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  • Stabi Berlin  (24)
  • Technikmuseum Berlin
  • Stadtmuseum Berlin
  • Singh, Raju Jan  (24)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial deepening, terms of trade shocks, and growth volatility in low-income countries (2019)
    [Washington, DC] : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1666514527
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9781498303569
    Series Statement: IMF working paper WP/19, 68
    Content: This paper contributes to the literature by looking at the possible relevance of the structure of the financial system-whether financial intermediation is performed through banks or markets-for macroeconomic volatility, against the backdrop of increased policy attention on strengthening growth resilience. With low-income countries (LICs) being the most vulnerable to large and frequent terms of trade shocks, the paper focuses on a sample of 38 LICs over the period 1978-2012 and finds that banking sector development acts as a shock-absorber in poor countries, dampening the transmission of terms of trade shocks to growth volatility. Expanding the sample to 121 developing countries confirms this result, although this role of shock-absorber fades away as economies grow richer. Stock market development, by contrast, appears neither to be a shock-absorber nor a shock-amplifier for most economies. These findings are consistent across a range of econometric estimators, including fixed effect, system GMM and local projection estimates
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kpodar, Kangni Financial Deepening, Terms of Trade Shocks, and Growth Volatility in Low-Income Countries Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2019 ISBN 9781498303569
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.5089/9781498303569.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxation Reforms and Changes in Revenue Assignments in China (2004)
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_845909185
    Format: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451854854 , 9781451854855
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 04/125
    Content: The value-added tax (VAT) in China has the unusual feature that capital goods are included in the VAT base. In addition, most services are subject to the business tax, which is not creditable against VAT, but which accrues to local governments, and operates as a turnover tax. On grounds of economic efficiency, it would be desirable to eliminate these distortions so that domestic producers are not increasingly placed at a disadvantage as China dismantles tariff and nontariff barriers on competing goods. Reforming indirect taxation would however generate considerable revenue losses for local governments and, in the absence of any compensatory mechanisms, there would be significant impediments to the needed reforms. This paper focuses on the extent of revenue losses, their distribution across provinces, and possible options for compensation
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Singh, Raju Taxation Reforms and Changes in Revenue Assignments in China Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2004 ISBN 9781451854855
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.5089/9781451854855.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determinants and Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa (2009)
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_845891731
    Format: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451873638 , 9781451873634
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 09/216
    Content: The paper investigates the determinants and the macroeconomic role of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa, assembling the most comprehensive dataset available so far on remittances in the region and incorporating data on the diaspora. It finds that remittances are larger for countries with a larger diaspora or when the diaspora is located in wealthier countries, and that they behave countercyclically, consistent with a role as a shock absorber. Although the effect of remittances in growth regressions is negative, countries with well functioning domestic institutions seem nevertheless to be better at unlocking the potential for remittances to contribute to faster economic growth
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Singh, Raju Determinants and Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2009 ISBN 9781451873634
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.5089/9781451873634.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determinants and Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa (2011)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017851883
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: This paper investigates the determinants and the macroeconomic role of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa. It assembles the most comprehensive data set available so far on remittances in the region; it comprises data for 36 countries for 1990 through 2008, and incorporates newly available data on the size and location of the diaspora. We find that remittances are larger for countries with a larger diaspora or when the diaspora is located in wealthier countries, and that they behave counter-cyclically, consistent with a role as a shock absorber. Although the effect of remittances in growth regressions is negative, countries with well functioning domestic institutions seem nevertheless to be better at unlocking the potential for remittances to contribute to faster economic growth.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Haiti : Toward a New Narrative (2015)
    World Bank, Washington, DC
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1759734802
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostic
    Content: This Systematic Country Diagnostic seeks to identify the most important constraints to and opportunities for inclusive and sustainable growth in Haiti, a country that is one of the poorest and least equal countries in the world. For this purpose, an extensive review of the literature (from both within and outside the World Bank) was carried out, as well as broad consultations across the country. The results point out five broad themes around which activities need to be organized in order to ignite a process whereby Haiti could set itself on a new development path: (i) balancing macroeconomic stability with developmental needs; (ii) improving statistics and analytics; (iii) creating greater economic opportunities and better jobs, including through infrastructure and human capital; (iv) (re)building the social contract; and (v) reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience. Progress on all these themes is needed simultaneously. In light of the tighter budget constraints facing the government, maintaining the stability of the macroeconomic environment, and improving knowledge and statistics to increase the effectiveness of public policy (including more transparent fiscal reporting) call more particularly for immediate attention
    Note: Haiti , Latin America & Caribbean , en_US
    Language: Undetermined
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?
