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  • American Physiological Society  (20)
  • 1990-1994  (20)
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  • American Physiological Society  (20)
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  • 1990-1994  (20)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atrial natriuretic peptide induces sustained natriuresis in conscious dogs
    American Physiological Society ; 1990
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 258, No. 6 ( 1990-06-01), p. R1445-R1452
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 258, No. 6 ( 1990-06-01), p. R1445-R1452
    Abstract: Although acute infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) often cause natriuresis, these effects are not sustained, possibly because of reductions in arterial pressure or other compensatory adaptations. The aim of this study was to determine whether physiological increases in intrarenal ANP levels cause sustained natriuresis if changes in arterial pressure and other neurohumoral influences that might obscure the renal responses are controlled. Changes in renal function were quantitated during chronic unilateral renal arterial infusion of ANP at rates of 1, 2, and 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 in conscious dogs (n = 7) with the urinary bladder split to allow continuous measurement of renal excretion in the ANP-infused and contralateral, vehicle-infused kidneys. There was no change in mean arterial pressure at any infusion rate. During 1 ng.kg-1.min-1 infusion of ANP for 5 days, the renal excretory responses were small and variable. However, during 2 and 4 ng.kg-1.min-1 ANP infusion for 7 days, sodium excretion averaged 37.2 +/- 10.0 and 134.8 +/- 19.0% greater, respectively, in the ANP-infused kidneys compared with the vehicle-infused kidneys but there were no changes in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow. These results demonstrate that when compensatory changes in arterial pressure and neurohumoral factors are controlled, ANP, at physiological concentrations, causes marked increases in renal excretion. This study supports the concept that ANP's effects to increase renal excretory capability could play a role in long-term control of arterial pressure and body fluid homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.6.R1445
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of renal actions of urodilatin and atrial natriuretic peptide
    American Physiological Society ; 1992
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 262, No. 3 ( 1992-03-01), p. R395-R399
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 262, No. 3 ( 1992-03-01), p. R395-R399
    Abstract: A 32-amino acid atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-like peptide, putatively synthesized by the kidney, has recently been isolated from human urine. This peptide, urodilatin (Uro), is structurally similar to the 28-amino acid ANP, suggesting that they might have similar actions on renal fluid and electrolyte excretion. The purpose of this study was to characterize the direct renal actions of low doses of Uro infusion and to compare them with the effects of equimolar intrarenal infusions of either ANP or the 24-amino acid atriopeptin III (AP III). Synthetic Uro was infused into the renal artery of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 8) at 0.14, 0.28, and 1.43 pmol.kg-1.min-1 while renal perfusion pressure was servo-controlled at 100 mmHg. Uro infusion at 1.43 pmol.kg-1.min-1 increased sodium excretion from an average control of 57.4 +/- 10.1 to 159.0 +/- 24.4 mueq/min. Uro infusion at the highest dose also increased potassium excretion (28.0 +/- 4.5 vs. 40.4 +/- 7.4 mueq/min), chloride excretion (56 +/- 11 vs. 155 +/- 22 mueq/min), and urine volume (0.54 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.25 ml/min). Fractional lithium excretion, a marker for proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, was not altered by Uro infusion, nor were urinary guanosine 3“,5”-cyclic monophosphate excretion, glomerular filtration rate, or effective renal plasma flow changed. Equimolar infusions of these low doses of either alpha human ANP (n = 6) or AP III (n = 8) had no effect on any of the measured variables. Thus, within the range of doses used in this study, Uro was a more effective natriuretic and diuretic agent than either ANP or AP III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.3.R395
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on bradykinin metabolism by vascular endothelial cells
    American Physiological Society ; 1993
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 264, No. 5 ( 1993-05-01), p. H1493-H1497
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 264, No. 5 ( 1993-05-01), p. H1493-H1497
    Abstract: The degradation of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) activity in cultured human endothelial cells was studied by direct measurement of bradykinin and by its effect on the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors. The half-life of exogenous bradykinin (10,000 pg/ml) was calculated from the decay of the bradykinin concentration as 46 +/- 2 min in cell monolayers, 133 +/- 15 min in conditioned medium, and 24 +/- 2 min in homogenates. Most of the bradykinin-degrading activity in cell monolayers could be inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the ACE inhibitors lisinopril, ramiprilat, and captopril. Bradykinin-degrading activity was released into the culture medium containing one-fourth of the bradykinin-degrading activity found in the presence of cell monolayers. In cell homogenates higher unspecific bradykinin-degrading activities were present. The functional consequence of bradykinin degradation was demonstrated by the potentiating effect of ramiprilat on the generation of endothelium-derived relaxing factors nitric oxide and prostacyclin from endothelial cells. The study supports the concept of increased vasodilatory effects of bradykinin during ACE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.5.H1493
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation of putative voltage-gated epithelial K-channel isoforms from rabbit kidney and LLC-PK1 cells
    American Physiological Society ; 1992
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology Vol. 262, No. 1 ( 1992-01-01), p. F151-F157
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 262, No. 1 ( 1992-01-01), p. F151-F157
