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  • Stabi Berlin  (11)
  • SB Luckenwalde
  • Informationszentrum DGAP
  • Larson, Gunnar  (11)
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  • Stabi Berlin  (11)
  • SB Luckenwalde
  • Informationszentrum DGAP
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rethinking Collaborative Arrangements with Local Partners (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554041
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 51
    Content: More forest area is being designated for use by local communities and indigenous peoples. In a growing number of countries legislation is being introduced to ensure that local partners share in the benefits of forest operations and participate as active stakeholders in the sustainable use of forest resources. Private sector investment in the forest sector is increasing as well. For businesses in an expanding range of investment settings, establishing and maintaining positive working relationships with local communities is an essential part of gaining access to natural resources, local skills and labor. Afforestation and reforestation activities and programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), including sustainable forest management (SFM) and forest restoration, seek to increase forest carbon sequestration, and their success or failure will rely in many respects on the effective cooperation of forest dependent people. These developments are giving partnerships and benefit-sharing arrangements between local and outside partners greater prominence than they have generally had in the past. The significance of these collaborative arrangements is increasing whether the local partner is a community, a user or producer association, or a group of individual landholders, and whether the outside partner is a private firm, a government agency, or a nongovernmental or civil society organization. The arrangements vary widely in purpose as well for the respective partners. Local partners may be interested in employment and income generating opportunities, in the security of their access to forest land, in the protection of resources that have traditional or other values, or in capitalizing on small business opportunities. Outside partners may be interested in gaining and securing access to forest products, in obtaining the cooperation of local communities in how forest resources are used, in alleviating rural poverty, or in managing risks and ensuring the provision of environmental services.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing the Investment Climate for Rural Enterprises (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554602
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 25
    Content: The 2008 World Development Report identifies competition as an important variable of the rural investment climate. Competition triggers innovation and the productivity gains that drive economic growth, and with it the creation of jobs. Employment is generally the principal pathway that people have out of poverty. Fostering such competitive environments entails inducing the entry of local, mainly small-and-medium enterprises as well as the development of agribusinesses that enable small farmers, entrepreneurs, and investors to participate in expanding markets. The barriers to entry confronting prospective small rural enterprises include all the risks and costs and market failures characteristic of many rural economies, in addition to poor access to financial and public services, weak business skills, and extremely limited or non-existent information about what demand consists of in the non-local markets they hope to sell to. Improving the opportunities and incentives for rural firms to invest productively, expand, and bring on new workers should be a policy priority for governments, particularly given the prominence of policy, regulations, and enforcement in rural investors' perception of risk. Providing a sound, enabling policy environment is a vital role of the government and public sector and includes setting food quality and safety grades and standards and reliable contract enforcement. Such stable policy environments go very far in relieving investors' uncertainty over what governments will do next, what policies will be formulated, and how policies and regulations will be interpreted and enforced. This is a pressing concern among investors. Making policy formulation and enforcement more predictable can dramatically encourage investment (World Bank 2005).
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building Infrastructure and Social Capital in Rural Egypt (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_79755503X
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 24
    Content: Disparity in growth rates between Upper and Lower Egypt has been dramatic. While national per capita income averaged 3 percent growth annually beginning in the mid 1990s, and growth rates in metropolitan areas approached 8 percent -- Upper Egypt experienced negative per capita growth rates during the same period. By 2001, Upper Egypt accounted for 37 percent of the country's population, but 65 percent of the population lived below the poverty line. Yet rural development programs under similar conditions throughout Egypt recently experienced some significant successes. The most notable success was a participatory approach to rural development planning introduced in the framework of the 1994 National Program for Integrated Rural Development -- known as Shorouk or Sunrise.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Services for Developing Small-Scale Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554432
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 41
    Content: Food insecurity and income poverty are rampant in Sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-one percent of children under the age of five are malnourished and some 72 percent of the population lives on less than US$2 day. Forty-one percent lives on less than US$1 day. The impoverished and hungry are concentrated disproportionately in rural areas and rely mainly on the consumption and sale of agricultural produce for their food and income. Africa has experienced increasing dependency on food imports that its countries cannot afford. Yet an estimated 700,000 hectares of arable land in Africa remains uncultivated. It is land that could become productive through small-scale irrigation using basic technology to draw on small-water resources, such as tube wells, and dambos. The technologies can be applied to cultivate smallholder plots of up to five hectares. Employing them will enable up to 4 million low-income households to intensify agricultural production and increase productivity. Small-scale irrigation can increase agricultural productivity and production, thus contributing to economic growth in rural areas and increased well-being among small holder farmers. Its potential to increase and stabilize food supply is especially important in light of the ongoing food crisis, and especially in Africa. Expanding the use of small-scale irrigation requires farmers to have access to financial services. The many constraints and obstacles that rural financial institutions in Africa confront must be purposefully navigated if financial services are to fulfill this role. Effectively tailoring financial services and products to support irrigation in different settings and among different client groups will be essential to success. Carefully targeting grant funding to the very poorest subsistence farmers and clearly separating it from lending will be likewise be critical to the sustainability of these financial services.
