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  • Canadian Science Publishing  (80)
  • Biology  (80)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Spore immobilization and its analytical performance for monitoring of aflatoxin M 1 in milk
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 60, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 793-798
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 60, No. 12 ( 2014-12), p. 793-798
    Abstract: Immobilization of Bacillus megaterium spores on Eppendorf tubes through physical adsorption has been used in the detection of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) in milk within real time of 45 ± 5 min using visual observation of changes in a chromogenic substrate. The appearance of a sky-blue colour indicates the absence of AFM 1 in milk, whereas no colour change indicates the presence of AFM 1 in milk at a 0.5 ppb Codex maximum residue limit. The working performance of the immobilized spores was shown to persist for up to 6 months. Further, spores immobilized on 96-well black microtitre plates by physical adsorption and by entrapment on sensor disk showed a reduction in detection sensitivity to 0.25 ppb within a time period of 20 ± 5 min by measuring fluorescence using a microbiological plate reader through the addition of milk and fluorogenic substrate. A high fluorescence ratio indicated more substrate hydrolysis due to spore-germination-mediated release of marker enzymes of spores in the absence of AFM 1 in milk; however, low fluorescence ratios indicated the presence of AFM 1 at 0.25 ppb. Immobilized spores on 96-well microtitre plates and sensor disks have shown better reproducibility after storage at 4 °C for 6 months. Chromogenic assay showed 1.38% false-negative and 2.77% false-positive results while fluorogenic assay showed 4.16% false-positive and 2.77% false-negative results when analysed for AFM 1 using 72 milk samples containing raw, pasteurized, and dried milk. Immobilization of spores makes these chromogenic and fluorogenic assays portable, selective, cost-effective for real-time detection of AFM 1 in milk at the dairy farm, reception dock, and manufacturing units of the dairy industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0465
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in Sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum )
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2002-05-01), p. 443-448
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2002-05-01), p. 443-448
    Abstract: Exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. Germination of exudate-depleted sclerotia was delayed on Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. The exudate-depleted sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse. Different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination ability of the exudate-depleted sclerotia. Oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate of S. rolfsii induced the synthesis of phenolic acids, including gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, as well as salicylic acid, in treated chickpea leaves. Gallic acid content was increased in treated leaves compared with the untreated controls. Maximum induction of gallic acid was seen in both leaves treated with oxalic acid followed by exudate and leaves treated with culture filtrate. Cinnamic and salicylic acids were not induced in exudate-treated leaves. Ethyl acetate fractionation indicated that the sclerotial exudates consisted of gallic, oxalic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, whereas the culture filtrate consisted of gallic, oxalic, and cinnamic acids along with many other unidentified compounds.Key words: oxalic acid, phenolic acid, salicylic acid, sclerotial exudate, culture filtrate, Sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotial germination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/w02-040
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Computational studies on photolyase (Phr) proteins of cyanobacteria
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 68, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 111-137
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 68, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 111-137
    Abstract: Photolyases (Phrs) are enzymes that utilize the blue/ultraviolet (UV-A) region of light for repairing UV-induced cyclopyramidine dimers. We studied Phr groups by bioinformatic analyses as well as active-site and structural modeling. Analysis of 238 amino acid sequences from 85 completely sequenced cyanobacterial genomes revealed five classes of Phrs, CPD Gr I, 6-4 Phrs/cryptochrome, Cry-DASH, Fe-S bacteria Phrs, and a group with fewer amino acids (276–385) in length. The distribution of Phr groups in cyanobacteria belonging to the order Synechococcales was found to be influenced by the habitats of the organisms. Class V Phrs are exclusively present in cyanobacteria. Unique motifs and binding sites were reported in groups II and III. The Fe-S protein binding site was only present in group V and the active site residues and putative CPD/6-4PP binding residues are charged amino acids present on the surface of the proteins. The majority of hydrophilic amino acid residues were present on the surface of the Phrs. Sequence analysis confirmed the diverse nature of Phrs, although sequence diversity did not affect the overall three-dimensional structure. Protein–ligand interaction analysis identified novel CPD/6-4PP binding sites on Phrs. This structural information of Phrs can be used for the preparation of efficient Phr-based formulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0167
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Seasonal dynamics within the neurons of the hippocampus in adult female Indian Ring neck Parrots ( Psittacula krameri ) and Asian Koels ( Eudynamys scolopaceus )
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Zoology Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 157-175
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 157-175