    Abstract: Epithelial voltage-gated potassium (K) channels have been well studied using electrophysiological methods, but little is known about their structures. We tested the hypothesis that some of these channels belong to the Shaker gene family, which encodes voltage-gated K channels in excitable tissues. From published sequences of Shaker proteins in Drosophila, rat, and mouse brain, we chose regions that were conserved between species. Based on these protein sequences, degenerate oligonucleotides flanking the putative voltage sensor (S4) were synthesized and used as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. Five Shaker-like cDNAs were amplified from rabbit kidney cortex and three from LLC-PK1, an epithelial cell line derived from pig kidney. Each partial-length rabbit kidney cDNA is approximately 850 base pairs (bp) long. The deduced amino acid sequences contain five putative transmembrane segments and are 79-97% identical to two Shaker isoforms expressed in rat brain (RBK1 and RBK2). Sequence similarity is greatest in the putative transmembrane segments S1-S5. Importantly, the S4 segment, the putative voltage gate is highly conserved in all 5 cDNAs. Southern analysis of rabbit genomic DNA suggests that each isoform is encoded by a different gene. The partial length LLC-PK1 cDNAs are 450-bp long, and the deduced amino acid sequences are 77-99% identical to the rabbit cDNAs. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that Shaker-like genes are expressed in renal epithelial cells. These genes most likely encode voltage-gated K channels involved in renal epithelial K transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1931-857X , 1522-1466
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1992.262.1.F151
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477287-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intrapulmonary shunt in excised dog lobes: comparison of oxygen and inert gas methods
    American Physiological Society ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 74, No. 2 ( 1993-02-01), p. 951-958
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 74, No. 2 ( 1993-02-01), p. 951-958
    Abstract: We evaluated the contribution of measurement errors in PO2 to the discrepancy between the intrapulmonary shunt values simultaneously obtained by the conventional O2 method (O2-shunt) and the multiple inert gas elimination technique (IG-shunt). Excised left lower lobes of dogs were perfused at a constant flow and ventilated at constant volume. Variable degrees of intrapulmonary shunt were created by O2 absorption while the lobes were collapsed. IG-shunt ranged from 0 to 66%. Although the O2-shunt and IG-shunt values correlated well (r = 0.97), the slope was only 0.74 and the regression line crossed the line of identity at 12% IG-shunt. The gas-to-blood ratio of the oxygen electrode was constant over the range 80–687 Torr and therefore did not seem to be an important factor in the shunt discrepancy. Errors due to nonlinearity of the O2 electrode also had only a minor effect. However, PO2 history of the electrode just before injection of blood samples into the cuvette had a profound and complex effect on the measured PO2. We conclude that PO2 electrode hysteresis can be a major factor in the wide variability of PO2 measurements and could account for most of the differences between our O2-shunt and IG-shunt data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.951
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pulsatile and nonpulsatile pressure-flow relationships in zone 3 excised rabbit lungs
    American Physiological Society ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 76, No. 1 ( 1994-01-01), p. 370-379
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 76, No. 1 ( 1994-01-01), p. 370-379
    Abstract: We compared the effects of pulsatile vs. nonpulsatile flow (Q) on pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)-Q relationships in zone 3 over wide ranges of pulse rate, stroke volume (SV), and Q. Excised left lungs of rabbits (n = 15) were perfused with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-buffered Tyrode solution containing 4% dextran, 1% albumin, and 10 mg/l of indomethacin and were ventilated with room air. Pulsatile Q was generated by a diaphragm pump delivering SV of 0.5, 1, or 2 ml (representing approximately 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 times, respectively, the normal resting SV for rabbit left lung) and adjusting the pump frequency. Nonpulsatile Q was generated by raising an arterial reservoir to the required height. Mean pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and left atrial pressures were measured at end exhalation (positive end-expiratory pressure = 2.5 cmH2O) near the tips of the perfusion cannulas and were referenced to the lung base. Left atrial pressure was held constant at 7 cmH2O.Q was alternated between pulsatile and nonpulsatile, increasing Q stepwise from 100 to 600 ml/min (Q from approximately 0.3 to 2 times the normal resting Q for rabbit left lung), after which Q was reduced stepwise back to initial values. For the smallest SV there were no differences between Ppa-Q curves under pulsatile and nonpulsatile conditions. At the largest SV, Ppa was greater during pulsatile than nonpulsatile Q at Q 〉 100 ml/min. The slopes of the Ppa-Q curves were greater during pulsatile Q at the two larger SV values. These results can be explained by increasing Q turbulence and less ideal velocity profiles at higher peak Q resulting from the effects of rapidly changing inertial forces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.370
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Induction and intracellular localization of HSP-72 after renal ischemia
    American Physiological Society ; 1992
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology Vol. 263, No. 5 ( 1992-11-01), p. F769-F775
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 263, No. 5 ( 1992-11-01), p. F769-F775
    Abstract: To determine whether heat shock proteins (HSPs) might be active in cellular recovery following transient ischemia, we examined rat kidneys for 70-kDa HSP (HSP-70) mRNA expression, protein elaboration, and intracellular localization after 45 min of renal ischemia and reflow of 15 min, 2, 6, and 24 h. Inducible HSP-70 mRNA is present at 15 min of reperfusion, peaks between 2 and 6 h, and falls by 24 h. Inducible 72-kDa HSP (HSP-72) protein accumulates progressively through 24 h and is found in both soluble and microsomal fractions following ischemia. Within proximal tubules, immunofluorescent localization of HSP-72 is restricted to the apical domain at 15 min, is dispersed through the cytoplasm in a vesicular pattern at 2 and 6 h, and has migrated away from the apical domain at 24 h. A portion of the vesicular HSP-72 is associated with lysosomes; no intranuclear HSP-72 is detected. The course of mRNA induction, protein elaboration, and HSP-72 localization coincides with previously described changes in proximal tubule morphology and polarity following sublethal ischemic injury. HSP-72 may be instrumental in cellular remodeling and restitution of epithelial polarity during recovery from ischemic renal injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1931-857X , 1522-1466
