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  • AIP Publishing  (26)
  • Gruen, Dieter M.  (26)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 96, No. 9 ( 2010-03-01)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 96, No. 9 ( 2010-03-01)
    Kurzfassung: We have characterized ultrananocrystalline diamond films with different surface terminations by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The surface terminations were performed by plasma functionalization in atmospheres of hydrogen, fluorine, and oxygen. XPS proves the dense monolayer coverage of the surface functionalization. AFM and STM show low impact of the plasma treatment on the surface morphology. STS has been used to investigate the surface electronic properties, for H-terminated surfaces the electronic structure is dominated by the sp3 carbon phase of the grain surfaces; for O- and F-terminated surfaces, however, sp2 carbon from the grain boundaries seems to determine the surface band gap.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 211245-0
    ZDB Id: 1469436-0
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1994
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 64, No. 12 ( 1994-03-21), p. 1502-1504
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 64, No. 12 ( 1994-03-21), p. 1502-1504
    Kurzfassung: Diamond films are predominantly grown using approximately 1% of a hydrocarbon precursor in hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is generally believed to be necessary for the diamond thin-film growth process. However, hydrogen in varying amounts is inevitably incorporated in the growing diamond lattice, leading to structural defects. We report here the successful growth of diamond films using fullerene precursors in an argon microwave plasma, a unique development achieved without the addition of hydrogen or oxygen. We speculate that collisional fragmentation of C60 to give C2 could be responsible for the high growth rate of the very-fine-grained diamond films.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1994
    ZDB Id: 211245-0
    ZDB Id: 1469436-0
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1971
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 54, No. 12 ( 1971-06-15), p. 5206-5214
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 54, No. 12 ( 1971-06-15), p. 5206-5214
    Kurzfassung: The absorption spectra of titanium atoms, isolated in argon or xenon matrices, have been measured at low temperatures. The spectra consist of a large number of bands in the visible and near-uv regions, which are correlated with transitions of gaseous neutral titanium atoms. Oscillator strengths are obtained for the absorption bands of isolated titanium, and these values are compared to intensity data on the gaseous spectrum. In an argon, but not in a xenon matrix, upon excitation with appropriate uv light, the metal atoms yield a relatively intense luminescence spectrum consisting of two bands. One, occurring in the 16–16 600 cm−1 region, is assigned to the z5G0 → a3F transition. The origin of the second band system, occurring at 14–15 000 cm−1, is uncertain. The matrix shifts are found to depend on the transition energy, increasing in argon but decreasing with energy in xenon matrices. These results provide new data for testing current theories of matrix shifts.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1971
    ZDB Id: 3113-6
    ZDB Id: 1473050-9
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1955
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 1955-09-01), p. 1708-1710
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 1955-09-01), p. 1708-1710
    Kurzfassung: The magnetic susceptibility of β UH3 has been measured in the temperature range 191°K to 603°K. From the high-temperature portion of the χ—1 versus T curve one calculates a magnetic moment of 2.79 Bohr magnetons, with Δ = —137°K. A ferromagnetic transition occurs in the neighborhood of 173°K. Magnetic moment measurements made in the temperature range 63°K to 196°K in fields of 1550 to 8700 oersteds can be extrapolated to yield a saturation magnetic moment of about one Bohr magneton.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1955
    ZDB Id: 3113-6
    ZDB Id: 1473050-9
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1956
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 1956-12-01), p. 1102-1111
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 1956-12-01), p. 1102-1111
    Kurzfassung: The edge of the fundamental absorption band in pure LaCl3 is at about 2250 A. There is no change in the absorption spectrum of pure LaCl3 in the range 2250 to 25 000 A on exposure at room temperature to 107r of gamma rays from a Co60 source. The crystals do not luminesce after such treatment. In contradistinction, LaCl3 containing small amounts of europium exhibits a blue luminescence and thermoluminescence when exposed to ultraviolet or gamma radiation. The luminescent properties are profoundly influenced by long continued gamma irradiation. In addition, color centers are formed which absorb visible radiation. Chemical as well as paramagnetic resonance experiments show that all of these effects are due to the presence in the LaCl3 lattice of dispositive europium. There are at least three different color centers giving rise to three overlapping absorption bands which decay thermally with different rates. The maxima of the absorption bands are at 8000, 6500, and 5500 A. Studies with polarized light show that the color center transitions are all electric dipole in nature and are highly anisotropic. The most intense band has been tentatively identified with an F-center-like s→p transition. Experiments on the thermal decay of the color bands and the glow curve of the crystal indicate that an intimate relationship exists between the color center and the luminescence phenomena. It is suggested that when these crystals are irradiated, dipositive europium loses an electron to become tripositive, the electron being captured by an anion vacancy to form a color center. On thermal freeing of the electron, return to the ground state is accompanied by the emission of visible radiation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1956
