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  • 2010-2014  (125)
  • Mobility and traffic research  (125)
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  • 2010-2014  (125)
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  • Mobility and traffic research  (125)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Snapshot Generation Protocol for Travel Time Estimation in a Connected Vehicle Environment
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2424, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2424, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 1-10
    Abstract: Connected vehicle technology offers great potential to improve the safety and the mobility of a transportation system. Probe data collection is one feature of connected vehicle technology in which vehicles collect information such as their location and speed. Probe data could be used to support various traffic management and traveler information applications. This paper presents the novel R 2 protocol, used to collect probe data in a connected vehicle environment. The core principle of R 2 protocol is to collect only vehicle snapshots when a significant change occurs in vehicle speed. Data from a connected vehicle simulation test bed in Boise, Idaho, and a real-world test bed in Oakland County, Michigan, were used to evaluate the proposed protocol. An average speed method and a method with its basis in the reconstruction of vehicle time–speed plots were used to estimate link travel time. Linear regression, cubic spline, and piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation were applied to reconstruct time–speed plots. The proposed R 2 protocol was compared with three existing protocols: fixed 2-s, fixed 4-s, and SAE J2735. The results from the simulation test bed indicated that the R 2 protocol not only outperformed the three protocols in error measurement but also required fewer snapshots to achieve the lower-error value. The snapshots recorded by the R 2 protocol were 30%, 26%, and 4% lower than those recorded by the other three J2735 protocols. The Michigan test bed case study showed that the R 2 protocol produced fewer errors and needed 11% fewer snapshots than the SAE J2735 protocol.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2424-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Hours of Service and Driving Patterns on Motor Carrier Crashes
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2281, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 119-127
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2281, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 119-127
    Abstract: There is a need to explore the relationship, if any, between the probability of a crash and the hours worked by truck drivers. The need arises from the continued adjustment of federal hours of service regulations for truck drivers. This research used data logs from less-than-truckload carrier operations in 2004 to 2005 and in 2010 to estimate the probability of a crash after a certain amount of time spent driving, given no crashes until that time. Driver logs for 7 days before each crash were used and compared with a random sample (two drivers) of drivers who did not crash and were selected from the same company, terminal, and month. This study involved 686 subjects, including 224 crash-involved drivers. Discrete-time survival analysis models indicated a consistent increase in crash odds as driving time increased beyond the fourth hour. Breaks from driving reduced crash odds by as much as 50% compared with situations of drivers with no breaks. Crash odds were lowest when drivers returned to work during the day without an immediately preceding extended recovery period (but with at least minimum required off-duty time). Drivers returning to work immediately after a 34-h recovery period had crash odds 50% to 150% higher than those for drivers without the recovery immediately before a trip. Drivers had the highest crash odds immediately after returning from the extended time off; the effect then diminished with time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2281-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interfleet and Intrafleet Models for Crew Recovery Problems
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2336, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 75-82
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2336, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 75-82
    Abstract: This paper investigates the intrafleet and interfleet models for the solution of crew recovery problems during irregular airline operations. The intrafleet model groups crew members together and assigns them to flights in the same fleet. The interfleet model splits crew groups and reassigns them to flights across different fleets. Both models belong to the set covering problems with side constraints; however, the former is a 0–1 set covering problem whereas the latter is a general set covering problem. The models exhibit different computational characteristics. Various solution approaches are discussed, and a simulated annealing algorithm is developed for models that are difficult to solve. Computational results using data from a major airline show that the algorithm is able to provide effective and efficient solutions. These results also show that the intrafleet model, though widely used by airlines in practice, limits the solution space and can lead to inferior solutions. The interfleet model offers better recovery solutions for airlines under irregular operations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2336-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Safety Assessment Tool for Long-Span Bridges : Case Study of Sutong Bridge in China
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2451, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 97-102
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2451, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 97-102
    Abstract: This paper provides a safety assessment tool (SAT) for long-span bridges in China. The authors selected the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, one of the largest long-span bridges in China, for a case study. Currently, safety assessment of long-span bridges in China is primarily based on human judgment. No effective method exists for estimating the traffic crash risk of long-span bridges under various conditions; this situation creates difficulty in providing effective safety control strategy and developing counter-measures. In this study, the Traffic Software Integrated System was used to simulate the traffic on the Sutong Bridge. A safety assessment model (SAM) was developed from four contributing factors: traffic volume, free-flow speed, percentage of heavy vehicles, and weather conditions. SAM was used as the basis for developing an SAT that could aid policy makers and traffic professionals in better understanding of traffic safety of the Sutong Bridge: (a) a risk map was created to indicate different safety levels of the bridge under various conditions and (b) a user interface was designed to allow users to identify the safety level of the bridge quickly and easily.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2451-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determinants of Bicycle Transfer Demand at Metro Stations : Analysis of Stations in Nanjing, China
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2276, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 131-137
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2276, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 131-137
