirectional interlocking screws ensure that alignment can be well maintained and stability preserved in short proximal or distal tibial segments 〈 /span 〉 . 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Methods: 〈 /span 〉 〈 /strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 A prospective, non randomized study was conducted comprising of 30 patients of proximal and distal 1/3rd fracture of tibia in, Department of Orthopaedics, Bokaro General Hospital. The method used for fracture fixation was open/closed reduction and internal fixation with expert tibial nail. The duration of study was June 2013 to June 2016. The data thus obtained was evaluated in terms of mode of injury, associated injury, fracture pattern, etc. Also outcome was measured and complication were evaluated and treated. Functional outcome was evaluated using hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score. 〈 strong 〉 〈 /strong 〉 〈 /span 〉 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Results: 〈 /span 〉 〈 /strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 All 30 patient were followed up successfully during period of 3 years. The mean duration of radiological union in this study was 20.6 weeks, though it ranged from 18 to 26 weeks. 8 patients developed some complication in form of superficial infection, malunion etc but none of the patient had non-union of fractured bone. On the basis of hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score13 patients had excellent results; 9 had good results, 05 had fair results and 3 had poor result. Mean HSS knee score was 82.3 (SD 15.3) after 3 years of follow up 〈 /span 〉 . 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /span 〉 〈 /strong 〉 〈 span lang="EN-US" 〉 Expert tibial interlocking nail is good treatment option for distal and proximal 1/3 fracture of tibia especially in non intra-articular facture. It can be used in simple intra-articular fracture but additional hardware is required 〈 /span 〉 . 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2455-4510
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20172887
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HIV and hepatitis B co-infection - prevalence and clinical spectrum in a rural tertiary care centre of Northern India
    Medip Academy ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 5, No. 7 ( 2017-06-24), p. 3154-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 5, No. 7 ( 2017-06-24), p. 3154-
    Abstract: Background: HBV and HIV are both endemic in India. Currently, it is not well established what proportion of HIV-positive patients harbours HBV infection in India. No study was done to know the epidemiology of HBV HIV Co infection in rural population of Northern India. So, this study was done to explore the impact of HBV in HIV patients.Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted on HIV-HBV co infected patients who attended the ART Clinic at ART centre, Department of Medicine, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, after obtaining informed consent.Results: Out of these 1751 HIV patients 919 were eligible for start on ART and the remaining were treatment naïve patients. Out of these 1751 HIV positive patients 79 patients were HBS Ag positive. Thus, the prevalence of HBV-HIV co infection at our ART centre was found to be around 4.5%. 68 patients were found to be eligible for start of ART drugs. Out of these 68 patients on ART, 46 (67.6%) patients were alive, 9 (13.2%) were transferred out, 5 (7.4%) patients were lost to follow up (LFU) and 8 (11.8%) expired till the end of the study.Conclusions: HBV co infection is common in HIV serology positive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality especially in the presence of other concurrent cause of liver injury. HBV co infection might associate with severe hepatotoxicity during intake of HAART regimen. For these reasons, prevention and treatment of HBV infection is mandatory in HIV serology positive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173005
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The study about mindset of COVID-19 vaccination among health care employees and general population at tertiary care hospital
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 679-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 679-
    Abstract: Background: Definitive treatment and vaccination are basic necessity to bring down the burden of COVID-19 disease. Due to rapid development of vaccine against COVID-19, associated anxiety and mistrust raises hesitancy for vaccination. We aim to study about the mindset of COVID-19 vaccination among health care employees (HCE) and general population at tertiary care hospital in north east India.Methods: This was a cross sectional and observational study; questionnaires were distributed among 200 HCE and 400 general populations visiting at different OPD regarding their mindset for vaccination. Questionnaires consisted of parameter such as history of previous COVID-19 infection or hospitalization, co-morbidities, job status during pandemic and educational qualification and contained specific questions for causes of vaccine hesitancy.Results: In the survey participants from general population were more hesitant for vaccination as compared to HCE (p 〈 0.001). Most common cause for hesitancy among HCE was pregnancy/lactation followed by concern regarding adverse effects. Doubted efficiency and adverse effects were leading concerns (67%) for vaccine hesitancy among general population. Past history of infection or hospitalization due to COVID-19 did not affect the attitude for getting vaccinated (p 〉 0.05). Among general population, 25% had their job affected during pandemic of which 78% were in favour of vaccination.Conclusions: Increased awareness and high risk of getting infected with COVID-19 makes HCE less hesitant for vaccination. It is important to increase awareness among the general population to bring down the concerns regarding adverse effect and potency of vaccine to reduce the hesitancy for vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220044
