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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    London [u.a.] : British Inst. in Eastern Africa
    UID:
    b3kat_BV011231858
    Format: XVI, 458 S. , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 187256609X
    Series Statement: British Institute in Eastern Africa 〈Nairobi〉: Memoir 14
    Language: English
    Subjects: History
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Shanga ; Ausgrabung
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_514086629
    Format: V, 46 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 1589064585
    Series Statement: Occasional paper / International Monetary Fund 246
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 44
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_845946552
    Format: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1589064585 , 9781589064584
    Series Statement: Occasional Papers Occasional Paper No. 246
    Content: When policymakers have little option but to consider a sizable fiscal adjustment, they are confronted by the following questions: Can a large fiscal adjustment be implemented succesfully? How is a large adjustment best designed and implemented? What will be its impact on the economy? This Occasional Paper addresses these questions by describing the experience of countries that have undertaken large fiscal adjustments in the last three decades. It provides operational guidance to policymakers by identifying preconditions, common policy approaches, and institutional arrangements underlying successful and unsuccessful adjustment episodes
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (IMF e-Library)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_845826247
    Format: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451936559 , 9781451936551
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 96/126
    Content: Russia, the Baltic states and the other countries of the former Soviet Union inherited health and education systems that were in need of substantial structural and financial reform. In spite of a sharp decline of real resources, this reform has barely begun. While health and education have not suffered disproportionate cuts, employment has been maintained, with real wages sharply compressed, purchases of materials reduced and energy-related spending taking a greater share of resources in many countries. Structural and financial reform would include reducing staffing and physical capacity, while increasing expenditures for materials and wages for the more highly qualified
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (IMF e-Library)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_845891332
    Format: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1462359620 , 9781462359622
    Series Statement: Technical Notes and Manuals Technical Notes and Manuals No. 2009/05
    Content: This technical note focuses on computing cyclically adjusted balances and automatic stabilizers. The note provides guidance on how to decompose overall fiscal balances into cyclical and cyclically adjusted components, and how to interpret automatic fiscal stabilizers. These indicators are commonly used to assess how fiscal policy responds to macroeconomic conditions. Various approaches to cyclical adjustment and estimation of the automatic stabilizers are possible. This note focuses on the approach used by the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department in the paper on the State of Public Finances and in the Fiscal Monitor
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (IMF e-Library)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845897098
    Format: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1455257273 , 9781455257270
    Series Statement: IMF Staff Position Notes Staff Position Note No. 2009/21
    Content: This paper presents sharp increase in government debt has complicated the management of preexisting challenges from population aging, especially in advanced economies. The increase in debt ratios projected for these economies is the largest since World War II. The increase in deficits and debt raises complicated tradeoffs. Policymakers will need to balance two competing risks: on the one hand, a too hasty withdrawal of fiscal stimulus would risk nipping a recovery in the bud; on the other hand, with a delayed withdrawal investor concerns about sustainability may increase, leading to higher interest rates on government paper, undermining the recovery and increasing risks of a snowballing of debt. Regardless of the timing of adjustment, its necessary scale will be quite large, particularly for high-debt advanced economies. Preserving investor confidence in government solvency is key to avoiding an increase in interest rates, thereby not only preventing snowballing debt dynamics, but also ensuring that the fiscal stimulus is effective
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (IMF e-Library)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1877794228
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9781803275680
    Content: Berkeley Castle Tales presents the outcomes of the 15-year-long University of Bristol excavations and landscape research at the Berkeley Castle estate in South Gloucestershire. The project, which in 2016 won the prestigious Current Archaeology award for the Archaeology Project of the Year, aimed at writing, through material culture and extensive archival and geophysical research, the narrative behind the construction of Berkeley Castle, the corresponding town, and the area of the Severn valley that overlooks the borders with Wales. By combining the results of archaeological fieldwork with information contained in the castle's impressive collection of 20,000 historical documents, the project adds greatly to our knowledge and understanding of the early medieval period and the subsequent changes in landscape and society that occurred with the coming of the Normans, with the erection of a castle on the former minster site. Throughout the publication the advances that the Berkeley Castle project offered to archaeological practice, to excavation and geophysics methodology, and to the community and public archaeology are evident, since the editors intend the volume to be a milestone not only for the study of a castle landscape but also for archaeological method and practice
    Note: English
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1838801987
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Series Statement: Departmental Papers
    Content: Since late 2014, exchange rates (ERs) and ER regimes of the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) countries have come under strong pressure. This reflects the decline of oil and other commodity prices, weaker growth in Russia and China, depreciation of the Russian ruble, and appreciation of the U.S. dollar, to which CCA currencies have historically been linked. Weaker fiscal and current account balances and increased dollarization have complicated the picture. CCA countries entered this period with closely managed ER regimes and, in many cases, currencies assessed by IMF staff to be overvalued. CCA central banks have price stability as their main policy objective, and most have relied on ER stability to achieve this objective. Thus, the first policy response involved intervention in local foreign exchange (FX) markets, often with limited communication. In this context, the IMF staff has reviewed ER policy advice and implementation strategies for CCA countries
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Horton, Mark Exchange Rate Developments and Policies in the Caucasus and Central Asia Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2021 ISBN 9781513543031
    Language: English
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