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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A dual role for planar cell polarity genes in ciliated cells
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 30 ( 2014-07-29)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 30 ( 2014-07-29)
    Abstract: In the nervous system, cilia dysfunction perturbs the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid, thus affecting neurogenesis and brain homeostasis. A role for planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in the orientation of cilia (rotational polarity) and ciliogenesis is established. However, whether and how PCP regulates cilia positioning in the apical domain (translational polarity) in radial progenitors and ependymal cells remain unclear. By analysis of a large panel of mutant mice, we show that two PCP signals are operating in ciliated cells. The first signal, controlled by cadherin, EGF-like, laminin G-like, seven-pass, G-type receptor (Celsr) 2, Celsr3 , Frizzled3 ( Fzd3 ) and Van Gogh like2 ( Vangl2 ) organizes multicilia in individual cells (single-cell polarity), whereas the second signal, governed by Celsr1 , Fzd3 , and Vangl2 , coordinates polarity between cells in both radial progenitors and ependymal cells (tissue polarity). Loss of either of these signals is associated with specific defects in the cytoskeleton. Our data reveal unreported functions of PCP and provide an integrated view of planar polarization of the brain ciliated cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404988111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NeuroD1 induces terminal neuronal differentiation in olfactory neurogenesis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2010
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2010-01-19), p. 1201-1206
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2010-01-19), p. 1201-1206
    Abstract: After their generation and specification in periventricular regions, neuronal precursors maintain an immature and migratory state until their arrival in the respective target structures. Only here are terminal differentiation and synaptic integration induced. Although the molecular control of neuronal specification has started to be elucidated, little is known about the factors that control the latest maturation steps. We aimed at identifying factors that induce terminal differentiation during postnatal and adult neurogenesis, thereby focusing on the generation of periglomerular interneurons in the olfactory bulb. We isolated neuronal precursors and mature neurons from the periglomerular neuron lineage and analyzed their gene expression by microarray. We found that expression of the bHLH transcription factor NeuroD1 strikingly coincides with terminal differentiation. Using brain electroporation, we show that overexpression of NeuroD1 in the periventricular region in vivo leads to the rapid appearance of cells with morphological and molecular characteristics of mature neurons in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream. Conversely, shRNA-induced knockdown of NeuroD1 inhibits terminal neuronal differentiation. Thus, expression of a single transcription factor is sufficient to induce neuronal differentiation of neural progenitors in regions that normally do not show addition of new neurons. These results suggest a considerable potential of NeuroD1 for use in cell-therapeutic approaches in the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909015107
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epigenetic regulation of promiscuous gene expression in thymic medullary epithelial cells
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2010
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107, No. 45 ( 2010-11-09), p. 19426-19431
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, No. 45 ( 2010-11-09), p. 19426-19431
    Abstract: Thymic central tolerance comprehensively imprints the T-cell receptor repertoire before T cells seed the periphery. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a pivotal role in this process by virtue of promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted autoantigens. The molecular regulation of this unusual gene expression, in particular the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms is only poorly understood. By studying promiscuous expression of the mouse casein locus, we report that transcription of this locus proceeds from a delimited region (“entry site”) to increasingly complex patterns along with mTEC maturation. Transcription of this region is preceded by promoter demethylation in immature mTECs followed upon mTEC maturation by acquisition of active histone marks and local locus decontraction. Moreover, analysis of two additional gene loci showed that promiscuous expression is transient in single mTECs. Transient gene expression could conceivably add to the local diversity of self-antigen display thus enhancing the efficacy of central tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009265107
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global CO 2 rise leads to reduced maximum stomatal conductance in Florida vegetation
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 108, No. 10 ( 2011-03-08), p. 4035-4040
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, No. 10 ( 2011-03-08), p. 4035-4040
    Abstract: A principle response of C3 plants to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 ( CO 2 ) is to reduce transpirational water loss by decreasing stomatal conductance ( g s ) and simultaneously increase assimilation rates. Via this adaptation, vegetation has the ability to alter hydrology and climate. Therefore, it is important to determine the adaptation of vegetation to the expected anthropogenic rise in CO 2 . Short-term stomatal opening–closing responses of vegetation to increasing CO 2 are described by free-air carbon enrichments growth experiments, and evolutionary adaptations are known from the geological record. However, to date the effects of decadal to centennial CO 2 perturbations on stomatal conductance are still largely unknown. Here we reconstruct a 34% (±12%) reduction in maximum stomatal conductance ( g smax ) per 100 ppm CO 2 increase as a result of the adaptation in stomatal density ( D ) and pore size at maximal stomatal opening ( a max ) of nine common species from Florida over the past 150 y. The species-specific g smax values are determined by different evolutionary development, whereby the angiosperms sampled generally have numerous small stomata and high g smax , and the conifers and fern have few large stomata and lower g smax . Although angiosperms and conifers use different D and a max adaptation strategies, our data show a coherent response in g smax to CO 2 rise of the past century. Understanding these adaptations of C3 plants to rising CO 2 after decadal to centennial environmental changes is essential for quantification of plant physiological forcing at timescales relevant for global warming, and they are likely to continue until the limits of their phenotypic plasticity are reached.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100371108
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate forcing due to optimization of maximal leaf conductance in subtropical vegetation under rising CO 2
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 108, No. 10 ( 2011-03-08), p. 4041-4046
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, No. 10 ( 2011-03-08), p. 4041-4046
    Abstract: Plant physiological adaptation to the global rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration ( CO 2 ) is identified as a crucial climatic forcing. To optimize functioning under rising CO 2 , plants reduce the diffusive stomatal conductance of their leaves ( g s ) dynamically by closing stomata and structurally by growing leaves with altered stomatal densities and pore sizes. The structural adaptations reduce maximal stomatal conductance ( g smax ) and constrain the dynamic responses of g s . Here, we develop and validate models that simulate structural stomatal adaptations based on diffusion of CO 2 and water vapor through stomata, photosynthesis, and optimization of carbon gain under the constraint of a plant physiological cost of water loss. We propose that the ongoing optimization of g smax is eventually limited by species-specific limits to phenotypic plasticity. Our model reproduces observed structural stomatal adaptations and predicts that adaptation will continue beyond double CO 2 . Owing to their distinct stomatal dimensions, angiosperms reach their phenotypic response limits on average at 740 ppm and conifers on average at 1,250 ppm CO 2 . Further, our simulations predict that doubling today's CO 2 will decrease the annual transpiration flux of subtropical vegetation in Florida by ≈60 W·m −2 . We conclude that plant adaptation to rising CO 2 is altering the freshwater cycle and climate and will continue to do so throughout this century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100555108
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reply to Miglietta et al.: Maximal transpiration controlled by plants
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 108, No. 28 ( 2011-07-12)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, No. 28 ( 2011-07-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107648108
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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