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  • English  (9)
  • Stabi Berlin  (9)
  • Ibero-Amerik. Institut
  • Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum
  • Collegium Polonicum
  • Berlin VÖBB/ZLB
  • Zuse-Institut Berlin
  • Stadtmuseum Berlin
  • Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung
  • SB Velten
  • ÖB Neustadt (Dosse)
  • 2010-2014  (9)
  • van den Berg, Caroline  (9)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Drivers of Non-Revenue Water : How Effective are Non-Revenue Water Reduction Programs? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266430
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Content: To many, reducing water losses is seen as key to more sustainable water management. The arguments to reduce water losses are compelling, but reducing water losses has turned out to be challenging. This paper applies a panel data analysis with fixed effects to determine the major drivers of non-revenue water, which is define as the volume of water losses per kilometer of network per day. The analysis uses data from the International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities, covering utilities in 68 countries between 2006 and 2011. The analysis finds that non-revenue water is driven by many factors. Some of the most important drivers are beyond the control of the utility, such as population density per kilometer of network, the type of distribution network, and the length of the network, which are largely the result of urbanization and settlement patterns in the localities that the utility serves. The opportunity costs of water losses are also key in explaining what drives non-revenue water. The paper finds that very low opportunity costs of water losses have an adverse effect on the reduction of non-revenue water. Country fixed effects turn out to be important, meaning that the environment in which the utility operates has an important impact on non-revenue water levels. An important conclusion is that the design of non-revenue water reduction programs should study the main drivers of non-revenue water to provide utility managers with a better understanding of what can be achieved in terms of non-revenue water reduction and whether the benefits of these reductions exceed their costs
    Additional Edition: van den Berg, Caroline The Drivers of Non-Revenue Water
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6997
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding Demand When Reforming Water Supply and Sanitation : A Case Study from Sri Lanka (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797576916
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Water P-Notes 5
    Content: Many countries are weighing urgent reforms to bring safe water supply and sanitation (WSS) services to hundreds of millions of poor city dwellers. Past reforms, unfortunately, have often ignored consumer preferences and perceptions, resulting in overly optimistic projections of the revenue potential of reform projects. When revenues fall short, private partners may seek to renegotiate their contract, resulting in tariff increases and other changes that increase project costs across the board. Such situations can undermine political commitment to reforms in general and to Private Sector Participation (PSP) in particular. Understanding consumers can help avoid such situations. Different groups of consumers have distinct preferences and perceptions that may influence their decisions about new water systems. Unfortunately, studies of consumers' water-related preferences are often deferred because collecting data takes time and costs money. Often there is pressure to complete reforms quickly sometimes to take advantage of a political opportunity so the necessary research is not done. In other cases, the challenge of increasing efficiency and improving governance may seem so daunting that the specific interventions required to make reform beneficial to the poor may be overlooked or consciously deferred.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Stabi Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heterogeneity in the Cost Structure of Water and Sanitation Services : A Cross-Country Comparison of Conditions for Scale Economies (2010)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017850704
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: The main purpose of this article is to compare the cost structure of water utilities across a set of 14 countries with different levels of economic development. As far as is known, the cross-country perspective is novel in this literature. This article first provides new measures of returns to scale in the water and sanitation sector for a set of countries, most of them from the developing world. It is then shown that the probability of a utility operating under decreasing, constant, or increasing returns to scale depends not only on its characteristics (the volume of water produced in particular), but also on the country's level of economic development (gross national income) and business environment as measured by investor protection, the cost of enforcing contracts and perceptions of corruption.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Stabi Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Use of Willingness to Pay Experiments : Estimating Demand for Piped Water Connections in Sri Lanka (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797544798
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper 3818
    Content: The authors show how willingness to pay surveys can be used to gauge household demand for improved network water and sanitation services. They do this by presenting a case-study from Sri Lanka, where they surveyed approximately 1,800 households in 2003. Using multivariate regression, they show that a complex combination of factors drives demand for service improvements. While poverty and costs are found to be key determinants of demand, the authors also find that location, self-provision, and perceptions matter as well, and that subsets of these factors matter differently for subsamples of the population. To evaluate the policy implications of the demand analysis, they use the model to estimate uptake rates of improved service under various scenarios-demand in subgroups, the institutional decision to rely on private sector provision, and various financial incentives targeted to the poor. The simulations show that in this particular environment in Sri Lanka, demand for piped water services is low, and that it is unlikely that under the present circumstances the goal of nearly universal piped water coverage is going to be achieved. Policy instruments, such as subsidization of connection fees, could be used to increase demand for piped water, but it is unclear whether the benefits of the use of such policies would outweigh the costs.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Stabi Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unpackaging Demand for Water Service Quality : Evidence from Conjoint Surveys in Sri Lanka (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_79754478X
