Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: XI, 466 S , graph. Darst , 8°

ISBN: 0805827706

Note: Literaturangaben

Language: English

Subjects: Psychology

Keywords: Einstellung ; Einfluss ; Psychologie ; Bibliografie ; Aufsatzsammlung

URL: Verlagsangaben

UID:

Format: xiv, 232 Seiten.

ISBN: 978-1-62616-680-6

Content: The United States is losing the counterintelligence war. Foreign intelligence services, particularly those of China, Russia, and Cuba, are recruiting spies in our midst and stealing our secrets and cutting-edge technologies. In To Catch a Spy: The Art of Counterintelligence, James M. Olson, former chief of CIA counterintelligence, offers a wake-up call for the American public and also a guide for how our country can do a better job of protecting its national security secrets. Olson takes the reader into the arcane world of counterintelligence as he lived it during his thirty-year career in the CIA. After an overview of what the Chinese, Russian, and Cuban spy services are doing to the United States, Olson gives a masterclass on the principles and practice of counterintelligence. Readers will learn his ten commandments of counterintelligence and about specific aspects such as running double-agent operations and surveillance. The book also analyzes twelve actual case studies in order to illustrate why people spy against their country, the tradecraft of intelligence, and where counterintelligence breaks down or succeeds. A "lessons learned" section follows each case study, and the book also includes an appendix of recommended further reading. This book will fascinate anyone with an interest in the real world of espionage

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Olson, James M., 1941- author To catch a spy Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press, 2019 ISBN 9781626166813

Language: English

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (348 p.)