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.5.F769
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477287-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Volume infusion produces abdominal distension, lung compression, and chest wall stiffening in pigs
    American Physiological Society ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 1992-02-01), p. 575-582
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 72, No. 2 ( 1992-02-01), p. 575-582
    Abstract: The effect of severe generalized edema on respiratory system mechanics is not well described. We measured airway pressure, gastric pressure, and four vertical pleural pressures in 13 anesthetized paralyzed pigs ventilated in the upright position. Pressure-volume relationships of the respiratory system, chest wall, and lung were measured on deflation from total lung capacity to residual volume and during tidal breathing both before (control) and 50 min after one of two interventions. In one series of experiments, a volume equal to 15–20% of the pig's body weight was infused intravenously. In a second series, a balloon was placed in the peritoneal space to distend the abdomen to the same gastric pressures as achieved in the first series. Measurements were compared before and after either abdominal balloon inflation or volume infusion. Volume infusion increased the pleural pressure in dependent lung regions, decreased both total lung capacity (34%) and functional residual capacity (62%) (both P less than 0.05), and markedly shifted the respiratory system and chest wall pressure-volume curves to the right, but it only moderately affected the lung deflation curve. Tidal compliances of the respiratory system, chest wall, and lung decreased 36, 31, and 49%, respectively (all P less than 0.05). The effect of abdominal balloon inflation on respiratory system mechanics was similar to that of volume infusion. We conclude that infusing large volumes of fluid markedly alters chest wall mechanics, mainly by causing abdominal distension that prohibits descent of the diaphragm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.575
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inositol phosphates and [Ca2+]i signals in a differentiating exocrine cell
    American Physiological Society ; 1991
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology Vol. 261, No. 2 ( 1991-08-01), p. C210-C217
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 261, No. 2 ( 1991-08-01), p. C210-C217
    Abstract: Generation of inositol phosphates and changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) upon muscarinic receptor activation were studied in isolated cells from the nasal salt gland of Anas platyrhynchos, comparing responses in the poorly differentiated cells from ducks drinking only tap water (naive cells) with the more fully differentiated actively secreting cells from ducks drinking 1% NaCl solution for 48 h before the experiment (stressed cells). On stimulation, naive cells showed a rapid five- to sevenfold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], accompanied by similar changes in Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, whereas both values increased only twofold in stressed cells. [3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate binding experiments revealed that these differences in inositol phosphate production were correlated with differences in the numbers of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Continuous recordings of [Ca2+]i revealed that Ca2+ release from intracellular stores upon stimulation was similar in both cell types, but the sustained [Ca2+] i signal (dependent on Ca2+ entry) was three times more pronounced in stressed cells. The results suggest that the adaptive differentiation of salt gland cells is associated with the increased expression of the receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry mechanism. In addition, the high rate of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in naive cells upon receptor activation may have a significance in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, which are elements of the development of the salt transport capabilities in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6143 , 1522-1563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.2.C210
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477334-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation and characterization of macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells from human hearts
    American Physiological Society ; 1994
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 267, No. 6 ( 1994-12-01), p. H2138-H2148
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 267, No. 6 ( 1994-12-01), p. H2138-H2148
    Abstract: In vivo models to investigate mechanisms of local hemostasis in the macro- and microvascular coronary circulation are not available. Therefore, we established a culture system of human macro- and microvascular endothelial cells with high cellular yield and high endothelial cell purity. Microvascular endothelial cells from human hearts were isolated by enzymatic treatment of cardiac muscle preparations obtained during heart transplantation. The isolated microvessels were used to start cultures that were subsequently separated and purified from contaminating nonendothelial cells by paramagnetic beads linked to the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin I. Macrovascular endothelial cells were isolated from epicardial coronary arteries and purified by paramagnetic beads as well. With this method high purity ( 〈 2% nonendothelial cells) was achieved as judged from fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Immunochemistry demonstrated the expression of several typical endothelial markers. The two endothelial cell types displayed functional heterogeneity in respect to bradykinin degradation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Thus the ability to selectively isolate and culture human macro- and microvascular cardiac endothelial cells provides a valuable tool to systematically investigate endothelial function in human hearts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.6.H2138
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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