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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice & International Finance Corporation
    UID:
    gbv_173591424X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9366
    Content: There is growing interest in impact investing, the idea of deploying capital to obtain both financial and social or environmental returns. Examination of every equity investment made by one of the largest and longest-operating impact investors across 130 emerging market and developing economies shows this portfolio has outperformed the S and P 500 by 15 percent. Investments in larger economies have higher returns, and returns decline as banking systems deepen and countries relax capital controls. These results are consistent with imperfect integration of international capital markets and the thesis of impact investing that some eligible markets do not receive sufficient investment capital
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Cole, Shawn Long-Run Returns to Impact Investing in Emerging Market and Developing Economies Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Mölders, Florian 1983-
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_844109142
    Format: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/04
    Content: Most of the projections of the cost of meeting climate change mitigation targets hinge crucially upon assumptions made about the cost and timing of the development of breakthrough technologies. However, very little is known about the conditions which are likely to give rise to breakthrough technologies. This paper seeks to uncover attributes of inventions – as reflected in patent data – which serve as “leading indicators” of subsequent technological and market development in climate change mitigation technologies. The role of industrial generality emerges as being robustly correlated with subsequent technological diffusion, whether measured as subsequent patent counts, commercial applicability, or attractiveness to risk finance. The indicator of closeness to science shows also a positive association with later technological diffusion. Originality and radicalness have more ambiguous results. This work can be seen as a foundation for the future development of a methodology providing guidance to policymakers in the choices made with respect to public support for different technological fields.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1893119513
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research DP19189
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Wagner, Alexander F. 1975-
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    UID:
    gbv_1040816568
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8599
    Content: India has attained much economic success in the past three decades. Yet an economic deceleration in recent years has generated worried commentaries about the country's growth outlook. This paper offers a long-term perspective on India's growth experience. Analyzing the past five decades of data, the paper notes that growth has slowly but steadily accelerated, become less erratic, and been well diversified across sectors and states. A more granular assessment of the period since the early 1990s finds that there were three distinct phases of growth: a period of slow acceleration from 1991 to the early 2000s; a short period of unusually rapid growth, with certain features of unsustainability, during 2004-08; and a corrective slowdown that started with the global financial crisis in 2008. The slowdown has been reflected most profoundly in investment, credit, and exports. Even as the economy has now recovered to a growth rate of 7 to 7.5 percent, durably accelerating it to a higher level will require a concerted policy momentum that succeeds in reversing the slowdown in investment, credit supply, and exports; and support from the global economy. Maintaining the hard-won macroeconomic stability, implementing a definite and durable solution to the banking sector issues, and realizing the expected growth and fiscal dividend from the Goods and Services Tax are some of the other factors that can help attain a higher growth rate
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Ahmad, Junaid Kamal India's Growth Story Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1665845759
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8703
    Content: The South African government offers various support mechanisms to support Eskom, the state-owned electric utility, and the independent power producers in providing low-cost electricity, including credit and payment guarantees. Guarantees constitute contingent liabilities to the government and pose risks to government finances. This note illustrates the methodologies explored by South Africa to assess the credit risk from guarantees extended to Eskom. To manage and closely monitor this risk, a dedicated Credit Risk directorate in the Asset and Liability Management division at the National Treasury of South Africa has implemented a risk assessment and management framework, supported by the World Bank Treasury. The team developed a sector-specific internal credit rating methodology to assess Eskom's creditworthiness. Additionally, the team developed a scenario analysis methodology to assess Eskom's ability to service debt from cash flows and cash reserves. The scenario analysis tool is currently used on an ad hoc basis to feed into the various scenarios that are considered for the budget process. Risk assessments are reported to the Fiscal Liabilities Committee on a quarterly basis for risk monitoring and to support recommendations for taking on new contingent liabilities, such as government guarantees. The Fiscal Liabilities Committee advises the minister of finance and is responsible for the determination of the processes and policies for approving guarantees and guarantee-like transactions. The Fiscal Liabilities Committee is generally mandated to promote the optimum management of the government's contingent liabilities, including guarantees. The implementation of further risk mitigation and monitoring tools, such as risk-based guarantee fees, budget allocations, and a contingency reserve account, is under discussion