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-805117-5 , 0-12-804738-0

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ; Volume 54

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Strategic Thinking -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Definition and Scope -- 1.2. Epistemological Challenges -- 1.3. Coping with Epistemological Challenges -- 1.4. The Allure of Games -- 1.5. An Organizing Framework: The QUEST Model -- 2. Thinking About the Players -- 2.1. Self-Focused Attention -- 2.2. Identifying the Players: Who Really Counts? -- 2.3. Mind-Reading Processes -- 3. Thinking About the Options -- 3.1. Generating Options -- 3.2. Evaluating Options -- 3.3. Iterated Reasoning -- 4. Thinking About the Outcomes -- 4.1. Attention to Outcomes -- 4.2. Misrepresenting and Transforming Outcomes -- 4.3. Conflict Templates -- 4.3.1. Conflict Templates in Intergroup Conflict -- 5. Putting the Pieces Together -- 5.1. Thinking About Other Rules of the Game -- 5.2. Changing the Game -- 5.3. Open Research Questions -- 5.3.1. What Makes Individuals Perceive a Situation as a Strategic Interaction? -- 5.3.2. What Are the Costs and Benefits of Strategic Thinking? -- 5.4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Two: Strength Model of Self-Regulation as Limited Resource: Assessment, Controversies, Update -- 1. Ego Depletion and Self-Regulation Theory -- 1.1. Definitions -- 1.2. Gist of Original Strength Model -- 1.3. Updated Version of Strength Theory -- 2. Summary of Main Findings and Phenomena -- 2.1. Basic Ego Depletion Effects -- 2.2. What Else Depletes? -- 2.3. Conservation -- 2.4. Increasing Strength -- 2.5. Glucose Dynamics -- 2.6. Overcoming Depletion -- 2.7. Mild vs Severe Depletion -- 2.8. Physiological Processes and Stress -- 2.9. Subjective Feelings -- 2.10. Positive Effects of Depletion -- 3. Theoretical Challenges and Competing Models -- 3.1. Resource Allocation -- 3.1.1. Evidence -- 3.1.2. Compatibility. , 3.1.3. Conclusion -- 3.2. Implicit Fulfilled Contract -- 3.2.1. Compatibility -- 3.2.2. Evidence -- 3.3. Motivation and Attention -- 3.3.1. Compatibility -- 3.3.2. Evidence -- 3.3.3. Conclusion -- 3.4. Other Motivational Accounts -- 3.5. ``All in Your Head´´ Beliefs -- 3.5.1. Compatibility -- 3.5.2. Evidence -- 3.5.3. Conclusion -- 3.6. Perceived Depletion -- 3.7. Mere Taste of Glucose -- 3.8. Expressing the Self -- 4. Conclusions -- 4.1. Future Directions -- 4.2. Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter Three: Dominance and Prestige: Dual Strategies for Navigating Social Hierarchies -- 1. Dominance and Prestige as Evolved Strategies for Navigating Social Hierarchies -- 1.1. Social Hierarchies in Evolutionary Perspective -- 1.2. The Motivational Psychology of Social Rank -- 1.3. Dominance -- 1.4. Prestige -- 1.5. Summary -- 2. When Leaders Selfishly Sacrifice Group Goals -- 2.1. Primary Hypotheses -- 2.1.1. Dominance Hypothesis -- 2.1.2. Prestige Hypothesis -- 2.1.3. Instability Hypothesis -- 2.2. Tactics Dominant Leaders Use to Protect Their Social Rank -- 2.2.1. Demotion and Ostracism -- 2.2.2. Hoarding Information -- 2.2.3. Vigilance and Control -- 2.2.4. Preventing Subordinates from Bonding -- 2.2.5. Misaligning Subordinate Skills and Group Roles -- 2.2.6. Risk Aversion -- 2.3. From Me vs You to Us vs Them -- 2.4. Summary -- 3. Dual-Strategies Theory: Future Directions and Implications for the Social Psychology of Hierarchy -- 3.1. Identifying Additional Facets of Dominance and Prestige -- 3.2. Additional Moderating Variables -- 3.3. The Pitfalls of Prestige -- 3.4. Rising Through the Ranks -- 3.5. The Psychology of Followership -- 3.6. Sex Differences -- 3.7. Intersections Between Dominance and Prestige and the Broader Social Psychological Literature on Hierarchy -- 4. Conclusion -- References. , Chapter Four: Understanding Resilience: From Negative Life Events to Everyday Stressors -- 1. Resilience and Social Psychology? -- 2. Resilience from Adversity? -- 2.1. Initial Evidence -- 2.2. Chasing Resilience -- 2.3. Into the Lab -- 2.4. A Place for Experimentation -- 3. A Novel Measure of Resilience in the Moment -- 3.1. BPSC/T: Psychological States -- 3.2. BPSC/T: Physiological Responses -- 3.3. The Meaning of Resilience in Motivated Performance -- 3.4. Adversity and Challenge/Threat -- 4. Other Tools of Resilience -- 4.1. Self-Esteem -- 4.2. Religious Beliefs -- 4.3. Thinking Differently -- 5. Domains of Resilience -- 5.1. Romantic Relationships -- 5.2. Stigma and Prejudice -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Five: Highlighting the Contextual Nature of Interpersonal Relationships -- 1. The Contextual Nature of Key Interpersonal Processes -- 1.1. The Contextual Nature of Interpersonal Behavior -- 1.1.1. Problem Severity -- 1.1.2. Problem Frequency -- 1.1.3. Direct vs Indirect Opposition -- 1.1.4. Controllability -- 1.1.5. Partner Motivation -- 1.1.6. Validating Behaviors -- 1.1.7. Summary -- 1.2. The Contextual Nature of Interpersonal Cognition -- 1.2.1. Interpersonal Expectations -- 1.2.2. Interpersonal Standards -- 1.2.3. Interpersonal Biases, Illusions, and Idealizations -- 1.2.4. Interpersonal Attributions -- 1.2.5. Summary -- 2. The Contextual Nature of the Proximal Intrapersonal Predictors of Interpersonal Behavior and Cognition -- 2.1. Emotions -- 2.2. Hormones -- 2.2.1. Summary -- 3. The Contextual Nature of Distal Factors -- 3.1. Attachment Security -- 3.2. Self-Esteem -- 3.3. Neuroticism -- 3.4. Summary -- 4. Classifying the Contextual Factors -- 4.1. Individual Qualities -- 4.2. Partner Qualities -- 4.3. Relationship Qualities -- 4.4. Stress and External Factors -- 4.5. Summary -- 5. Moving Forward. , 5.1. Conceptual Considerations: The Benefits of Properly Calibrated Psychological Flexibility -- 5.2. Design and Measurement Considerations: The Need for Within-Person Measures, Longitudinal Designs, and Heterogeneous ... -- 5.3. Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Back Cover.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (325 pages) : , illustrations, tables.