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative study of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear disease
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2021-07-23), p. 1263-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2021-07-23), p. 1263-
    Abstract: 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 Background: 〈 /strong 〉 Biofilm is an organized bacterial community that may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic tonsillitis and chronic suppurative otitis media. Biofilms may explain the recurrence and recalcitrant episodes of otorrhea in chronic otitis media (COM). The objective of this study was to detect biofilm formation in chronic suppurative otitis media and compare the pattern of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear diseases. 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 Methods: 〈 /strong 〉 This was a prospective cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients included in the study ranged from 10 to 65 years of age from  both the sexes and varying socioeconomic status. Samples were collected using sterile precautions in cases of tubotympanic as well as atticoantral COM. The collected samples were directly inoculated onto MacConkey and blood agar media. LisaScan® EM microtitter plate reader was used to identify the presence of biofilm. 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 Results: 〈 /strong 〉 The most common organism was 〈 em 〉 P. aeruginosa 〈 /em 〉 and 〈 em 〉 S. aureus 〈 /em 〉 followed by 〈 em 〉 Moraxella catarrhalis 〈 /em 〉 whereas in cases with tubotympanic COM, most common organism was 〈 em 〉 S. aureus 〈 /em 〉 . We found that, in atticoantral type of COM biofilm formation was significantly more common as compared to that in tubotympanic type of COM. 〈 /p 〉 〈 p class="abstract" 〉 〈 strong 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /strong 〉 Biofilm formation in COM is even higher when atticoantral disease is present. 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2454-5937 , 2454-5929
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212823
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GIST a rare abdominal tumor and our surgical experience
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-09-27), p. 2225-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-09-27), p. 2225-
    Abstract: Background: GISTs are rare abdominal tumors, encountered as the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to GI bleeding. We report a changing trend of diagnosis and management in Indian patients.Methods: The retrospective data was collected from medical records and 62 cases of GIST from 2003 to 2020 in General surgical unit of BHU. They were divided in three groups. In group A (36) patients only surgery, group B (14) patients surgery than adjuvant chemotherapy and in group C (12) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy then surgery. Preoperatively, USG and CT scans of the abdomen were the main investigations, others being upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and chest x-ray confirm by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.Results: The mean age at presentation was 42.8 years (range 17-74 years) and mean duration of symptoms was of 5 months (range 10 days-2 years). It was from the stomach, (06) duodenum (14) jejunum, (06) ileum, (1) caecum and (4) from the mesentery and (4) from retroperitoneum. 44 cases had low grade benign tumors and 18 malignancies. In group A, 22 (61%) patients showed recurrence in group B, 06, (42%) patients showed recurrence and group C, 02 (33%) patient showed recurrence.Conclusions: Most of the tumours were benign and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. However, the patients in which only surgery was done showed maximum recurrence and patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy then surgery followed adjuvant chemotherapy showed minimum recurrence. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222527
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pattern of ileal perforation in our experience; a tertiary care centre in Eastern India
    Medip Academy ; 2018
    In:  International Surgery Journal Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2018-05-24), p. 2081-
    Details
    In: International Surgery Journal, Medip Academy, Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2018-05-24), p. 2081-