    Abstract: In birds, a narrow strip of tissue found on the dorsomedial surface of the telencephalon and separated from the rest of the hemisphere by a ventricle is termed the hippocampal complex. Two neurohistological techniques, namely the cresyl-violet method and the Golgi–Colonnier technique, have been employed in the present study to observe seasonal dynamics within the neuronal classes of hippocampus in female Indian Ring neck Parrots (Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)) and Asian Koels (Eudynamys scolopaceus (L., 1758)). Hippocampus is known to play a central role in a variety of behaviors such as homing, visual discrimination, learning, and sexual behavior. Therefore, changes in sexual behavior during the breeding period contribute to plasticity in the hippocampus in terms of fluctuations in neuronal characteristics thereby helping the bird cope with changing conditions. A significant increase in dendritic thickness, neuronal spacing, spine morphology, and spine density were identified within the hippocampal neurons during the breeding period of the studied birds. This study establishes an overall account of seasonal dynamics occurring within the neurons of all fields of the hippocampus of birds in terms of increased dendritic thickness, spine density, spine morphology, and neuronal spacing thereby favoring the view that morphological fluctuations in neuronal characteristics during the breeding period are likely to have consequences for hippocampal neuronal function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4301 , 1480-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0183
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490831-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Comparative sequence analysis of morbillivirus receptors and its implication in host range expansion
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 783-794
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 65, No. 11 ( 2019-11), p. 783-794
    Abstract: SLAM (CD150) and nectin-4 are the major morbillivirus receptors responsible for virus pathogenesis and host range expansion. Recently, morbillivirus infections have been reported in unnatural hosts, including endangered species, posing a threat to their conservation. To understand the host range expansion of morbilliviruses, we generated the full-length sequences of morbillivirus receptors (goat, sheep, and dog SLAM, and goat nectin-4) and tried to correlate their role in determining host tropism. A high level of amino acid identity was observed between the sequences of related species, and phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the receptor sequences of carnivores, marine mammals, and small ruminants grouped separately. Analysis of the ligand binding region (V region; amino acid residues 52–136) of SLAM revealed high amino acid identity between small ruminants and bovine SLAMs. Comparison of canine SLAM with ruminants and non-canids SLAM revealed appreciable changes, including charge alterations. Significant differences between feline SLAM and canine SLAM have been reported. The binding motifs of nectin-4 genes (FPAG motif and amino acid residues 60, 62, and 63) were found to be conserved in sheep, goat, and dog. The differences reported in the binding region may be responsible for the level of susceptibility or resistance of a species to a particular morbillivirus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0008
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Neuronal diversity and their spine density in the hippocampal complex of the House Crow ( Corvus splendens ), a food-storing bird
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Zoology Vol. 94, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 541-553
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Zoology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 94, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 541-553
    Abstract: Hippocampus, one of the parts included in the limbic system, is involved in various functions such as learning, memory, food-storing behavior, and sexual discrimination. Neuronal classes of the hippocampal complex in food-storing birds have been also reported, but the study lacks details pertaining to neuronal characteristics and the spine density of the neurons in different subfields of the hippocampus. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the aim to explore the morphology of neurons and the spines present on their dendrites within the hippocampal complex of the House Crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817), a food-storing Indian bird, and to compare it with previously reported nonfood-storing bird species. It was observed that the hippocampus of C. splendens harbors diverse neuronal classes with substantial percentages of pyramidal neurons, well-developed local circuit neurons, and high spine density. All these neuronal specializations in C. splendens can be related with the food-storing behavior of the bird, which itself is an advantage over nonfood-storing birds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4301 , 1480-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0260
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490831-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1993
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 39, No. 8 ( 1993-08-01), p. 775-779
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 39, No. 8 ( 1993-08-01), p. 775-779