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bachmair, Fritz Florian Managing South Africa's Exposure to Eskom: How to Evaluate the Credit Risk from the Sovereign Guarantees? Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1663070652
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2018, 11
    Content: This paper describes and evaluates the OECD methodology to estimate Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), in line with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1741525519
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (71 Seiten) , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9789264638358
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Content: This report takes stock of processes that promote the systematic use of evidence in decision making in Austria’s education system. It builds on an online survey among over 6500 decision makers, drawing on responses from executives in the Austrian Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Research; regional education directorates; school supervision and school leaders. The report identifies what it takes to strengthen the opportunity, capability and motivation of decision makers at all levels of the education system to use evidence effectively for their respective practice – including teaching and quality assurance. It assesses respective strengths and weaknesses in current processes and in opportunities available to decision makers. The report develops possible next steps to inform further discussions. The publication is part of OECD work on strategic education governance, which supports countries in identifying the best ways to achieve national objectives in a context of multi-level governance structures and complex environments. The work identifies and promotes effective governance processes in the domains of accountability, capacity, knowledge governance, stakeholder involvement, strategic thinking and adopting a whole-of-system perspective. This publication will be of interest to policy makers, education leaders, the education research community and all those interested in education governance.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9789264943209
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Köster, Florian Promoting education decision makers' use of evidence in Austria Paris : OECD Publishing, 2020 ISBN 9789264943209
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1877969311
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research DP18741
    Content: This paper empirically studies the role of fiscal constraints for disaster vulnerability and investment decisions in a global sample of firms. We build novel firm-level measures of exposure to fiscal constraints based on the sales distributions of firms across countries. This approach allows us to exploit variation among firms headquartered in the same country and operating in the same industry. During disasters, more exposed firms become riskier, as evidenced by an increase in their market comovement, coupled with discussions on fiscal constraints risk during earnings conference calls. Pre-disaster, firms with larger exposures to fiscal constraints realize higher returns, use higher discount rates in investment decisions, and invest less in tangible capital and R&D. Our findings suggest that fiscal constraints affect long-term growth through a risk-based disaster-vulnerability channel.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1877418307
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 138 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research DP18731
    Content: How does group identity affect belief formation? To address this question, we conduct a series of online experiments with a representative sample of individuals in the US. Using the setting of the 2020 US presidential election, we find evidence of intergroup preference across three distinct components of the belief formation cycle: a biased prior belief, avoidance of outgroup information sources, and a belief-updating process that places greater (less) weight on prior (new) information. We further find that an intervention reducing the salience of information sources decreases outgroup information avoidance by 50%. In a social learning context in wave 2, we find participants place 33% more weight on ingroup than outgroup guesses. Through two waves of interventions, we identify source utility as the mechanism driving group effects in belief formation. Our analyses indicate that our observed effects are driven by groupy participants who exhibit stable and consistent intergroup preferences in both allocation decisions and belief formation across all three waves. These results suggest that policymakers could reduce the salience of group and partisan identity associated with a policy to decrease outgroup information avoidance and increase policy uptake.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Bauer, Kevin 1991-
    Author information: Hett, Florian 1984-
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_756606144
    Format: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 150
    Content: Understanding trade costs is essential for formulating policy interventions designed to reduce such costs. This report synthesises all OECD work on cost factors across the entire trade chain. These factors can be located behind the border, such as non-tariff regulatory measures, market access restrictions, trade finance availability and costs and general impediments on doing business; crossing the border, such as documentation and customs compliance requirements, lengthy administrative procedures and other delays; and in all stages of the international trade chain, such as transport infrastructure and logistics. The report proposes a series of questions to help identify priority areas, taking into account country specificities. The strong interdependencies between cost factors, magnified by the prevalence of global value chains, mean that policies to address costs and facilitate trade need to be undertaken in a comprehensive manner, although the cost-benefit ratio of certain trade facilitation reforms, particularly at the border, may offer immediate and significant benefits.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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