    Abstract: Background: Perforation peritonitis is one of the common acute abdomen admitted in emergency department for emergency laparotomy. Pattern and aetiology of ileal perforation varies from developed and developing countries where infectious diseases are still highly prevalent.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over 3 years period in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Total 118 patients were enrolled for this study after confirmation of ileal perforation on exploratory laparotomy.Results: Out of total 118 patients 52 cases (44%) were in traumatic, typhoid causes perforation in 86% (57 cases) tuberculosis in 14% (9 cases) and 66 cases (56%) were in non-traumatic group, penetrating injury is more common than blunt trauma abdomen. Males are more commonly affected than females in among all cases of ileal perforation. Patients with traumatic ileal perforation seek early medical attention as most of the patients (44%) admitted within 12 hours after accident where as in case of non-traumatic cases 53% patients admitted after 2 days. Most common operative procedure performed is Loop ileostomy in case of non-traumatic perforation (49%) and Resection and anastomosis preferred in traumatic perforation (63%). Mortality rate is about 20% in all types of perforation.Conclusions: In developing countries like India typhoid perforation is still most common cause of ileal perforation. Loop ileostomy is more preferred procedure in infectious cases but resection and anastomosis in case of traumatic perforation in our institute.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-2902 , 2349-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181996
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A questionnaire based comparative study on dry lab versus wet lab among second year medical undergraduates in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-25), p. 1816-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-25), p. 1816-
    Abstract: Background: Objective of the study was to identify whether there is any benefit of integrating dry lab/computer assisted lab (CAL) tool with conventional teaching/wet lab in experimental part of pharmacology.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 158 second year medical undergraduates in the department of pharmacology. The questionnaire was distributed among students with proper prior instructions in practical class. Students willing to participate in the study were included.Results: Total 94.9% were in the favour of replacing conventional teaching with CAL lab learning, 74.7% felt conventional lab to be more complex, 92.4% has the opinion of CAL lab result has less error along with that majority student felt it to be less time consuming, need lesser assistance and enhance learning. 67% student also felt real experimentation can’t be learned by CAL tool and 83.5% have their thought that CAL lab can never help them in exercising real experiment.Conclusions: Although there is no substitution of conventional teaching methods, in this new era of information and technology CAL lab can be the saviour to students in making better understanding and enhancing the performance without help of experimental animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2279-0780 , 2319-2003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205116
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681376-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Rational use and cost variation analysis of antitussive-expectorants available in the Indian market: a pharmacoeconomic study
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-11-22), p. 1342-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-11-22), p. 1342-
    Abstract: Background: Antitussive-expectorants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs by physicians in clinical practice. Upper respiratory tract infections, such as common cold, acute pharyngitis and acute trachea-bronchitis, are the most common of all communicable diseases and significantly increase OPD burden. This study aimed to assess the rational use, cost ratio, and percentage cost variations in different brands of the commonly prescribed antitussive-expectorants available in the Indian market.Methods: The cost of antitussive-expectorant manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was obtained by using drug today Jan-April 2021 vol 2. The maximum and minimum price was noted down, cost ratio and percentage cost variation of the individual formulation were analysed.  Results: Analysis of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each formulation of the antitussive-expectorants drug, syrup (100 ml) chlorpheniramine (2 mg), dextromethorphan (10 mg), phenylephrine (5 mg) combinations show the highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 5.30 and 430.25 respectively, and syrup (100 ml) dextromethorphan (10 mg), guaifenesin (100 mg), phenylephrine (25 mg), chlorpheniramine (4 mg) combinations show lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 1.17 and 17.69 respectively.Conclusions: There was a wide variation in the cost of different brands of antitussive-expectorant drugs available in the Indian market. So, clinicians should be aware of rational use and variations in cost to reduce the treatment cost and increase patient compliance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2279-0780 , 2319-2003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214474
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681376-2
    SSG: 15,3
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