ISBN: 0-12-812116-5

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ; Volume 55

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Intergroup Perception and Cognition: An Integrative Framework for Understanding the Causes and Consequences ... -- 1. Person Construal -- 1.1. Perceiving Persons and Groups From the "Bottom-Up" -- 1.1.1. Basic Processes in Face Perception: Cognitive Processes, Neural Structures, and Intergroup Effects -- 1.1.2. Configural Face Processing and Intergroup Relations -- 1.1.2.1. Perceptual Dehumanization -- 1.1.2.2. Perceptually Unambiguous Categories Are Distinguished Early and Easily From Faces -- 1.1.2.3. Social Categorization of "Concealable" Categories From Perceptual Cues -- 1.1.2.4. Social Categorization From Bodily Cues -- 1.1.2.5. Mutually Constrained Categories: Shared Perceptual Cues Can Influence Categorization -- 1.2. Perceiving Persons and Groups From the "Top-Down" -- 1.2.1. Group-Based Influences on Visual Processing -- 1.2.2. Novel Group Effects on Face Encoding Processes -- 1.2.3. Top-Down Effects on Body Perception -- 1.2.4. Top-Down Influences on Face Categorization and Memory -- 2. Persons Construed -- 2.1. Activation of Category-Based Knowledge -- 2.1.1. Implicit Identification: Associations Between the Self and Social Categories -- 2.1.2. Implicit Stereotypes: Associations Between Specific Characteristics and Social Categories -- 2.1.3. Implicit Prejudice: Associations Between Evaluations and Social Categories -- 2.1.4. Relations Between Implicit Identification, Stereotyping, and Prejudice -- 2.2. Downstream Consequences of the Activation of Category-Based Knowledge -- 2.2.1. Emotion Identification -- 2.2.2. Caring About Outgroups -- 2.2.3. Intergroup Behaviors -- 2.3. Strategies to Reduce the Activation of Category-Based Knowledge and Biased Behavior -- 2.3.1. Increasing Implicit Identification. , 2.3.2. Changing Implicit Stereotypes -- 2.3.3. Decreasing Implicit Prejudice -- 2.3.4. The Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Strategies Targeting Implicit Bias -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Two: Self-Distancing: Theory, Research, and Current Directions -- 1. The Self-Reflection Puzzle -- 2. Self-Distancing: A Tool to Promote Adaptive Self-Reflection -- 2.1. Background -- 2.2. Conceptual Framework -- 3. Making Meaning From Afar -- 3.1. Paradigm Overview -- 3.2. Experimental Results -- 3.3. Spontaneous Self-Distancing -- 3.4. Behavioral Implications -- 3.5. From Adults to Children -- 3.6. Clinical Generalizability -- 3.6.1. Dysphoria and Major Depressive Disorder -- 3.6.2. Bipolar Disorder -- 3.6.3. Coping With Trauma -- 3.7. Implications for Physical Health -- 3.8. Neural Correlates -- 3.9. From the Past to the Future -- 3.10. Summary -- 4. Self-Talk -- 4.1. Initial Studies -- 4.2. Implications for Emotion Regulation -- 4.3. Challenge vs Threat Construals -- 4.4. From the Lab to Daily Life -- 4.5. An Effortless Form of Self-Control? -- 4.6. Clinical Implications -- 4.7. Converging Evidence -- 4.8. Summary -- 5. Mental Time Travel -- 5.1. Experimental Evidence -- 5.2. Individual Differences -- 5.3. Converging Evidence -- 5.4. Summary -- 6. Self-Distancing Training -- 6.1. Laboratory Training Intervention -- 6.2. Online Training Intervention -- 6.3. Converging Evidence -- 6.4. Summary -- 7. New Extensions -- 7.1. Wise Reasoning -- 7.2. A Common Ingredient Underlying Successful Cognitive Interventions? -- 7.3. Intergroup Relationships -- 7.4. Social Support -- 7.5. Summary -- 8. Concluding Thoughts -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Three: Essentially Biased: Why People Are Fatalistic About Genes -- 1. Psychological Essentialism -- 1.1. Genetic Essentialism -- 1.2. Are These Biases Irrational?. , 1.3. Genetic Essentialism Is Widespread and Distorts People´s Understanding -- 2. The Impact of Genetic Attributions on People´s Perceptions -- 2.1. Sex and Gender -- 2.2. Sexual Orientation -- 2.3. Health -- 2.4. Race and Ancestry -- 2.5. Criminality -- 2.6. Political Orientation -- 2.7. Essences and Eugenics -- 2.8. Genetic Engineering -- 3. Perniciousness of Genetic Essentialism -- 3.1. Short-Term Efforts to Reduce Genetic Essentialism -- 3.2. Long-Term Efforts -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Four: The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Dynamics of Self-Regulation in the Leadership Process -- 1. A Selective History of Leadership Research -- 2. Leaders' Intrapersonal Dynamics: Leadership Behavior as Goal-Pursuit -- 2.1. Linking Leaders' Regulatory Focus to Transactional and Transformational Leadership Behaviors -- 2.1.1. Promotion Focus and Transformational Leadership Behavior -- 2.1.2. Prevention Focus and Transactional Leadership Behavior -- 2.1.3. Hypotheses: Regulatory Focus and Leadership Behavior -- 2.1.4. Empirical Evidence -- 2.1.5. Summary and Discussion: Regulatory Focus as Predictor of Leadership Behavior -- 2.2. Linking Leaders' Regulatory Mode and Need for Cognitive Closure to Leadership Behavior -- 3. The Interpersonal Dynamics: Leadership as Social Influence -- 3.1. Leadership Behavior and Followers' Self-Regulation Strategies -- 3.2. Regulatory Fit Between Leader and Follower -- 3.3. The Case of Regulatory Focus, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership Behaviors -- 3.3.1. Empirical Evidence -- 3.3.2. Summary and Discussion -- 3.4. Leaders' Influence on Followers Depends on Regulatory Mode and Need for Cognitive Closure -- 4. Discussion and Conclusion -- 4.1. Summary of SMLB and Its Application to Regulatory Focus -- 4.2. The Application of the SMLB Beyond Regulatory Focus -- 4.3. Avenues for Future Research. , 4.4. The Relation Between the SMLB and the Conclusions in the Historic Overview -- 4.5. Contributions to and Implications for Leadership Research -- 4.6. Contributions to Self-Regulation Research -- 4.7. Implications for Organizations -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter Five: Sex Differences in Jealousy: A 25-Year Retrospective -- 1. The Theory of Evolved Sex Differences in Jealousy -- 2. Confounding Sex Differences in the Interpretation of Questions -- 3. Psychometric Utility of the Question -- 4. Do Actual Experiences Mirror Imagined Reactions? -- 5. Is Automaticity Relevant? -- 6. Physiological Manifestations -- 7. Meta-Analyses -- 8. Sexual Orientation and the Sex Difference in Jealousy -- 9. Other Moderators of the Sex Difference in Jealousy -- 10. Where the Debate Stands -- 11. Looking Toward the Future -- 12. Coda -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-812115-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (300 pages) : , illustrations.

