In:
PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2022-8-4), p. e0272565-
Abstract:
The western conifer seed bug (WCSB, Leptoglossus occidentalis ) is a pest of many pine species and is invasive worldwide. WCSB directly and indirectly deteriorates pine nut production by sucking seeds from cones. Currently, researchers think that WCSBs search for food by a combination of cues from visible light, infrared radiation, and chemicals such as monoterpenes. Some research revealed that WCSBs prefer larger cones, and it was thought that WCSBs suck seeds from and obtain more heat on larger cones. However, in early spring, we observed that most WCSBs gathered on male cones rather than on female cones and young cones. We hypothesized that male pine cones were warmer than female cones and needles, and WCSBs sucking male cones may receive more heat. To test these hypotheses, we measured spectral reflectance with a hyperspectral sensor and temperature of pine organs with tiny thermocouples, and the data were analyzed by a heat budget model. Our results revealed that male cones were significantly warmer and more reflective than female cones and needles, which may attract WCSBs. These results supported our hypothesis that WCSBs on male cones were warmer than those on other organs. This study will help further understanding of WCSBs and the adaptive value of pine cone colors.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1932-6203
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g010
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.g011
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0272565.r006
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2267670-3
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