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  • Mobility and traffic research  (540)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating the Effects of Freeway Weaving Section Length on Level of Service Based on Microsimulation
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: At freeway weaving sections, traffic congestion and accidents are frequent because of the disturbance generated by merging or diverging vehicles. To reduce the disturbance and accordingly improve the level of service (LOS), an appropriate length of weaving section should be established. According to the US-HCM, the weaving section density, which is a surrogate for LOS, is determined by weaving length, traffic volume, and weaving volume ratio. However, it is not yet clear whether the US-HCM accurately estimates the density for various traffic conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of weaving length under various traffic conditions through microscopic traffic simulation VISSIM. The GA optimization method is applied to build the car-following and lane-changing models in VISSIM. The results show that weaving length is a critical determinant of LOS and short weaving length significantly increases traffic congestion. Increasing the length of the weaving section is a good countermeasure for alleviating traffic congestion. This study also proposes the appropriate weaving section length, with which the upstream LOS can be maintained in the weaving section. These results would serve as valuable information in the planning or design phase of a weaving section given that the flow demands are specified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231165019
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modified Portland Cement Association Stress Analysis and Thickness Design Procedures
    SAGE Publications ; 1997
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1568, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 77-88
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1568, No. 1 ( 1997-01), p. 77-88
    Abstract: A new stress analysis and thickness design procedure for jointed concrete pavements was developed. On the basis of Westergaard’s edge stress solution and several prediction models for stress adjustments for a variety of loading and environmental (i.e., thermal curling) conditions, a modified Portland Cement Association (PCA) equivalent stress analysis and thickness design procedure was proposed and implemented in a highly user-friendly, Windows-based program, TKUPAV, for practical trial applications. The proposed approach has been further verified by reproducing results very close to the PCA’s equivalent stresses and fatigue damages using a spreadsheet program and the TKUPAV program. The possible detrimental effect of loading plus daytime curling has been illustrated in a case study, which also indicated that the effect of thermal curling should be considered in the thickness design of concrete pavements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1568-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Effects of Activities While Traveling on Travelers' Sentiment
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2383, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 27-34
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2383, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 27-34
    Abstract: Travel involves various onboard activities. The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has added new dimensions to the activities. This study analyzed the effects of various onboard activities, including the use of ICT devices, on trip makers' feelings during trips. This study employed the daily reconstruction method to examine whether the feelings that trip makers had were positive or negative. In addition, the seemingly unrelated probit regression and univariate probit models were used to analyze the association between onboard feelings and types of onboard activities by travel mode. This study found that onboard activities using ICT devices were valued by trip makers and tended to have positive effects on their feelings during trips. However, it was also found that the effects were not homogenous. Emerging ICT-related onboard activities can be instrumental in improving people's travel experience and in encouraging automobile users to become transit riders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2383-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consideration of 24-hr Volumes in Selection of Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Isolated Intersections
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1553, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 18-27
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1553, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 18-27
    Abstract: Selection of the most appropriate traffic signal control strategy for isolated intersections is a difficult and complicated process. TRAF-NETSIM was used to evaluate the operational performance of an isolated intersection under pretimed, semiactuated, and actuated control for continuous 24-hr traffic volumes. Guidelines were developed for selecting the most effective control strategy. Findings include the following: either pretimed or actuated control is the most effective strategy for isolated intersections without flashing for the 24-hr and peak 8-hr traffic volumes. The conventional three-dial pretimed controller is still a valuable control strategy and should not be eliminated from consideration. The most effective strategy for the peak 8-hr operation of an isolated intersection is probably the most effective one for overall 24-hr operation, as well. The combined control strategy (which consists of one or more of the pretimed, actuated, and semiactuated controls dependent on the hourly volumes) without flashing is the most effective strategy for the 24-hr and peak 8-hr traffic volumes. The signal flashing mode is very effective during the night when the total intersection critical lane volume falls below 500 vehicles per hour. Advanced pretimed controllers are generally more effective than conventional three-dial pretimed controllers. There is no direct, universal method to determine the most effective combined traffic signal control strategy for isolated intersections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198196155300103
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Geographic Information System-Based Pavement Management System for Salt Lake City
    SAGE Publications ; 1996
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1524, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 16-24
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1524, No. 1 ( 1996-01), p. 16-24
    Abstract: Over the past 3 years, a major effort has been made toward making a pavement management system (PMS) functional in Salt Lake City, Utah. As part of this effort, a geographic information system (GIS) was developed to enhance the existing PMS. The GIS-based PMS (G-PMS) developed for Salt Lake City is presented. G-PMS was written in Map-Basic, the programming language of MapInfo, to provide pavement engineers at Salt Lake City with customized menus and pavement management functions. The G-PMS reads in the unified crack indexes based on the digital image processing algorithm, recommends the most appropriate maintenance strategies, and displays those strategies on a digital map. It also provides the functions to report estimated costs for each maintenance activity and conduct financial planning. The design and function of G-PMS are discussed in detail. G-PMS is being implemented for the public works department of Salt Lake City.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198196152400103
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Permanent Deformation Model of Asphalt Mixtures for South Korean Pavement Design Guide
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2095, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 45-52
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2095, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 45-52