ISBN: 0-12-814690-7 , 0-12-814689-3

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ; Volume 57

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Contextualized Attitude Change -- 1. The Representational Theory of Contextualized Attitude Change -- 1.1. Contextual Renewal -- 1.2. Attention to Context -- 1.3. Mere Attention or Causal Attribution? -- 2. Mental Representation of Contextualized Attitudes -- 2.1. Constrained vs Direct Activation of Valence -- 2.2. Abstract vs Specific Representation of Evaluative Information -- 3. Pertinent Questions -- 3.1. Is There Evidence for Valence Asymmetries? -- 3.2. Which Context Features Determine the Activation of Contextualized Representations? -- 3.3. Are There Individual Differences? -- 3.4. Are There Cultural Differences? -- 4. Theoretical Challenges -- 5. Future Directions -- 5.1. Spontaneous vs Deliberate Evaluations -- 5.2. Associative vs Propositional Learning -- 5.3. From Social to Nonsocial Objects -- 6. Implications -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Two: Unpacking the Inequality Paradox: The Psychological Roots of Inequality and Social Class -- 1. Psychological Conceptions of Social Hierarchy, Power, and Class -- 2. Empirical Traditions in the Study of Hierarchy Maintenance -- 3. An Inequality Maintenance Model of Social Class -- 4. The Structural Barriers That Define Social Class -- 4.1. Hypothesis I: Social Institutions Produce Threat Orientations Among Lower-Class Individuals That Inhibit Achievement ... -- 4.2. Hypothesis II: Lower-Class Environments Create Scarcity Mindsets That Impair Social and Economic Aspirations -- 4.3. Hypothesis III: Upper-Class Environments Produce Cumulative (Dis)Advantage Through Access to Valued Social Networks ... -- 5. Perceptual Processes of Inequality Maintenance -- 5.1. Hypothesis IV: Social Class Is Signaled and Accurately Perceived During the Early Stages of Social Perception. , 5.2. Hypothesis V: Social Class Signaling Activates Stereotypes and Patterns of Social Distancing That Perpetuate Economi ... -- 6. Ideologies of Merit Reinforce Economic Inequality -- 6.1. Hypothesis VI: Structural Class Divisions Create Economic Inequality Blindness -- 6.2. Hypothesis VII: Higher Social Class Is Accompanied by Ideological Beliefs of Economic, Personal, and Social Deservin ... -- 6.3. Hypothesis VIII: Ideologies of Merit and Inequality in Political Participation Exacerbate Economic Inequality -- 7. Moral-Relational Paths to Economic Inequality -- 7.1. Hypothesis IX: Higher Social Class Curbs Compassion and Heightens Self-Interest in Ways That Exacerbate Inequality -- 7.2. Hypothesis X: Class Differences in Power Seeking Reinforce Class Hierarchies -- 8. Class-Based Identities and Conflict Maintain Economic Inequality -- 8.1. Hypothesis XI: Social Class Group Identities Create Barriers to Affiliation That Constrain Lower-Class Advancement -- 8.2. Hypothesis XII: Cross-Class Interactions Elicit the Upward Flow of Resources -- 8.3. Hypothesis XIII: Cross-Class Interactions Heighten the Likelihood of Class Conflict -- 9. Future Directions: Envisioning a Fairer Society -- 9.1. Fostering Equality by Reducing Structural Barriers of Threat, Scarcity, and Access to Valued Networks -- 9.2. Combating Ideologies of Merit to Foster Increased Equality -- 9.3. Moral and Relational Roots of Equality -- 9.4. Contending With Group-Based Processes That Perpetuate the Class Divide -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Three: Attitudes Towards Science -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Cognitive Constraints to Science Understanding -- 1.2. Beyond Cognitive Constraints: Ideology, Motivation, and Morality -- 