    Abstract: Two lytic phages, designated as H3V and R2V, specific for Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, were isolated and characterized. Phage H3V was active against four indigenous isolates (HURR-3, HURR-21, HURR-35, and HURR-56) and two standard strains (RCR-3605 and USDA-2669) whereas R2V was specific to one indigenous (Raj-2) and one standard (USDA-2676) strain; there was no cross infectivity. Both phages had distinct morphology; phage H3V had an oblate polyhedral head (58 × 76 nm) and a flexible noncontractile tail (120 × 10 nm), while phage R2V had a hexagonal head (56 nm wide) and a very short tail (11 × 10 nm). The lytic cycle of phage R2V requires Ca 2+ ions (1 mM), which considerably reduce its latent period and burst size. Adsorption and one-step growth experiments of phages revealed that H3V had a slower adsorption rate (0.56 × 10 −9  cm 3 /min), a longer latent period (255 min), and a higher burst size (240 plaque-forming units/cell) than R2V, which had an adsorption rate of 0.94 × 10 −9  cm 3 /min, a 210-min latent period, and a burst size of 200 plaque-forming units/cell. Inactivation of these phages by heat, osmotic shock, and uv irradiation showed that phage H3V was comparatively more sensitive than R2V. These phages were frequently detected in healthy nodules of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) at two different field locations and no correlation between phage titer and nodule size or colour was observed. Phage titer varied from 2.8 × 10 2 to 1.2 × 10 6 plaque-forming units/nodule.Key words: Rhizobium, phages, morphology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/m93-114
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    TRANSFORMATION OF REICHSTEIN"S COMPOUND "S" AND OXIDATION OF CARBOHYDRATES BY SPORES OF SEPTOMYXA AFFINIS
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1965
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 1965-04-01), p. 351-364
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 1965-04-01), p. 351-364
    Abstract: Spores of Septomyxa affinis transformed Reichstein"s compound "S" into mainly 1-dehydro "S" and small amounts of 17-side-chain degradation products. 1-Dehydrogenating activity of the spores was not influenced by the sporulation medium. Adaptation has never been observed. Metal ions, chelating agents, activators, and cofactors showed no significant influence, within wide limits. Externally supplied phosphate, glucose, or any other carbon source was not required. Mercuric chloride, N-ethylmaleimide, NaN 3 , 2,4-dinitrophenol, antimycin, and some oxidation–reduction dyes inhibited steroid conversion. Degradation of the side chain was blocked by conducting the transformation at 32 °C.Spores of S. affinis oxidized acetate, glucose, fructose, ethanol, and xylose. Oxidation of these substrates was inhibited by most of the reagents that also inhibited steroid transformation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/m65-043
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1965
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific to hydrogen-sulfide-producing bacteria
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2013
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 39-45
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 39-45
    Abstract: The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize bacteriophages specific to hydrogen-sulfide-producing bacteria (SPB) from raw animal materials, and to develop a SPB-specific bacteriophage cocktail for rendering application. Meat, chicken offal, and feather samples collected from local supermarkets and rendering processing plants were used to isolate SPB (n = 142). Bacteriophages (n = 52) specific to SPB were isolated and purified from the above samples using 18 of those isolated SPB strains as hosts. The host ranges of bacteriophages against 5 selected SPB strains (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Hafnia alvei) were determined. Electron microscopy observation of 9 phages selected for the phage cocktail revealed that 6 phages belonged to the family of Siphoviridae and 3 belonged to the Myoviridae family. Restriction enzyme digestion analysis with endonuclease DraI detected 6 distinguished patterns among the 9 phages. Phage treatment prevented the growth of SPB for up to 10 h with multiplicity of infection ratios of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 in tryptic soy broth at 30 °C, and extended the lag phase of SPB growth for 2 h at 22 °C with multiplicities of infection of 10, 100, and 1000. These results suggest that the selected bacteriophage cocktail has a high potential for phage application to control SPB in raw animal materials destined for the rendering process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2012-0245
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Prevalence of cry2 -type genes in Bacillus thuringiensis isolates recovered from diverse habitats in India and isolation of a novel cry2Af2 gene toxic to Helicoverpa armigera (cotton boll worm)
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 62, No. 12 ( 2016-12), p. 1003-1012
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 62, No. 12 ( 2016-12), p. 1003-1012
    Abstract: Insecticidal cry and vip genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used for control of lepidopteran insects in transgenic crops. However, novel genes are required for gene pyramiding to delay evolution of resistance to the currently deployed genes. Two PCR-based techniques were employed for screening of cry2-type genes in 129 Bt isolates from diverse habitats in India and 27 known Bt strains. cry2Ab-type genes were more prevalent than cry2Aa- and cry2Ac-type genes. Correlation between source of isolates and abundance of cry2-type genes was not observed. Full-length cry2A-type genes were amplified by PCR from 9 Bt isolates and 4 Bt strains. The genes from Bt isolates SK-758 from Sorghum grain dust and SK-793 from Chilli seeds warehouse, Andhra Pradesh, were cloned and sequenced. The gene from SK-758 (NCBI GenBank accession No. GQ866915) was novel, while that from SK-793 (NCBI GenBank accession No. GQ866914) was identical to the cry2Ab1 gene. The Bacillus thuringiensis Nomenclature Committee ( http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/toxins2.html ) named these genes cry2Af2 and cry2Ab16, respectively. The cry2Af2 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and found to be toxic towards Helicoverpa armigera. The cry2Af2 gene will be useful for pyramiding in transgenic crops.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0042
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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