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  • Mobility and traffic research  (8)
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  • Mobility and traffic research  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mode-Dependent Fracture Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures with Semicircular Bend Test
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2447, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 23-31
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2447, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 23-31
    Abstract: Cracking in asphalt concrete pavements causes primary failure in the pavement structure. This cracking is considered one of the key issues to be addressed when paving materials are selected and sustainable pavement structures are designed. Given the diverse nature of traffic loads and pavement geometry, the asphalt mixture in the pavement is subjected to complex cracking behavior, such as mixed-mode fracture (i.e., the combination of an opening mode and a shearing mode of fracture). To date, most studies considered Mode 1 (opening) fractures only, because of technical challenges in testing and analysis. For a better understanding of asphalt fracture and more accurate design of pavement structure, mode-dependent fracture behavior needs to be characterized. This paper presents experimental efforts to characterize the mode-dependent fracture behavior of an asphalt mixture. Toward this end, semicircular bending (SCB) fracture tests were incorporated into the results of digital image correlation analysis for a fine aggregate matrix mixture subjected to a 10 mm/min loading rate and an intermediate temperature condition of 218C. To achieve different fracture modes (i.e., opening, sliding, and mixed), the geometric loading configurations of the SCB test were varied through the use of different initial notch inclination angles and different supporting spans. Test results were further analyzed to calculate fracture resistance. Observations from this study, though limited, imply that mixed-mode fracture characteristics exist and need to be considered in the structural design of asphalt pavements with which multiaxial cracking usually is associated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2447-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tack Lifter for In Situ Measurement of Effective Emulsion Application Rates
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2550, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 80-88
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2550, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 80-88
    Abstract: Emulsion application rates are critically important to the performance of pavement surface treatments and tack coats. In this study, the tack lifter was introduced as a means to measure in situ effective emulsion application rates at specific locations along the length of paving. The tack lifter is a simple, weighted device that is placed on top of a superabsorbent foam sheet applied to a paving surface. The absorbent sheet soaks up emulsion from the roadway surface to get a spot check of the amount of emulsion on the surface. The device measures the effective emulsion application rate on the paving surface, neglecting emulsions absorbed into the paving surface. Laboratory studies of emulsion application onto chip seal and hot-mix asphalt concrete surfaces demonstrate the ability of the tack lifter to capture the sensitivity of emulsion absorption to pavement surface texture. In addition, preliminary tack lifter field trial results are presented to demonstrate its use as a quality control field test.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2550-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inspection of Voids in External Tendons of Posttensioned Bridges
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 115-122
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 115-122
    Abstract: Segmental posttensioned bridges are major structures that carry significant traffic. Recent investigations of these bridges identified voids in their ducts. The exposed strands at these void locations can undergo corrosion. The corrosion of strands may lead to the failure of tendons. As such, an effective inspection process for identifying these voids is needed. From a literature review, several nondestructive testing methods are compared for applicability to void inspection in external tendons. The impact echo, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and sounding inspection methods are then selected and assessed for further preliminary testing. The sounding inspection method is further assessed for its effectiveness in identifying voids in a full-scale, external tendon system. The results indicate that sounding inspection slightly underestimates the size of the voids. However, the inspected size and locations of voids have a close correlation with actual voids in ducts. Thus, sounding inspection can be an effective tool for identifying voids because of its easy application in the field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2172-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New and Simpler Cracking Test Method for Asphalt Mix Designs
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2631, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2631, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 1-10
    Abstract: Because of environmental conservation and sustainability concerns, reclaimed asphalt pavements and recycled asphalt shingles are increasingly used in the asphalt paving industry to replace virgin asphalt and aggregate materials. However, these recycled materials are often highly aged and can cause cracking issues for asphalt pavements. Additionally, other factors such as binder additives, modifiers, and multiple warm-mix asphalt technologies can alter the performance of the mixtures both positively and negatively. The volumetric mix design alone is not sufficient for evaluating the potential cracking behavior of asphalt mixes. Although many cracking test methods are available, there is no widely accepted performance-related cracking test method that is practical enough for routine use in asphalt mix designs. This paper presents a newly developed, simple, and practical cracking test method for asphalt mix designs. The new cracking test method is repeatable, time- and cost-effective, easily implemented, sensitive to mix compositions, and well correlated to field performance. The new cracking test is performed at an intermediate temperature of 25°C and a loading rate of 50 mm/min. Furthermore, a unitless index is proposed as the cracking resistance indicator for evaluation of the cracking resistance of asphalt mixes. Additionally, the effectiveness of the new cracking test was validated with the test results from FHWA’s accelerated loading facility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2631-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methods for Fog Seal Field Test with Polymer-Modified Emulsions : Development and Performance Evaluation
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2361, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 88-97
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2361, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 88-97
