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  • Mobility and traffic research  (10)
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  • Mobility and traffic research  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2585, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 67-76
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2585, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 67-76
    Abstract: The parameter value chosen to measure driving performance affects the accuracy of the estimated fatigue level. Methods to analyze the sensitivity of these parameter values were proposed. Standard deviation of lane position (SDLP) and steering reversal rate (SRR) were considered to assess fatigue, and the sensitivity of these parameters was analyzed from the time domain and value domain. Thirty-six male drivers participated in a field test. Lane position, steering wheel angle data, and self-reported fatigue level (scored on the Karolinska sleepiness scale) were recorded. SDLP results indicate that the maximum average coefficient with fatigue level reached .11, with a unified statistical interval of 202 s when the consecutive analysis method was used; the maximum average coefficient was .12 with a unified interval of 120 s when the maximum analysis method was used. SRR results indicate that a steering angle difference of 6° was the most sensitive threshold for driver fatigue level and has an average correlation coefficient of .42, which demonstrated that SRR was more reliable than SDLP for monitoring fatigue level. With the use of the optimal parameter value, the variation results of SDLP and SRR at each fatigue level were examined, and results indicate that driving ability was impaired as fatigue level increased. The methods and results can be applied to analyses of fatigued or drowsy driving.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2672, No. 37 ( 2018-12), p. 55-63
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2672, No. 37 ( 2018-12), p. 55-63
    Abstract: Rear-end crash is the most common type of on-road traffic crash, and cell phone use contributes to the increase of rear-end crashes. The effects of cell phone use on driving performance have been thoroughly investigated in previous research with various measurements. However, change in driver’s visual performance while using a cell phone in situations with high rear-end risk has not yet been fully understood. This driving simulator study investigated drivers’ eye movement performance in a rear-end collision avoidance maneuver during cell phone conversation. Eye movement data of 36 participants were collected in a car-following scenario featuring imminent rear-end collision. The whole collision avoidance process was divided into four stages for eye movement data analysis, including normal driving stage, brake response stage, deceleration adjusting stage, and speed recovering stage. Results showed that the average pupil size, fixation duration, and dwell time on the leading vehicle increased significantly during the brake response and deceleration adjusting stages. This indicated that the drivers’ cognitive workload increased during these stages. Drivers used blink inhibition and quick saccade as a visual compensation strategy to mitigate the increased workload from cell phone use during the brake response stage. However, in the deceleration adjusting stage, the cell phone use condition led to a lower fixation frequency on the leading vehicle than in the no phone use condition. Professional drivers were found to pay more visual attention to the leading vehicle than non-professional drivers in the normal driving stage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Work zones, being a critical component of roadway transportation systems, can benefit greatly from computer vision-enabled roadway infrastructures, specifically in connected vehicle (CV) environments. Connected infrastructures, such as roadside units (RSU) and on-board units (OBU), can greatly improve the environmental awareness and safety of CVs driving through a work zone. The contribution of this paper lies in developing a vision-based approach to generate work zone safety messages in real time, utilizing video streams from roadside monocular traffic cameras that can be used by CV work zone safety apps on mobile devices to reliably navigate through a work zone. A monocular traffic camera calibration method is proposed to establish the accurate mapping between the image plane and Global Position System (GPS) space. Real test scenarios show that our algorithm can precisely and effectively locate work zone boundaries from a monocular traffic camera in real time. We demonstrate the capabilities and features of our system through real-world experiments where the driver cannot see the work zone. End-to-end latency analysis reveals that the vision-based work zone safety warning system satisfies the active safety latency requirements. This vision-based work zone safety alert system ensures the safety of both the worker and the driver in a CV environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The train operation scheme is the basis of urban rail transport organization. During peak hours, metro operations are characterized by overcrowded and unevenly distributed passenger demand. In this paper, a short-turning strategy is proposed to optimize train operations in combination with passenger flow variations to address the problem of concentrated traffic congestion on long metro lines. Firstly, an optimization model is developed for minimizing the total passenger waiting for time cost and train operating cost, taking into account the actual passing capacity of the line and the current constraints of train operations. Simultaneously, a genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the locations of the turn-back stations and the optimal ratio of different routings during the morning peak hours. Finally, the validity of the model is verified using Nanning Metro Line 1 as a case study, and the sensitivity of positions of turn-back stations is also analyzed. The results showed that the opening of short-turning routing during peak hours is conducive to accelerating train turnover, reducing the number of vehicles employed, and balancing passenger flow. It saved passenger waiting time by 4% and reduced vehicle kilometers traveled by 7% compared with full-length routing. This strategy improves the uneven spatial load of trains during peak passenger flows and provides theoretical support and technical reference for the optimized travel commissioning of urban rail transit line networks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2222, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 10-16
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2222, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 10-16
    Abstract: In some developing countries, the port industry is going through rapid expansion, and regional port systems (RPSs) are gaining importance in their regional and national economies. In an idealized RPS, outbound freight generated within the region can be routed through any of the ports within the RPS. Commodity-handling capacities of ports within the RPS have a significant impact on the efficiency of commodity flow within the system. A bilevel optimization model that captures the interaction between the decisions of port capacity and commodity flow was developed in the context of a developing country with an export-oriented economy. In this model, a social planner optimizes the whole system by determining the capacity of each port to minimize certain regional logistics costs, taking into account that shippers in demand-generating hinterland regions determine the amount of shipments to each port on the basis of many factors, including the capacities of ports. A heuristic model was developed to solve the lower-level shipper-choice problem. This heuristic is not only based on discrete choice but also factored in port capacity constraints. The genetic algorithm was applied to solve the upper-level capacity-determination problem. The model was successfully applied to a port system containing 15 ports and 13 hinterland regions in Jiangsu province of China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2673, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 814-825