2. Ideology: Relations of Religious and Political Beliefs to Science Attitudes -- 2.1. Religion and Politics: The Heterogeneity of Science Skepticism. , 2.2. Science and/or Religion -- 2.3. Agendas and Conspiracies -- 2.3.1. Biased Agendas -- 2.3.2. Conspiracy Theories -- 3. Motivation: Psychological Needs Underlying Belief in Science -- 3.1. Psychological Functions of Science -- 3.1.1. Can Science Provide Order and Control? -- 3.1.2. Can Science Provide Existential Meaning? -- 3.2. Psychological Functions of Belief in Progress -- 4. Morality: The (Perceived) Right and Wrong of Science and Scientists -- 4.1. Moral Concerns About Science -- 4.2. Concerns About the Morality of Scientists -- 5. Moving Forward: Open Science and Reaching Out to the Public -- 5.1. Crisis of Faith and Open Science -- 5.2. Accessibility and Popularization of Science -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Four: Consequences of Thought Speed -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The Idea of Thought Speed -- 1.2. Outline for Chapter -- 2. Thought Speed Affects Mood and Emotion -- 2.1. Manic Thinking: An Initial Demonstration -- 2.2. The Speed-Mood Link -- 2.2.1. Induction of Thought Speed Through Paced External Stimuli -- 2.2.2. Instructional and Self-generated Speed Inductions -- 3. More Consequences of Thought Speed -- 3.1. Fast Thinking Increases Risk-Taking -- 3.2. Fast Thinking Increases Purchasing Interest -- 3.3. Fast Thinking Enhances Creative Insight -- 3.4. Fast Thinking Elevates Self-esteem -- 3.5. Fast Thinking Is Arousing -- 4. Thought Speed and Related Constructs -- 4.1. Speed and Fluency -- 4.2. Speed and Dual Process Theories of Thinking -- 4.3. Speed and Mental Progression -- 5. How Thought Speed Works -- 5.1. The Basic Idea -- 5.2. Dopamine -- 5.3. Embodiment and Entrainment -- 6. Thought Speed and Treatment for Depression -- 6.1. Direct Experimental Tests -- 6.2. Bipolar Disorder -- 7. Methods of Manipulating Thought Speed -- 7.1. Rapidly Presented Stimuli -- 7.2. Speed-Inducing Cognitive Activities. , 7.3. Musical Tempo -- 7.4. Pharmacological and Physiological Alterations -- 7.5. Time Perception -- 8. Some Future Directions for Thought-Speed Research -- 8.1. Thought Speed and Psychophysiology -- 8.2. Thought Speed and Cognition -- 8.3. Thought Speed and Communication -- 9. Conclusion: Thought Speed in the Modern World -- References -- Chapter Five: What Makes Moral Disgust Special? An Integrative Functional Review -- 1. What Makes Moral Disgust Special? -- 2. Questions of Measurement and Definition -- 2.1. Disgust as a Distinct Emotion -- 2.2. Disgust as a Coherent or Diverse Emotion -- 3. The Appraisal Function -- 3.1. The Moral Element in Appraisals of Disgust and Anger -- 3.2. Moral Anger and Disgust Appraisals in Individual Difference Studies -- 3.3. Appraisals of Moral Anger and Disgust: The Bodily Moral Hypothesis -- 3.4. Appraisals in Elicitation Studies: Evidence From the Neurology and Physiology of Disgust -- 3.5. Appraisals in Elicitation Studies: The Sociomoral Character Hypothesis -- 4. The Associative Function -- 4.1. Associations to Disgust: Evidence From Incidental Disgust Manipulations -- 4.2. Association vs Appraisal: Evidence From the Cognitive Characteristics of Disgust -- 5. The Self-regulation Function -- 6. The Communication Function -- 6.1. Disgust as Moral Signal -- 6.2. Avoiding Moral "Contamination" for Reputation Management -- 7. Conclusion: Moral Disgust and Its Diverse Functions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Back Cover.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (302 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-815509-4 , 0-12-815081-5