    Elsevier
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_178066592X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Content: This paper explores the conditions under which public spending could minimize violent conflict related to oil wealth. Previous work on the resource curse suggests that oil can lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of the state as a prize or because it undermines the state's bureaucratic penetration. On the other hand, the rentier state literature has long argued that oil might provide states with resources to deliver public and private goods, and stabilize political regimes. The empirical evidence to settle these conflicting predictions is limited. This paper argues that the effect of oil on civil conflict is conditional on the size of government expenditure and the allocation of government spending for welfare or the military. To test these hypotheses, logit models of conflict onset are used and a global sample of 148 countries from 1960 to 2009 is examined. Higher levels of military spending are found to be associated with lower risks of both minor and major conflict onset in countries rich in oil and gas. By contrast, in countries with little oil or gas resources, increases in military spending are associated with a higher risk of conflict. Welfare expenditure is associated with a lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the level of oil revenue. However, general government spending does not appear to have any robust mitigating effects. Consistent with the focus in the more recent literature to disentangle the average effect of natural resources, these results nuance the conditions under which there may be a resource curse. The results point to what governments can do with resource revenues to mitigate conflict risk
    Note: en_US
    Language: Undetermined
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Trade Reduce Poverty? : A View from Africa
    Elsevier
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1780665911
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Content: Although trade liberalization is being actively promoted as a key component in development strategies, theoretically, the impact of trade openness on poverty reduction is ambiguous. On the one hand, a more liberalized trade regime is argued to change relative factor prices in favor of the more abundant factor. If poverty and relative low income stem from abundance of labor, greater trade openness should lead to higher labor prices and a decrease in poverty. However, should the re-allocation of factors be hampered, the expected benefits from freer trade may not materialize. The theoretical ambiguity on the effects of openness regarding the trade-poverty relationship is also apparent in the empirical literature. To resolve this ambiguity, this paper examines whether the effect of openness on poverty varies with some country characteristics. Using a panel of African countries over the period 1981-2010 and testing for non-linearities in the trade-poverty relationship, we find that trade openness tends to reduce poverty in countries where financial sectors are deep, education levels high and institutions strong
    Note: Africa , en_US
    Language: Undetermined
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect? (2014)
    World Bank Group, Washington, DC
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1759662208
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research working paper no. WPS 7100
    Content: This paper explores the conditions under which public spending could minimize violent conflict related to oil wealth. Previous work suggests that oil can lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of the state as a prize or because it undermines the state's bureaucratic penetration. Yet, little has been said on how oil wealth could be used to prevent the onset of violent conflict through public spending by buying off citizens and elites, increasing state legitimacy by providing basic services, or strengthening the military and security apparatus. The empirical analysis (148 countries over 1960-2009) shows that higher levels of military spending are associated with lower risk of small- and large-scale conflict onset in countries rich in oil and gas. By contrast, in economies with little natural resources, increases in military spending are associated with a higher risk of conflict. Welfare expenditure is associated with lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the level of oil revenue. However, general government spending does not appear to have any robust mitigating effects
    Note: Haiti , Latin America & Caribbean , English , en_US
    Language: English
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth (But Not Only) Is Good for the Poor : Some Cross-Country Evidence to Promote Growth and Shared Prosperity in Haiti (2017)
    World Bank, Washington, DC
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_175964613X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper No. 7975
    Content: Many low-income countries, such as Haiti, have high ambitions and socioeconomic needs to achieve substantial income growth, especially for the poorest income quintiles. This situation raises the question of policy prioritization, which is often difficult to address, since reliable country-specific micro data are scarce in most low-income countries. Although many studies have investigated the determinants of growth of gross domestic product, less is known about the factors influencing household incomes at the lowest segments of the income distribution. Focusing on the specific case of Haiti, a country with one of the lowest income levels, this paper proposes an approach to handle this challenge: it estimates income drivers for the poorest two income quintiles from cross-country regressions. The results suggest that maintaining macroeconomic stability as well as investing in human and physical capital would not only be associated with faster overall economic growth, but also with even faster income growth for the poorest segments of the population. Thus, there need not be a trade-off between inequality and growth. Economies could foster faster growth while also increasing inclusiveness, ensuring that everyone can live up to their potential
    Note: Haiti , Latin America & Caribbean , English , en_US
    Language: English
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Financial Structure Matter for Poverty? Evidence from Developing Countries (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797522476
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research working paper WPS 5915
    Content: Although there has been research looking at the relationship between the structure of the financial system and economic growth, much less work has dealt with the importance of bank-based versus market-based financial systems for poverty and income distribution. Empirical evidence has indicated that the structure of the financial system has little relevance for economic growth, suggesting that the same could be true for poverty since growth is an important driver in reducing poverty. Some theories, however, claim that, by reducing information and transaction costs, the development of bank-based financial systems could exert a particularly large impact on the poor. This paper looks at a sample of 47 developing economies from 1984 through 2008. The results suggest that when institutions are weak, bank-based financial systems are better at reducing poverty and, as institutions develop, market-based financial systems can turn out to be beneficial for the poor.
    Note: English
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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