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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ectomycorrhizal Communities on the Roots of Two Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Populations from Contrasting Climates Differ in Nitrogen Acquisition in a Common Environment
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 81, No. 17 ( 2015-09), p. 5957-5967
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 17 ( 2015-09), p. 5957-5967
    Abstract: Beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), a dominant forest species in Central Europe, competes for nitrogen with soil microbes and suffers from N limitation under dry conditions. We hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal communities and the free-living rhizosphere microbes from beech trees from sites with two contrasting climatic conditions exhibit differences in N acquisition that contribute to differences in host N uptake and are related to differences in host belowground carbon allocation. To test these hypotheses, young trees from the natural regeneration of two genetically similar populations, one from dryer conditions (located in an area with a southwest exposure [SW trees]) and the other from a cooler, moist climate (located in an area with a northeast exposure [NE trees] ), were transplanted into a homogeneous substrate in the same environment and labeled with 13 CO 2 and 15 NH 4 + . Free-living rhizosphere microbes were characterized by marker genes for the N cycle, but no differences between the rhizospheres of SW or NE trees were found. Lower 15 N enrichment was found in the ectomycorrhizal communities of the NE tree communities than the SW tree communities, whereas no significant differences in 15 N enrichment were observed for nonmycorrhizal root tips of SW and NE trees. Neither the ectomycorrhizal communities nor the nonmycorrhizal root tips originating from NE and SW trees showed differences in 13 C signatures. Because the level of 15 N accumulation in fine roots and the amount transferred to leaves were lower in NE trees than SW trees, our data support the suggestion that the ectomycorrhizal community influences N transfer to its host and demonstrate that the fungal community from the dry condition was more efficient in N acquisition when environmental constraints were relieved. These findings highlight the importance of adapted ectomycorrhizal communities for forest nutrition in a changing climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01481-15
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Girdling Affects Ectomycorrhizal Fungal (EMF) Diversity and Reveals Functional Differences in EMF Community Composition in a Beech Forest
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 76, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1831-1841
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1831-1841
    Abstract: The relationships between plant carbon resources, soil carbon and nitrogen content, and ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) diversity in a monospecific, old-growth beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) forest were investigated by manipulating carbon flux by girdling. We hypothesized that disruption of the carbon supply would not affect diversity and EMF species numbers if EM fungi can be supplied by plant internal carbohydrate resources or would result in selective disappearance of EMF taxa because of differences in carbon demand of different fungi. Tree carbohydrate status, root demography, EMF colonization, and EMF taxon abundance were measured repeatedly during 1 year after girdling. Girdling did not affect root colonization but decreased EMF species richness of an estimated 79 to 90 taxa to about 40 taxa. Cenococcum geophilum , Lactarius blennius , and Tomentella lapida were dominant, colonizing about 70% of the root tips, and remained unaffected by girdling. Mainly cryptic EMF species disappeared. Therefore, the Shannon-Wiener index ( H ′) decreased but evenness was unaffected. H ′ was positively correlated with glucose, fructose, and starch concentrations of fine roots and also with the ratio of dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC/DON), suggesting that both H ′ and DOC/DON were governed by changes in belowground carbon allocation. Our results suggest that beech maintains numerous rare EMF species by recent photosynthate. These EM fungi may constitute biological insurance for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The preservation of taxa previously not known to colonize beech may, thus, form an important reservoir for future forest development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01703-09
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of a Mesorhizobium loti α-Type Carbonic Anhydrase and Its Role in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 191, No. 8 ( 2009-04-15), p. 2593-2600
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 191, No. 8 ( 2009-04-15), p. 2593-2600
    Abstract: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (EC 4.2.1.1) is a widespread enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydration of CO 2 to bicarbonate, a reaction that participates in many biochemical and physiological processes. Mesorhizobium loti , the microsymbiont of the model legume Lotus japonicus , possesses on the symbiosis island a gene (msi040) encoding an α-type CA homologue, annotated as CAA1. In the present work, the CAA1 open reading frame from M. loti strain R7A was cloned, expressed, and biochemically characterized, and it was proven to be an active α-CA. The biochemical and physiological roles of the CAA1 gene in free-living and symbiotic rhizobia were examined by using an M. loti R7A disruption mutant strain. Our analysis revealed that CAA1 is expressed in both nitrogen-fixing bacteroids and free-living bacteria during growth in batch cultures, where gene expression was induced by increased medium pH. L. japonicus plants inoculated with the CAA1 mutant strain showed no differences in top-plant traits and nutritional status but consistently formed a higher number of nodules exhibiting higher fresh weight, N content, nitrogenase activity, and δ 13 C abundance. Based on these results, we propose that although CAA1 is not essential for nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it may participate in an auxiliary mechanism that buffers the bacteroid periplasm, creating an environment favorable for NH 3 protonation, thus facilitating its diffusion and transport to the plant. In addition, changes in the nodule δ 13 C abundance suggest the recycling of at least part of the HCO 3 − produced by CAA1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.01456-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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