Note: Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Chapter One: Intergroup Emotions Theory: Production, Regulation, and Modification of Group-Based Emotions -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production of Intergroup Emotions -- 3 Consequences of Intergroup Emotions -- 4 The Regulation of Intergroup Emotions -- 5 Implications of Intergroup Emotions for Interventions -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter Two: The Agentic-Communal Model of Advantage and Disadvantage: How Inequality Produces Similarities in the Psychology of Power, Social Class, Gender, and Race -- Abstract -- 1 The ROAD of Advantage and Disadvantage: The Four Fundamental Inequalities in Social Hierarchy -- 2 The Sense of Advantage and Disadvantage -- 3 Agency and Communion as Fundamental Human Orientations -- 4 The Agentic-Communal Model of Advantage and Disadvantage -- 5 Prior Theory Supportive of the Model -- 6 Evidence Consistent With the Model -- 7 Evidence Inconsistent With the Model -- 8 Toward a Generative Research Agenda -- 9 Conclusion and a Call to Research Action -- Chapter Three: Loneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL) -- Abstract -- 1 Background, Measurement, and Prevalence of Loneliness -- 2 The Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness -- 3 Theoretical Pathways Linking Loneliness to Mortality in the Modern World -- 4 Discussion and Critical Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter Four: Attentional Processes in Social Perception -- Abstract -- 1 What Is Attention Theory? -- 2 Stereotyping and Group Categorization -- 3 Context-Based Impression Formation -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter Five: Assessment and Locomotion Conjunction: How Looking Complements Leaping … But Not Always -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regulatory Mode Theory -- 3 Empirical Evidence. , 4 Moderating the Effects of Regulatory Mode Conjunction and Complementarity -- 5 General Discussion -- 6 Practical Implications -- 7 Future Directions -- 8 Concluding Comment.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (288 pages)