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper 3817
    Content: In the early 2000s, the Government of Sri Lanka considered engaging private sector operators to manage water and sewerage services in two separate service areas: one in the town of Negombo (north of Colombo), and one stretching along the coastal strip (south from Colombo) from the towns of Kalutara to Galle. Since then, the government has abandoned the idea of setting up a public-private partnership in these two areas. This paper is part of a series of investigations to determine how these pilot private sector transactions (forming part of the overall water sector reform strategy) could be designed in such a manner that they would benefit the poor. The authors describe the results of a conjoint survey evaluating the factors that drive customer demand for alternative water supply and sanitation services in Sri Lanka. They show how conjoint surveys can be used to unpackage household demand for attributes of urban services and improve the design of infrastructure policies. They present conjoint surveys as a tool for field experiments and a source of valuable empirical data. In the study of three coastal towns in southwestern Sri Lanka the conjoint survey allows the authors to compare household preferences for four water supply attributes-price, quantity, safety, and reliability. They examine subpopulations of different income levels to determine if demand is heterogeneous. The case study suggests that households care about service quality (not just price). In general, the authors find that households have diverse preferences in terms of quantity, safety, and service options, but not with regard to hours of supply. In particular, they find that the poor have lower ability to trade off income for services, a finding that has significant equity implications in terms of allocating scarce public services and achieving universal water access.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Markets, Demand and Cost Recovery for Piped Water Supply Services : Evidence from Southwest Sri Lanka (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797545999
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper 3941
    Content: In many countries water supply is a service that is seriously underpriced, especially for residential consumers. This has led to a call for setting cost recovery policies to ensure that the tariffs charged for water supply cover the full cost of providing for the service. Yet, the question arises on how consumers will react to such price increases. The authors illustrate the impact of price increases on consumption of piped water through a study of the demand for water of piped and non-piped households using cross-sectional data from 1,800 households in Southwest Sri Lanka. The (marginal) price elasticity is estimated at -0.74 for households exclusively relying on piped water, and at -0.69 for households using piped water but supplementing their supply with other water sources, with no significant differences between income groups. Those households that depend on non-piped water sources have a time cost elasticity (as a proxy for price elasticity) of only -0.06. The authors discuss the implications of these results in terms of pricing policy.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The IBNET Water Supply and Sanitation Performance Blue Book (2012)
    [s.l.] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797846336
    Format: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9780821385821
    Content: The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET) blue book creates a baseline and, at the same time, offers a global vision of the state of the sector in developing countries. By tracking progress in and quantifying and assessing the water supply and sanitation sectors, IBNET helps meet the goal of providing safe, sustainable, and affordable water and sanitation for all. This report serves three purposes. First, it aims to raise awareness of how IBNET can help utilities identify ways to improve urban water and wastewater services. Second, it provides an introduction to benchmarking and to IBNET's objectives, scope, focus, and some recent achievements. Third, it elaborates the methodology and data behind IBNET and presents an overview of IBNET results and country data. By providing comparative information on utilities' costs and performance, IBNET and this study can be used by a wide range of stakeholders, including: 1) utilities: to identify areas of improvement and set realistic targets; 2) governments: to monitor and adjust sector policies and programs; 3) regulators: to ensure that adequate incentives are provided for improved utility performance and that consumers obtain value services; 4) consumers and civil society: to express valid concerns; 5) international agencies and advisers: to perform an evaluation of utilities for lending purposes; and 6) private investors: to identify opportunities and viable markets for investments.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Stabi Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Concessions : Who Wins, Who Loses, and What To Do About It (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797573488
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Viewpoint: Public Policy for the Private Sector Note 217
    Content: This note, based on the World Bank's Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) project database, reviews trends in infrastructure projects with private participation in low-income countries. Four main conclusions arise. Surprisingly, the proportion of countries with at least one project - eighty one percent - is higher among low-income, than middle-income countries. As in middle-income countries, most investment has been in telecommunications, or energy projects. However, in low-income countries, well over half the projects are greenfield. And the scale of private participation in low-income countries, lags far behind that in middle-income countries.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Stabi Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Privatization and Regulation in England and Wales (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797575227
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Viewpoint: Public Policy for the Private Sector Note 115
    Content: In 1989, the United Kingdom embarked on one of the first modern privatizations in the water sector, selling assets under license and setting up an independent economic regulator. An important regulatory innovation is its use of price caps and yardstick competition. The author highlights two lessons from U.K. regulatory experience: effective price cap regulation has heavy information requirements, and the necessary data and analytical tools take time to assemble. And such built-in checks and balances as financial autonomy for the regulator and status as an independent government department are not always enough to prevent political interference.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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