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  • MDPI AG  (2)
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  • MDPI AG  (2)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 5995-
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-18), p. 5995-
    Abstract: Renewable and clean energy sources are being integrated into the United States’ modern energy industry to mitigate climate change effects, creating a more complex network of energy production, distribution, and consumption. This study defines the state of Maryland’s energy industry as a network of producers and consumers and analyzes the network’s characteristics by using ecological network analysis (ENA), an analytical tool useful for identifying a system’s indirect effects. The energy industry within Maryland is analyzed over a nine-year time span to understand how its evolution is influencing the network’s characteristics. Maryland’s renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for the year 2030 is then simulated by adjusting renewable and non-renewable energy sources according to energy trends and related state policy. Results from the ENA over the nine-year period of 2010–2019 indicate that the energy industry is highly linear. While typical cycling indices range from 5–15% in ecological energy flow models, cycling indices in this study ranged from 0.007% to 0.0082%. Maryland’s energy industry in the year 2030 is simulated and displays increased cycling because renewable sources typically feed the electricity sector for energy distribution, increasing indirect pathways within the system. The percentage of electricity generated by renewable energy increased from 9.71% in 2019 to 50% in 2030, as mandated in the RPS. Network analyses here emphasize the large gap between Maryland’s current energy infrastructure and what is necessary to meet its renewable targets in 2030. Furthermore, they indicate that a more uniform distribution of energy to consumers may increase efficiency in modern energy industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Land Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-03), p. 1182-
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-03), p. 1182-
    Abstract: The historical development of the urban realm has brought marvelous benefits to humankind, which has profited from the infrastructure, services, and social networks provided by cities. Nonetheless, considering current and future risks, understanding how cities can absorb impacts and reorganize their structure while keeping their identities is fundamental and timely. In other words, understanding how to promote resilience is crucial. This study developed a comparative urban resilience index (CURI) formed by 29 indicators and applied it to case studies in Europe, China, and the Americas (Malmö, Vienna, Beijing, Shanghai, Baltimore, and São Paulo). An innovative identity dimension was built to embrace the cultural traits of studied cities. Results point to a systemic property of CURI when comparing cities in both timeframes (2000 and 2020). In addition, two groups were formed: Malmö, Beijing, and Baltimore increased their resilience due to higher performance in at least two dimensions; Shanghai, Vienna, and São Paulo decreased their resilience due to lower performance in at least three dimensions. Ranking the data in terms of the benchmark promoted a quick understanding of which city is the “best in class” for each dimension, creating a clear way forward for other cities to follow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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