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-812171-8 , 0-12-812120-3

Note: Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Chapter One: The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking: New Evidence, New Challenges, New Insights -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Statement of the Theory -- 3 Core Evidence -- 4 Challenges to the Theory -- 5 New Evidence From Other Disciplines of Psychology -- 6 Synthesis and Revised Theory -- 7 Coda -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter Two: Stereotype Threat and Learning -- Abstract -- 1 Stereotype Threat and Performance: The Process -- 2 The Integrated Process Model -- 3 Stereotype Threat and Executive Functions -- 4 Stereotype Threat and Procedural Tasks -- 5 Stereotype Threat Spillover Effects -- 6 Visual Search -- 7 Seeking Feedback When Experiencing Stereotype Threat -- 8 How Feedback Is Perceived When Stereotypic Expectations Are Salient -- 9 Discounting Performance Feedback and Devaluing the Performance Domain -- 10 How Feedback Can Improve Outcomes Under Stereotype Threat -- 11 Removing Cues to Stereotype Threat in the Learning Environment -- 12 Changing the Content and Pedagogical Approach to Foster Better Learning Outcomes -- 13 Adopting a Growth Mindset When Learning -- 14 Self-Affirmation and Academic Achievement -- 15 Conclusion -- Chapter Three: Changing Our Implicit Minds: How, When, and Why Implicit Evaluations Can Be Rapidly Revised -- Abstract -- 1 What Counts as a First Impression? -- 2 Theoretical Perspectives on Implicit Impression Change -- 3 Our Approach -- 4 Three Routes to Rapid Revision of Implicit Evaluations -- 5 Common Questions, Misperceptions, and Theoretical Issues -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter Four: The Motivational Underpinnings of Belief in God -- Abstract -- 1 What Kinds of Gods Do People Believe in? -- 2 Why Do People Believe in These Gods? -- 3 The Need for Structure. , 4 Believing in Powerful Gods: Relation to People's Need for Structure -- 5 Other Means of Satisfying the Need for Structure and the Competitive Edge of Powerful Gods -- 6 Conclusion: Future Directions and Unanswered Questions -- Chapter Five: Implicit Theories: Assumptions That Shape Social and Moral Cognition -- Abstract -- 1 Implicit Theories: A Definition -- 2 Theories of Trait Stability/Malleability: The Entity/Incremental Dimension -- 3 Part I: Attribution -- 4 Implications for Empathy -- 5 Attributions About Groups -- 6 Attributions About the Self -- 7 Implicit Theories of the Thought-Action Link -- 8 Interim Summary -- 9 Part II: Person Memory -- 10 The Role of Epistemic Motivations -- 11 Part III: Attention Allocation -- 12 The Double-Edged Sword of Accountability -- 13 Interim Summary -- 14 Part IV: Encoding Processes -- 15 Theories About Genetic Variation and the Encoding of Race -- 16 Encoding of Theory-Confirming and Theory-Violating Behavior: Neural Substrates -- 17 Interim Summary -- 18 Conclusion and Suggestions for Future Work.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (333 p.)

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-805116-7

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 53

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Advances in Experimental Social Psychology; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Chapter One: Pair-Bonded Relationships and Romantic Alternatives: Toward an Integration of Evolutionary and Relationship ...; 1. The Conflict-Confluence Continuum Model: An Introduction; 2. Two Theoretical Traditions: Evolutionary Psychology and Relationship Science; 2.1. Evolutionary Psychological Approaches; 2.2. Relationship Science Approaches; 2.3. Is Relationship-Inspired Science Evolution-Inspired Science? , 3. Characterizing the Divergence Between Perspectives: Confluence versus Conflict of Interest3.1. Relationship Science: An Emphasis on Confluence of Interest; 3.2. Evolutionary Science: An Emphasis on Conflicts of Interest; 3.3. Conceptualizing Variation in Ancestral Selection on Intersexual Relationships: The Conflict-Confluence Model; 3.4. Contrasting Predictions Offered by the Two Selection Models; 4. The Ovulatory Shift Hypothesis: Integrating Evolutionary Psychological and Relationship Science Approaches; 4.1. Ovulatory Shifts in Human and Nonhuman Mammals , 4.2. Has Estrous Sexuality Been Shaped by Selection in Humans?4.2.1. Maintenance Hypothesis; 4.2.2. Dual-Mating Hypothesis; 4.2.3. Adaptive Workaround Hypothesis; 4.3. Ovulatory Shifts and the Close Relationships Literature; 5. Integrative Approaches to Reconcile the Close Relationships and Ovulatory Shift Perspectives; 5.1. Integration Model 1: Moderation by Relationship Features (Adaptive Workarounds); 5.2. Integration Model 2: Extended Sexuality as a Means to Promote Pair-Bonding; 5.3. Integration Model 3: Inhibiting Mechanisms; 6. Toward Better Testing and Integration of the Models , 6.1. Moderating Variables Inspired by the Conflict-Confluence Model6.1.1. Environmental Factors Affecting Mate Choice; 6.1.2. Factors Affecting the Value of Partners/Relationships; 6.1.3. Features of the Female; 6.1.4. Features of Alternative Partners; 6.2. Incorporating the Moderating Variables into the Three Integrative Ovulatory Shift Models; 6.2.1. The Adaptive Workaround Model; 6.2.2. The Extended Sexuality Model; 6.2.3. The Inhibition Model; 6.3. Summary; 7. Conflict versus Confluence as a Broad Framework for Integrating Evolutionary Psychology and Relationship Science , 7.1. The Function of Relationship Quality7.2. ``Errors ́́in Mate Value Judgments; 8. A Note on the Process: From Adversaries to Collaborators; 9. Conclusion; References; Chapter Two: The Behavioral Immune System: Implications for Social Cognition, Social Interaction, and Social Influence; 1. Introduction; 2. Conceptual Background on the Behavioral Immune System; 2.1. Theory and Research Within the Biological Sciences; 2.2. Brief History of Disease Avoidance Within the Literature on Human Motivation; 2.3. Unique Functional Implications Associated with the Threat Posed by Parasites , 2.4. Empirical Evidence of a Psychologically Unique Motivational System , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-804737-2