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2673, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 814-825
    Abstract: The long-span multi-pylon suspension bridge is the subject of growing interest. Under live load, the longitudinal deflection of the mid-pylon is an important control parameter for a multi-pylon suspension bridge design. It is important to establish a simplified method of calculating pylon deflection for the preliminary design and selection of a multi-pylon suspension bridge. Based on deflection theory and deformation compatibility condition, considering main cable horizontal constraints and the interaction among pylons and girders with the methods of equivalent stiffness and moment distribution, the simplified calculation formulas of pylon displacement at the top for three-, four-, and five-pylon suspension bridges are derived. The validity of the formulas are verified by model experiment, real bridge testing, and finite-element analysis. For a floating system, the error between the simplified formula and the finite element method is less than 10%, and that of the model experiment is within 25%. For a consolidation system, the error between the simplified formula and the finite element method is within 16%, and that of the real bridge testing is less than 11%. As the number of pylons increases, the simplified formulas tend to be less accurate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2402, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 19-27
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2402, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 19-27
    Abstract: Circadian rhythms, inherent in all humans, consist of 24-h biological patterns that affect a person's fatigue level. The effect of circadian rhythms on driving performance was explored in an on-road driving study. Fifteen middle-aged professional daytime drivers were recruited to participate in the experiment. Participants were classified into three groups: (a) a morning group that started driving at 09:00, (b) a noon group that started driving at 12:00, and (c) an evening group that started driving at 21:00. Each group completed a 6-h driving task. The self-reported Karolinska sleepiness scale score was recorded every 5 min, and data on driving performance parameters, such as steering and lane positioning, were also acquired. The results indicated that both circadian rhythms and driving duration had significant effects on self-reported fatigue levels and that the fatigue level increased faster in the evening group than the morning and noon groups. The results of the circadian rhythm analysis showed that a driver was most likely to feel tired between 14:00 and 16:00 and between 02:00 and 04:00, when the ability to stay within designated lane lines (lane maintenance) was significantly impaired for drivers in all three groups. The evening group drivers were the most at risk. The steering performance did not show a significant relationship with the self-reported fatigue level. The self-reported fatigue level is the result of the interactive effect of circadian rhythms and driving duration. The standard deviation of lane position was more correlated with circadian rhythms than with the steering reversal rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 515-527
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 515-527
    Abstract: Traditional route generation algorithms may result in many routes that few drivers choose in reality, whereas other route generation algorithms need to determine thresholds for route set generation but lack data support. To avoid invalid route generation, reduce computation time, and provide a scientific basis for the generation of navigation routes and traffic assignment, this paper confines the route set size by mining the spatial distribution range of route sets and the threshold of factors affecting route set generation. Global positioning system data are used to determine hotspots based on a hotspot origin–destination identification method. The route set spatial distribution range is mined by the standard deviational ellipse. Finally, the factors affecting the generation of route sets are selected, and the classification and regression trees algorithm is used to mine their thresholds. The results show that the spatial distribution range of route sets is elliptical, and the threshold values of the number of turns per kilometer for medium and long travel distances are 1.794 and 2.508, respectively. The maximum travel time per kilometer for long travel distance is 4.773 min. The maximum numbers of road intersections for short, medium, and long travel distance per kilometer are 1.648, 0.984, and 0.592, respectively. The implications of results on reducing the search range and time of the route set and their applications to traffic network design and route navigation are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2676, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 564-585
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2676, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 564-585
    Abstract: This paper presents an approach to address the problem of location of international multimodal logistics hubs (IMLHs) in the international multimodal network from the perspective of accessibility. The approach has three phases: constructing multiple accessibility indices, identifying the candidate IMLHs, and determining the optimal IMLHs. First, seven accessibility indices are constructed considering multiple transport segments and modes in the international transportation chain. Second, several candidate IMLHs are identified according to the integrated accessibility calculated by a modified GRA-TOPSIS (grey relational analysis technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution). Third, an accessibility-based gravity p-median model is established to determine optimal IMLHs. Finally, the approach is applied to IMLHs in China. The results show that the distribution of the identified 28 candidate IMLHs is reasonable, and the 15 optimal IMLHs can serve most of the cargo origins in China. The study provides support for decision-makers in the location of multimodal transportation hubs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2595, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 98-107
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2595, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 98-107
    Abstract: Probes with GPS devices reveal useful information for traffic conditions, but the high level of noise and the sparsity of observations make it challenging to estimate speed distribution from the data collected. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach for estimating link speed distribution from GPS-equipped probe data. The key contribution of the study is a generic hierarchical Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm for sampling from probe speed distribution, with Gaussian mixture models for probe speed clustering. The algorithm combines Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastings sampling to improve convergence speed. A rigorous mathematical discussion is provided for the simulation approach. The algorithm is evaluated with synthetic data and real-world probe data and shows the feasibility of the approach. Results also confirm the computational advantages of the proposed algorithm and suggest its potential for real-time extension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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