    ZDB Id: 3113-6
    ZDB Id: 1473050-9
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1960
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1960-10-01), p. 1140-1151
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 1960-10-01), p. 1140-1151
    Kurzfassung: An analysis of a number of features of the absorption spectra of U4+ ions in crystals is given. Absorption spectra of crystals of the compounds Cs2UCl6, and [N(CH3)4]2 UCl6, and to a lesser extent [N(C2H5)4] 2 UCl6 have been studied at room temperature, liquid N2 and liquid He temperatures. The visible spectrum is essentially entirely vibronic. Pure electronic transitions are absent or very weak in thick crystals in agreement with a model of electric dipole transitions within the 5 f2 shell at an equilibrium site of inversion symmetry. We believe this to be the first demonstrated case of an essentially purely vibronic spectrum reported for rare earth or actinide salts. The three ``ungerade'' frequencies of the UCl6= complex are coupled to the electronic frequencies and are determined by their appearance with the same frequency of superposition in all three salts as well as by being the most intense of the vibronic lines in every group in which they appear. Other lattice modes and internal frequencies of the tetramethylammonium ion are also found to be superimposed. The weak pure electronic transitions are fairly sharp, an indication that there is still considerable shielding in the 5 fn electronic states even though this shielding is less than in 4 fn states. The independence of superimposed vibration frequencies on 5 f2 electronic states indicates the fact that the 5 f states do not contribute much to the binding. The similarity in the spectra of the three salts studied is due to the fact that the nearest-neighbor Cl— ions are the principal origin of the crystalline field in contrast to the rare earths, wherein this type of similarity is due to the fact that the crystalline field is small and each group of lines represents a multiplet level of the free ion. Evidence is presented that the crystalline field splitting is larger than hitherto believed and is the same order of magnitude as the spin-orbit interaction. Methods of attacking the problem of the experimental classification and calculation of energy levels in the situation in which three major interaction are of comparable size are discussed.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1960
    ZDB Id: 3113-6
    ZDB Id: 1473050-9
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 70, No. 11 ( 1991-12-01), p. 6647-6652
    In: Journal of Applied Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 70, No. 11 ( 1991-12-01), p. 6647-6652
    Kurzfassung: Purified samples of C60 and C70 are synthesized according to recently published procedures. Desorption with 308 nm laser light from solid C60 and C70 samples is used as a neutral cluster source to study the ionization and concurrent fragmentation in the gas phase by interaction with intense laser radiation. According to a well-known classification scheme, the ionization/fragmentation behavior of C60 and C70 clusters is clearly identified as of class A type. Also, the laser desorption process itself has been investigated by measuring the velocity distributions of laser desorbed neutral C60 and C70 clusters. Good agreement of the experimental data with a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is found. We conclude that at the applied laser fluences, C60 and C70 clusters are desorbed by evaporation induced by the incident radiation, providing no fragmentation in the desorption process.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-8979 , 1089-7550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1991
    ZDB Id: 220641-9
    ZDB Id: 3112-4
    ZDB Id: 1476463-5
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 2004
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 85, No. 21 ( 2004-11-22), p. 5106-5106
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 85, No. 21 ( 2004-11-22), p. 5106-5106
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2004
    ZDB Id: 211245-0
    ZDB Id: 1469436-0
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 92, No. 14 ( 2008-04-07)
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 92, No. 14 ( 2008-04-07)
    Kurzfassung: Reaction of disperse ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) and mixtures of UNCD containing 10%–20% nanoboron carbide (B4C) with methane gas at temperatures near 1200K results in mechanically rigid compacts called nanocarbon ensembles (NCE) and boron-doped NCE, respectively. Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity results lead to strongly temperature dependent power factors that increase 30–40 fold for boron containing ensembles compared to undoped material. It is likely that boron substitutional doping of nanographite crystallites results in a multiplicity of electronic states within a narrow energy band around the Fermi level leading to an increase in configurational electronic entropy.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 211245-0
    ZDB Id: 1469436-0
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    AIP Publishing ; 1954
    In:  The Journal of Chemical Physics Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 1954-05-01), p. 960-960
    In: The Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP Publishing, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 1954-05-01), p. 960-960
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-9606 , 1089-7690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: AIP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 1954
    ZDB Id: 3113-6
    ZDB Id: 1473050-9
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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