    Language: English
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Returning Young Mexican Farmers to the Land (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797555056
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 23
    Content: This note recounts that by the early 2000s, the Government of Mexico and the Secretariat of Agrarian Reform, in particular, had come to see investment in "the more dynamic young segment of the population endowed with more human capital" as the key to revitalizing the moribund rural economy of the country's social sector. Approaching this objective programmatically would entail establishing a land fund from which to lend to young farmers, and creating effective incentives for older landholders to transfer their land. Careful analysis would be required, including examination of social welfare schemes, to assure that senior landholders who transfer their land to younger counterparts could do so without relinquishing their security. By 2006, the program had been deemed a success and had become an example for all of Mexico.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowerment and Poverty Reduction through Infrastructure and Service Provision in Rural Pakistan (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554033
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 52
    Content: Poverty in Pakistan is overwhelmingly rural. Some two-thirds of Pakistan's population, and over 60 percent of the country's poor, live in rural areas. In 2005, average per capita expenditures in rural areas were 31 percent lower than in urban areas. This inequality between urban and rural areas is re-enforced by inequality within and between rural areas. Owing to uneven access to land and useable water, most of the increased income that results from agricultural production accrues to higher income farmers-who typically spend a disproportionate amount of their income on urban goods and services. This inequality seriously limits the impacts of agricultural growth on rural poverty, and is a major cause of sustained poverty and low productivity among small farmers and rural nonfarm households. It also points to the importance of effectively targeting the poor in contexts in which resources intended for them are likely to be captured by more privileged groups.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Awakening Africa???s Sleeping Giant : Prospects for Commercial Agriculture in the Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554335
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 48
    Content: Stimulating agricultural growth is critical to reducing poverty in Africa. Commercial agriculture, potentially a powerful driver of agricultural growth, can develop along a number of pathways. Yet many developing regions have failed to progress very far along any of these pathways. Particularly in Africa, agriculture continues to lag. During the past 30 years the competitiveness of many African export crops has declined, and Africa's dependence on imported food crops has increased. While the poor performance of African agriculture can be attributed partly to adverse agroecological conditions, experience from elsewhere in the developing world suggests that significant progress is possible. The Guinea Savannah covers some 600 million hectares in Africa, of which about 400 million can be used for agriculture. Less than ten percent of this area is currently cropped, making it one of the largest underused agricultural land reserves in the world.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Innovating to Reduce Risk : The Case of Livestock Insurance in Mongolia (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554971
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 27
    Content: The Mongolia Index Based Livestock Insurance Project (P088816) is piloting insurance plans in three provinces, Bayankhongor, Uvs, and Khenti. It consists of five components. The first provides the mechanism to pilot two index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) products. The second component of the project entails a variety of targeted promotional and public awareness activities to foster awareness and inform stakeholders about the details of the two products and the IBLI pilot. The third component supports the institutional framework and capacity necessary to expand the availability of the insurance products once the viability of IBLI instruments has been established. The fourth component monitors a variety of stakeholders during the IBLI pilot in tracking access by different social groups, monitoring how the two products are received, and in determining whether herders modify their behavior in response and, if so, how their behavior changes. The project's fifth component supports the project implementation unit in its management functions. The lessons learned also suggest themselves as potentially replicable by other project teams, and as warranting the attention of other governments that seek to manage the risks faced by livestock-dependent communities.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking Results in Agriculture and Rural Development in Less-Than-Ideal Conditions : A Sourcebook of Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797554378
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 46
    Content: The demand for verifiable evidence of results and impacts of development agricultural programs and projects is growing. However, most of the indicators that development practitioners have traditionally used in tracking progress toward achieving projects' objectives focus on the workings of the development operation itself. These performance indicators relate mainly to lower-level inputs and outputs and are used to populate management information systems. Higher-level indicators are used to measure progress in achieving the ultimate objectives of projects, and in bringing about larger outcomes and impacts. The ability to measure and demonstrate outcomes and impacts relies on the use of indicators that are based on reliable data and on the capacity to systematically collect and analyze that information. The conditions in which monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are carried out vary widely, depending on the demand for information, the extent to which it is used to inform decision-making, and the reliability of the systems that are in place to capture and convey that information. Throughout much of the developing world these conditions are "less-than-ideal," and information is irregular and often lacking altogether. In these conditions there is a lack of effective demand for information on the part of policy makers. The conditions are often especially pronounced for data related to rural areas, where the costs of data collection are high and the quality of existing data is particularly low. Building data systems and developing and supporting capacity for M&E in these conditions is, therefore, a pressing imperative for interventions in the agriculture and rural development sector. Strengthening capacity for M&E begins at the national and sub-national levels, where addressing the weaknesses of national statistical systems is a common priority. The data collected and reported within countries must not only be of sufficient quality to inform planning and policy formulation but must also be consistent between countries.
    Language: English
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Innovation Funds (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797553932
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Agricultural and Rural Development Notes 55
    Content: In order for agricultural development to fulfill its potential role as a source of growth and reducer of poverty, it must be constantly renewed through knowledge and innovation. Getting resources into the hands of innovators and providing incentives for producers, agricultural service providers, and entrepreneurs to collaborate in developing and applying new methods and technologies is a priority among institutions concerned with agricultural knowledge. While grants have long been used to finance agricultural innovation, in many countries there has been a shift away from block grant funding and towards the use of innovation funds. These are used to provide incentives and resources for investment and collaboration between innovators, producer groups, private entrepreneurs, and public institutions. Innovation funds allocate grants to targeted applicants based on a system for evaluating the eligibility, relevance, and quality of applicants' proposals.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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