    Abstract: The Korean Pavement Design Guide (KPDG) was developed based on a mechanistic–empirical approach. This paper presents the permanent deformation model of asphalt mixtures in the KPDG. The permanent deformation model for various types of asphalt mixtures was developed by using the results of triaxial repeated loading tests. This model was calibrated with the accelerated pavement test (APT) and the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. Through the triaxial repeated loading tests, the permanent deformation model of asphalt mixtures was developed to address the effects of temperature and initial air voids. The model coefficients for the temperature and air voids obtained from the triaxial tests do not need to be calibrated. However, the model coefficients for the shift factor and number of load repetitions should be calibrated with APT data. This study found that the model requires a correction factor to consider the effects of total asphalt concrete (AC) layer thicknesses. The correction factor is useful for simulating the distribution of a real vertical plastic strain for different AC layer thicknesses. A shift factor was found by comparing the measured rut depth from the LTPP sections and predicted values from the KPDG program. A verification study showed that the final permanent deformation model developed in this study can predict the field rut depth of various AC pavements quite accurately.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2095-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Visible Light Transmission from Vehicle Windows on Traffic Flow of Car-Following
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2188, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 156-164
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2188, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 156-164
    Abstract: Regulation of the percentage of visible light transmission (VLT) has been controversial because the driving behavior of the following vehicle depends on the integrity of the vision field. It is conjectured that the level of VLT of a vehicle can affect the stability and headway of vehicles. Car-following theory can be a useful tool to analyze the effect of vehicle VLT on traffic flow in cases in which proper field data can be obtained. Most car-following experiments have been based mainly on mathematical analyses, which, because of a lack of accurate equipment, assumed that the response of the drivers was uniform. Now, global positioning systems (GPSs) and other advanced technologies make it possible to obtain vehicle trajectories and to monitor driving behavior accurately. This study focuses on identifying the effect of vehicle VLT on the local and asymptotic stability underlying car-following theory. Car-following experiments were performed for VLT of 70%, 30%, and 0% with a real-time kinematic GPS receiving apparatus. In addition, both local and asymptotic stability were analyzed to verify the relationship between VLT and the stability of vehicle trajectories. Driving behavior was also investigated with acceleration noise and distance headway. The VLT of tinted windows is found to have a statistically significant effect on the following driver's behavior. Further studies should focus on measuring the negative impact of lower VLT to establish minimum standards for VLT for various velocities and different types of vehicles by using this experimental method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2188-17
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Effect of Universal Helmet Law Changes on Motorcyclist Fatal Crashes: Comparison Group and Empirical Bayes Approaches
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2637, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 27-37
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2637, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 27-37
    Abstract: A motorcyclist helmet is considered important safety equipment because it prevents or minimizes head and brain injuries, which are often fatal. Hence, in the 1960s and 1970s, most of the states in the United States enacted the universal helmet law (UHL) requiring all motorcyclists to wear helmets. Many researchers have examined the effect of the helmet law changes by using before-and-after studies and found that repealing the law had a negative effect on motorcyclists. In this study, the authors have attempted to explore the long-term impacts of repeal and reinstatement of the UHL by using 13 to 16 years of data. A before-and-after study with a comparison group and empirical Bayes methods was adopted to account for the passage of time and its effect on other factors such as exposure, maturation, trend, and regression-to-the-mean bias. A range of safety performance functions was developed on the basis of counties and parishes, and the expected fatal motorcycle crashes were calculated. The results showed that the UHL repeal still had significant effects on motorcycle fatal crash counts even 7 to 12 years after the repeal of the law. The crash modification factors showed that the UHL repeal increased the number of motorcycle fatal crashes by 15% to 41%, whereas reinstatement of the UHL decreased it by 21% to 27%. It is expected that the results from this study could be helpful for state policy makers to clearly understand the effects of the UHL on reducing motorcycle fatal crashes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2637-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Matching Simulator Characteristics to Highway Design Problems
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2248, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 53-60
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2248, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 53-60
    Abstract: Driving simulators hold much promise for addressing roadway design issues. However, although simulators have demonstrated their value in experimental research addressing driver performance, their ability to support road design projects has not been as clearly established. This paper describes a design-centered framework to make simulators valuable for traffic engineers and geometric designers. This framework includes several steps: (a) identification of design issues that would benefit from driving simulators, (b) identification of simulator characteristics to match them to design issues, and (c) translation of driver performance data from the simulator to traffic behavior on the road. Several critical obstacles inhibit application of simulators to highway design. First, driving safety researchers and engineers comprise separate communities and their perspectives on how simulators can be applied to address road design issues often diverge. This paper seeks to reduce this divergence and make simulators useful to highway engineers. Interviews with engineers revealed important issues that simulators could address, such as intersection and interchange design. Second, driving simulators are often broadly defined as high fidelity, which provides little value in matching simulators to design issues. A survey of simulators and simulator characteristics clarifies the meaning of simulator fidelity and links it to road design issues. Third, simulators often produce data that do not correspond to data collected by traffic engineers. This mismatch can result from inadequate simulator fidelity, but can also arise from more fundamental sources—traffic engineers focus on traffic behavior and driving simulator researchers focus on driver behavior. Obstacles in using simulators for highway design reflect both technical and communication challenges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2248-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Valuation of Travel Time Reliability Accommodating Heterogeneity of Route Choice Behaviors
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2565, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 86-93
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2565, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 86-93
    Abstract: Because travel time reliability and travel time itself are significant to many transportation system users, transportation planners and decision makers should consider travel time reliability as a key performance measure. Values of travel time reliability have most often been determined by estimating route choice models and evaluating the marginal rates of substitution between the costs and travel time variations. However, the most common formulation imposes strong restrictions on taste variations. In this study a route choice model accommodated the observed and unobserved heterogeneity with the mixed logit framework. Stated preference data were assembled to model drivers’ route choice between a tolled highway and an untolled national road in South Korea. The values of travel time and the values of travel time reliability were estimated with this model by the purpose of the trip and the household income level. These results highlight the need to accommodate observed and unobserved heterogeneity within the context of evaluation of the values of travel time and values of travel time reliability. The results also provide policy makers with information about the impacts of policies on different segments of the population such as the pricing of high-occupancy-toll lanes and express lanes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2565-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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