    Abstract: Metro transit networks are constantly expanding to meet the growing travel demand that accompanies rapid urban growth. One main disadvantage of metro transport is its heavy reliance on access and egress transport and, hence, on the corresponding transfer facilities. Improvements to these transfer facilities therefore have the potential to increase use of the metro system while possibly alleviating the traffic load on the urban road network. Because bicycle transfer at metro stations—that is, using a bicycle as mode of access to or egress from the metro system—is underused, the determinants of the demand for bicycle transfer are investigated. Results and findings are valuable for designing policies aimed at improving metro ridership and for designing bicycle parking and transfer facilities at metro stations. To this end, several metro stations in Nanjing, China, were analyzed, and two stereotypical metro stations were selected for how well they represented the system. A large-scale survey was conducted on metro travelers' opinions on and use of bicycle transfer facilities, and data were collected on the current attributes of service groups, bicycle parking occupancy, and transfer mode alternatives. Furthermore, metro travelers' (latent) transfer preferences for bicycle rental facilities were investigated. Two transfer choice models were estimated to identify and quantify the determinants for bicycle transfer demand: one focuses on current walk–metro trips, and the other focuses on current bus–metro trips. The explanatory determinants are discussed, and relative weights are computed with multiple linear regression analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2276-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quasi-Experimental Study of Traffic Calming Measures in New York City
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2364, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 29-35
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2364, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 29-35
    Abstract: This paper provides a large-scale, rigorous evaluation of traffic calming projects in one U.S. city. The study area is New York City, which treated 391 streets with speed tables between 1996 and 2003. On the basis of crash frequencies for 5 years before treatment and 5 years after for treated streets and well-matched comparison streets, no evidence emerged that New York City's ambitious traffic calming program has led to a reduction in total crashes, pedestrian crashes, or injury crashes. This is in contrast to earlier, less carefully controlled evaluations that have reported significant reductions in crashes with traffic calming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2364-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Network Sensor Locations for Estimation of Traffic Flow
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2443, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 32-39
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2443, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 32-39
    Abstract: This paper addresses the network sensor location problem (NSLP) for identifying the set of sensor locations that minimizes the variability in estimation of traffic flow given budget constraints. The trace of the covariance matrix is adopted as a measure of variability in traffic flow. On the basis of the trace of the covariance matrix in the posterior estimation of traffic flow conditional on a given set of sensor locations, the general form of the NSLP is derived. As an illustration, the multivariate normal distribution for the prior estimation of traffic flow is assumed. In this case, the actual value of the counted flows is not required. Furthermore, an incremental method that can avoid matrix inversion and give priorities of the identified sensor locations is presented to solve the NSLP. Finally, a numerical example based on the Nguyen–Dupuis network illustrates the NSLP approach and clarifies some of its implementation details.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2443-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dispersion Effect in Left-Turning Bicycle Traffic and Its Influence on Capacity of Left-Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersections
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2468, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 38-46
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2468, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 38-46
    Abstract: Bicycle traffic passing through intersections exhibits a dispersion effect that can influence the movements of nearby vehicles. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the dispersion effect in left-turning bicycle traffic at signalized intersections and to evaluate the effect's influence on the capacity of left-turning vehicles. Characteristics of the dispersion effect were investigated in 20 h of video data collected in Nanjing, China. A Poisson model was estimated to evaluate the factors contributing to platoon width of left-turning bicycle traffic. The impacts of platoon width on the capacity and delay of left-turning vehicles also were evaluated. Results showed that several factors, including the number of left-turning electric bicycles (e-bicycles) and conventional bicycles arriving during the red light period and the directional factor, significantly affected the platoon width of left-turning bicycle traffic. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the platoon was widest when the number of left-turning e-bicycles divided by the number of total left-turning bicycles arriving per cycle was about 60%. An adjustment factor that accounted for the impacts of left-turning bicycles on the capacity of left-turning vehicles was proposed. Increasing the platoon width of left-turning bicycles from three to eight reduced the left-turning vehicle capacity about 19% and increased the capacity of all left-turning traffic around 25%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2468-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and Application of Large-Scale Cast-Steel Joints for Special-Shape Bridges
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 66-73
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2172, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 66-73
    Abstract: Because of their excellent structural performance, strong plasticity, and attractive appearance, cast-steel joints have gradually become a new type of joint for long-span steel-pipe modern architectural structures. Landscape bridges whose shapes are especially attractive have emerged; many have new and unique shapes and complicated structures. Some large-scale steel-pipe intersecting joints are designed in such structures. An innovative approach is presented: the use of cast-steel joints as two large-scale pipe intersecting joints of a special-shape tower in the design of a landscape cable-stayed bridge crossing over an expressway. The design methods for cast-steel joints that can be used on similar projects are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2172-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analyzing Travelers’ Intention to Accept Travel Information : Structural Equation Modeling
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2156, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-100
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2156, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-100
    Abstract: Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) cannot improve the traffic environment if travelers do not accept the travel information provided by the system. To understand better why travelers accept or refuse travel information and to explain, predict, and increase travelers’ acceptance of travel information, a research framework based on the technology acceptance model is developed to establish the relationship between travelers’ intention to accept travel information, trust in travel information, perceived usefulness of travel information, perceived ease of its use, and other related variables. Then structural equation modeling is used to examine and analyze the relationship among these variables. The results show that the factors that significantly determine travelers’ intention to accept travel information are trust in travel information, its perceived usefulness, its perceived ease of use, and information attributes. Through an examination of the direct, indirect, and total effects in the model system, it is discovered that perceived ease of use has the largest total effect on intention to accept by a standardized coefficient of 0.522, followed by trust in information (0.348), perceived usefulness (0.199), and information attributes (0.079). These results indicate the practical value of the estimated model for guiding recommendations aimed at increasing travelers’ intention to accept travel information and at improving the service quality of travel information in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2156-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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