    Abstract: Findings from a laboratory evaluation of fog seal emulsions are presented. Curing time and adhesive behavior of polymer-modified emulsions (PMEs) were compared with those of unmodified emulsions as fog seal materials. The study showed that polymer modification could improve certain properties of emulsions, such as an increase in adhesion. The evaporation test and the pneumatic adhesion tension testing instrument were used to investigate emulsion curing and adhesive behavior. Also, the rolling ball test and the damping test were developed as in situ test methods to determine an appropriate traffic opening time for roadways treated with fog seals. Finally, the third-scale Model Mobile Load Simulator was employed to compare the performance properties of the fog seal emulsions. The following main findings are presented: use of PMEs improved the emulsion bond strength and lessened the time a road was closed to traffic; PMEs showed more effective emulsion curing rates than did unmodified emulsions; strong relationships existed between the bond strength and both the measured rolling distance (from the rolling ball test) and the measured percentage of stained area (from the damping test); field test methods could be used to help determine whether emulsions were fully cured; and PMEs exhibited better aggregate retention and bleeding performance properties than did unmodified emulsions as a fog seal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2361-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Simple Fatigue Cracking Test for Asphalt Binders
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2632, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 79-87
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2632, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 79-87
    Abstract: Current Superpave ® PG specification uses parameter | G*|sin(δ) to quantify asphalt binder fatigue resistance. The parameter’s effectiveness has been debated for a long time. AASHTO recently adopted the linear amplitude sweep test as a provisional standard, AASHTO TP 101-12. The authors evaluated the sensitivity of this standard to different aging conditions: unaged original binders, rolling thin-film oven-aged binders, and 20- to 80-h pressure aging vessel–aged binders. Test results showed, in many cases, longer predicted fatigue lives for more-aged binders. Thus this study developed a simple fatigue cracking test for asphalt binders. In this new test, the pure linear amplitude sweep (PLAS) test, peak shear strain was increased linearly from 0% to 30% over a course of 3,000 oscillatory cycles. A new fatigue parameter, the fatigue resistance energy index (FREI), was derived with fracture mechanics. The PLAS test and FREI parameter were sensitive to both binder aging conditions and rejuvenator type and dosage. Four laboratory mixtures were employed to evaluate the correlation between this new binder fatigue test and the two mixture cracking tests: the Texas overlay test and the Illinois flexibility index test. The results showed that the PLAS and FREI correlated well with the mixture cracking tests. Additionally, the proposed method was preliminarily verified with the FHWA accelerated loading facility test, and a fair relationship with the full-scale fatigue test data was observed. It is obvious that the PLAS and associated FREI need further validation through more field test sections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2632-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addressing Raveling Resistance in Chip Seal Specifications
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2612, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 39-46
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2612, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 39-46
    Abstract: Chip seals are applied to existing roadways to slow deterioration and improve pavement surface conditions without increasing the pavement’s structural capacity. The raveling of chip seals can cause damage to vehicles and thus is a safety concern. Raveling resistance is related to both material application rates and material properties. The current chip seal specifications fail to adequately address the material-related aspects of raveling resistance. This study seeks to develop recommendations to address raveling resistance in future chip seal specifications. Strain sweep binder tests, binder bond strength (BBS) tests, and Vialit chip seal mixture tests were conducted to assess early raveling, late raveling, and wet raveling at two intermediate temperatures. The results demonstrate that the bond that develops between the residual binder and the aggregate is highly dependent on the interaction between the emulsion and the aggregate during curing. The importance of emulsion–aggregate compatibility in raveling resistance indicates that raveling resistance cannot be addressed in binder specifications alone. Rather, it is recommended that intermediate temperature raveling resistance should be addressed during chip seal mixture design. Vialit and BBS tests, in which emulsion is cured on rock, can both be used to effectively quantify the aggregate loss potential of a chip seal. These two tests are able to capture the benefits of polymer modification and produce results that correlate. However, the Vialit tests are easier to implement than the BBS tests and require no expensive equipment. Therefore, Vialit tests are recommended to address early, late, and wet raveling resistance in future chip seal specifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2612-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effective Repair Grouting Methods and Materials for Filling Voids in External Posttensioned Tendons
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 3-10
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 3-10
    Abstract: Recent inspections of segmental posttensioned (PT) bridges reported the presence of large voids in ducts that contain PT strands. Corrosion of the strands was observed in these voids, which are believed to be a result of poor grouting. Corrosion of the PT strands can result in structural failure. Controversy exists on how best to protect PT tendons from corrosion; filling these voids with grout is one option. An optimized grouting procedure for repairing these voids is needed to protect the strands from corrosive environments. This research investigates three grouting methods for efficiently repairing the voids in PT duct systems: vacuum grouting (VG), pressure grouting (PG), and pressure–vacuum grouting (PVG). Each method is evaluated for filling capability, filling performance, and economic feasibility. Also, three prepackaged grouts for repair are assessed in this research to propose the most suitable material for repairing voids in the PT ducts. The results indicate that the PG and PVG methods are more constructible and likely to be more economical than the VG method. However, the PVG and VG methods seem to be more effective than the PG method in filling the voids. As a result of these tests, the PVG method is recommended for filling voids in tendons. The results also show that Classes C-1 and C-2 grouts have better filling capability than Class C-3 grout.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2172-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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