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (616 pages)

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-802472-0 , 0-12-802274-4

Series Statement: Advances in experimental social psychology ; 51

Content: This volume represents the best and the brightest in new research, theory, and practice in social psychology.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover image; Title page; Table of Contents; Copyright; Contributors; Chapter One: Why Do Humans Form Long-Term Mateships? An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Model; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Part I: Adaptive Problems and Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Models; 3 Part II: Long-term Mating as the Solution to Multiple Adaptive Problems; 4 Part III: Novel Adaptive Problems Created by Long-term Relationships; 5 Conclusions; Acknowledgment; Chapter Two: The Why and How of Defending Belief in a Just World; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Background; 3 Why Do People Defend BJW?; 4 How Do People Defend BJW? , 5 Broader Issues6 Conclusion; Chapter Three: Positive Versus Negative Valence: Asymmetries in Attitude Formation and Generalization as Fundamental Individual Differences; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Individual Differences in Valence Weighting; 3 Some Questions About Valence Weighting; 4 Valence Asymmetries in Attitude Learning; 5 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; Chapter Four: We'll Always Have Paris: The Hedonic Payoff from Experiential and Material Investments; Abstract; 1 Money and Happiness; 2 As Time Goes By: Adaptation and the Differential Hedonic Return on Experiences and Possessions , 3 Making Plans that Far Ahead: The Prospective Benefits of Experiential Consumption4 The Beginnings of a Beautiful Friendship: The Social Value of Experiential Consumption; 5 Here's Looking at Me, Kid: Experiential Purchases are a More Meaningful Part of One's Identity; 6 Of All the Gin Joints: Direct and Comparative Determinants of Enjoyment; 7 What We Regret (Soon and for the Rest of our Lives); 8 Letters of Transit for the Road Ahead; 9 Nudging us Out of the Malls and Out on the Trails; 10 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; Chapter Five: To Nostalgize: Mixing Memory with Affect and Desire , Abstract1 Introduction; 2 A Historical Perspective on Nostalgia; 3 What Nostalgia Is; 4 What Nostalgia Does; 5 How Nostalgia Works; 6 Nostalgia's Future; Appendix A Southampton Nostalgia Scale; Appendix B Experimental Induction of Nostalgia: The Event Reflection Task; Index; Contents of Other Volumes , English

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (729 p.)

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-802435-6 , 0-12-802247-7

Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ; Volume 52

Content: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology continues to be one of the most sought after and most often cited series in this field. Containing contributions of major empirical and theoretical interest, this series represents the best and the brightest in new research, theory, and practice in social psychology. This serial is part of the Social Sciences package on ScienceDirect. Visit info.sciencedirect.com for more information. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology is available online on ScienceDirect - full-text online of volume 32 onward. Elsevier book series on ScienceDirect gives mu

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Thirty years of terror management theory: from Genesis to Revelation / Tom Pyszczynski, Sheldon Solomon, and Jeff Greenberg -- A biosocial model of affective decision making: implications for dissonance, motivation, and culture / Shinobu Kitayama and Steven Tompson -- Detecting and experiencing prejudice: new answers to old questions / Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers -- The motivated gatekeeper of our minds: new directions in need for closure theory and research / Arne Roets, Arie W. Kruglanski, Malgorzata Kossowska, Antonio Pierro, and Ying-yi Hong -- The ABC of ambivalence: affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences of attitudinal conflict / Frenk van Harreveld, Hannah U. Nohlen, and Iris K. Schneider. , English

Language: English