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  • Mobility and traffic research  (25)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 222-234
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 222-234
    Abstract: Vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) has been widely used in regional planning as a key sustainability performance indicator. Many regional growth plans for reducing work trip VKT have been proposed, with a focus on land use development in employment centers. Despite the potential impact of urban form on the reduction of VKT, the fundamentals of how this takes place remain unclear. This study analyzes the relationship between urban form, VKT, and mode shares by examining office commuting patterns in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) through a structural equation modeling approach. The model supports the substantial impact of urban form on the reduction of VKT; however, it indicates that such an impact is made mostly through shifting modes, rather than directly on reduced travel distances. This model is then used to evaluate critically a regional growth plan for the GTHA, finding that strategies focusing solely on increasing land use densities in employment centers are not likely to reduce regional VKT significantly without also easing commuting auto dependency. Thus, it is recommended that more sustainable travel alternatives for workers in employment centers should be provided to achieve a sufficient reduction in VKT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 22-32
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 22-32
    Abstract: As the concept of sustainable pavement gains prominence, a growing number of industrial wastes and recycled materials have been utilized in the pavement industry to preserve natural resources. This study investigates the potential use of waste glass powder-based geopolymer cement as a stabilizing agent in recycled waste glass aggregate (GA) bases. Two recycled materials, waste glass powder (GP) and class F fly ash (FF), were used as the raw materials in the preparation of geopolymer. Virgin aggregate (VA) was replaced by GA at varying replacement ratios as the pavement base materials, and the mechanical behaviors before and after geopolymer stabilization were evaluated. Without stabilization, the incorporation of over 10% GA caused significant detrimental effects on the California bearing ratios (CBR) of base materials, which should be carefully managed in pavement construction. However, all geopolymer stabilized samples showed decent strength properties, indicating the effectiveness of geopolymer stabilization. The use of GA reduced the drying shrinkage of base samples, although the mechanical properties were compromised. During the sample preparation, a higher curing temperature and relative humidity resulted in better mechanical behaviors, and the surface of GA could dissolve in alkaline solution and involve in the geopolymerization at 40°C. The microstructure and minerology of geopolymer stabilizer of base materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray defraction (XRD) analyses. This study confirmed the promise of using waste glass-based pavement base materials as the greener substitutes and the potential synergy between waste glass recycling and the pavement industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2491, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 53-60
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2491, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 53-60
    Abstract: Microsimulation programs, before being used for traffic analysis in practice, should be calibrated to reproduce the traffic characteristics and to represent the driver population in reality. A driver behavior questionnaire survey conducted in China revealed that significant differences in driving behavior existed in drivers. Calibration should be done by taking these differences in driving style into account. In this study, 30 drivers in Changsha, China, were invited to participate in in-car tests and complete a questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed the interdependencies between observed acceleration or deceleration characteristics and other variables. Four driving types were classified according to the four factor scores. Further analysis of repeated trips validated the consistency of driver membership within a class. A censoring method was applied to calibrate the desired acceleration functions and desired speed distributions in a simulation model for these four driving types. Distinct differences were found in desired speed and maximum desired acceleration or deceleration of the four driving types. It is expected that the categorization of driving types will be useful in model calibration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1980, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 16-23
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1980, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 16-23
    Abstract: Driving behaviors at intersections are complex. At intersections, drivers face more traffic events than elsewhere and are thus exposed to more potential errors with safety consequences. Drivers make real-time responses in a stochastic manner. This study used hidden Markov models (HMMs) to model the driving behavior of through-going vehicles on major roads at intersections. Observed vehicle movement data were used to estimate the model. A single HMM was used to cluster movements when vehicles were close to the intersection. The reestimated clustered HMMs could more accurately predict vehicle movements compared with traditional car-following models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2390, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 112-120
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2390, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 112-120
    Abstract: Traffic congestion is a serious problem for big cities. The model-based optimization control strategy is an effective method for decreasing traffic congestion. A proper control performance criterion is a key factor for effectively addressing different urban road network issues, for example, network mobility and traffic congestion. Therefore, two control performance criteria are proposed—L 2 -norm and L ∞ -norm performance indexes—for model-based urban road network controllers. The L 2 -norm and L ∞ -norm performance indexes are aimed at keeping road network homogeneity and decreasing road network congestion, respectively. For analysis of these two control performance criteria, case studies were conducted with the microscopic simulation software CORSIM to evaluate the designed model-based controllers with different criteria. The control effects of the model-based road network controllers were compared quantitatively by analyzing the degree of road network congestion and qualitatively by analyzing the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the road network (i.e., a network aggregated characteristic).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1874, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 181-188
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1874, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 181-188
    Abstract: Spring load restrictions (SLR) impose restrictions on heavy trucks during the spring thaw period. Although the policies have been implemented for many years, their economic effects on truckers remain uncertain. This study provides an overview of practices around the world and sets up a framework to estimate the benefit-cost of the SLR policy. A freight demand model in Minnesota was built to estimate the impacts of SLR on the freight transportation pattern. The model allows various policy scenarios to be tested before being put into practice. A preliminary result of the freight demand model indicates the SLR policy increased truck vehicle kilometers of travel in Lyon County, Minnesota, by about 13%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2566, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 93-101
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2566, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 93-101
    Abstract: As e-shopping proliferates, transportation planners examine the extent to which it will replace shopping trips. Although previous studies have explored relationships between online purchasing and store purchasing, few have examined the relationships for different types of products in China. A joint ordered probit model was applied to investigate the relationships among 963 respondents in Nanjing, China. Online purchasing had positive associations with store purchasing for all four types of products (clothing, books, daily goods, and electronics), even after shopping attitudes and demographics were controlled for. The magnitude of the complementarity effect differs by product type, with less frequently purchased products showing a larger effect. The impact of online purchasing on road systems is limited in China because transit and walking are dominant modes for shopping trips. However, the impact is expected to grow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2319, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 67-76
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2319, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 67-76
    Abstract: A 1-mi stretch of Interstate 5 in downtown Sacramento, California, was closed intermittently for reconstruction (i.e., “the Fix”) in the summer of 2008. With data collected from two contemporaneous surveys of affected workers, the study reported in this paper estimated changes in drive-alone commute, vehicle miles traveled (DACVMT) as a result of Fix-related mode shifts, switches to (increased) telecommuting (TC) and compressed work week (CWW) schedules, personal leave (PL) days, and departures from the region (DFR) (i.e., out of town for the entire study week). Distinctions were made for the first three causes for the changes, which were characterized as possibly permanent, and the latter two, which were definitely temporary. Net DACVMT changes were distinguished further by respondents who made overall positive changes and overall negative changes. During the target week, the total Fix-related VMT reduction for the entire affected sample (N = 6,185) was estimated to be between 5.36% and 5.48%. Reductions from potentially permanent sources led to an estimated 4.08% to 4.21% reduction, and those from definitely temporary sources led to a 1.27% reduction. Mode shifts reduced DACVMT between 3.04% and 3.17% (the net of a 0.42% increase by 32 respondents and a 3.46% to 3.59% decrease by 257 respondents; seven respondents made drive alone–related mode shifts that resulted in no net DACVMT change). Increased TC and CWW engagement contributed additional 0.71% and 0.33% reductions, respectively. PL time and DFR reduced DACVMT by 0.15% and 1.12%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2528, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 1-8
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2528, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 1-8
    Abstract: Bridge approach settlement (BAS) is one of the most common problems in highway and bridge construction. The settlement can result in unsafe driving conditions, rider discomfort, structural deterioration of bridges, and long-term maintenance costs. BAS research has focused mainly on causes, hazards, and countermeasures, with little emphasis on BAS measurement. This paper presents a rapid vehicle-mounted accelerometer method for BAS measurement and proposes a comprehensive BAS measure consisting of three indexes that measure user physical and psychological comfort as well as the impact on bridge structures. A wavelet transform is used to identify the reaction position. Power spectral density analysis and one-third octave band filtering are applied to calculate the weighted root mean square acceleration as an index of comfort. Adopting the annoyance rate concept from experimental psychology, an annoyance rate model was developed that includes a membership function and the distribution of user comfort levels. A quarter-car model and a linear time invariant (LTI) system were used to estimate the equivalent impact coefficient as an index of durability. Furthermore, a collective system equipped with z-axis accelerometers and a GPS device was created, and small-scale field tests were conducted in Shanghai, China. A velocity correction equation was generated to correct the evaluation model. The test results demonstrate the stability and efficiency of the rapid measurement system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2672, No. 49 ( 2018-12), p. 113-124
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2672, No. 49 ( 2018-12), p. 113-124
    Abstract: Isochrone analysis and assessments of cumulative opportunities are a common way to quantify accessibility. However, different time cut-offs have been used by different researchers, with little investigation into what is the ‘best’ cut-off time. Outstanding questions remain concerning the most effective or predictive cut-off time and the potential implications of choosing one time limit over another. The primary objective of this paper is to explore how different cut-off times affect the calculation of isochrone-based accessibility measurements and their potential to predict travel-mode choice. Fifty dissemination areas (DAs) within the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) are selected to test the impact of different isochrone cut-off times in 5-minute intervals for public transit, automobile, and walking accessibility. The relative predictive power of 30- and 45-minute isochrones in modeling mode choice is also examined. This paper finds that different cut-off times do impact the interpretability of accessibility measurements in the isochrone approach, but a defined cut-off time for general use cannot be determined based on the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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