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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 216 Seiten) : , Diagramme, Karten.

ISBN: 978-1-84980-233-8

Series Statement: New horizons in environmental economics

Content: Climate change tends to increase the frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters, which puts many people at risk. Economic, social and environmental impacts further increase vulnerability to natural disasters and tend to set back development, destroy livelihoods and increase disparity nationally and worldwide. This book addresses the differential vulnerability of people and places, introducing concepts and methods for analysis and illustrating the impact on local, regional, national, and global scales. The chapters in the first section set the stage by focusing on the relationship bet

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-1-84844-037-1

Language: English

Subjects: Economics , Geography

Keywords: Erwärmung ; Klimaschutz ; Soziale Probleme ; Inzidenz ; Klimaänderung ; Gesellschaft ; Wirtschaft ; Politik ; Klimaänderung ; Klimaschutz ; Umweltökonomie ; Klimaänderung ; Naturkatastrophe ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.4337/9781849802338

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Edition: 1. Auflage

ISBN: 9783748905325

Series Statement: HWR Berlin Forschung Band 71

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-8487-6485-3

Language: German

Subjects: Political Science , Sociology

Keywords: Deutschland ; Flüchtling ; Soziale Integration ; Bildung ; Berufliche Integration

DOI: 10.5771/9783748905325

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Author information: Schmidt, Matthias 1967-

Author information: Happ, Dorit 1983-

Author information: Kühnel, Wolfgang 1955-

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (434 pages)

ISBN: 9783319091143

Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics Ser. ; v.99

Note: Intro -- Preface I -- Preface II -- Contents -- Part I Markets, Regulation,and Model Risk -- A Random Holding Period Approach for Liquidity-Inclusive Risk Management -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Earlier Literature -- 1.2 Different Risk Horizons Are Acknowledged by BCBS -- 2 The Univariate Case -- 2.1 A Brief Review on the Stochastic Holding Period Framework -- 2.2 Semi-analytic Solutions and Simulations -- 3 Dependence Modeling: A Bivariate Case -- 4 Calibration with Liquidity Data -- 4.1 Dependencies Between Liquidity, Credit, and Market Risk -- 4.2 Marginal Distributions of SHPs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Regulatory Developments in Risk Management: Restoring Confidence in Internal Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Loss of Confidence in Internal Models---How Did It Happen? -- 2.1 An Example from the First Years of the Crisis -- 2.2 Divergence of Model Results -- 3 Alternatives to Internal Models -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Leverage Ratio -- 3.3 Regulatory Standardised Approaches -- 4 Ways of Restoring Confidence -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Reducing the Variation in Model Results Through Standardisation -- 4.3 Enhancing Transparency -- 4.4 Highlighting the Positive Developments as a Result of the Trading Book Review -- 4.5 Strengthening the Use Test Concept -- 4.6 A Comprehensive Approach to Model Validation -- 4.7 Quantification and Capitalisation of Model Risk -- 4.8 Voluntary Commitment by Banks to a Code of ``Model Ethics'' -- 4.9 Other Approaches -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Model Risk in Incomplete Markets with Jumps -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Losses from Hedged Positions -- 2.1 Market and Model Setup -- 2.2 Loss Process -- 2.3 Loss Distribution -- 3 Measures of Model Risk -- 3.1 Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall -- 3.2 Axioms for Measures of Model Risk -- 4 Hedge Differences -- 5 Application to Energy Markets -- References. , Part II Financial Engineering -- Bid-Ask Spread for Exotic Options under Conic Finance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Exotic Bid-Ask Spread -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Derivative Pricing under the Possibility of Long Memory in the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Review of the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model -- 3 Martingale Conditions -- 4 Fourier Pricing in the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model -- 4.1 A Review on Fourier Pricing -- 4.2 The Characteristic Function -- 4.3 Regularity of the Moment Generating Function -- 5 Examples -- 5.1 Concrete Specifications -- 5.2 Calibration and an Illustrative Example -- References -- A Two-Sided BNS Model for Multicurrency FX Markets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Two-Sided Barndorff--Nielsen--Shephard Model Class -- 3 A Tractable Multivariate Extension of the Two-Sided Γ-OU-BNS Model -- 4 Modeling Two FX Rates with a Bivariate Two-Sided Γ-OU-BNS Model -- 4.1 The Dependence Structure of the Lévy Drivers -- 4.2 Implicitly Defined Models -- 5 Application: Calibration to FX Rates and Pricing of Bivariate FX Derivatives -- 5.1 Data -- 5.2 Model Setup -- 5.3 Calibration -- 6 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Modeling the Price of Natural Gas with Temperature and Oil Price as Exogenous Factors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Review of the Model by Stoll and Wiebauer (2010) -- 3 The Oil Price Dependence of Gas Prices -- 4 Model Calibration with Temperature and Oil Price -- 4.1 Oil Price Model -- 4.2 Temperature Model -- 4.3 The Residual Stochastic Process -- 5 Option Valuation by Least Squares Monte Carlo Including Exogenous Components -- 5.1 Extensions of Least Squares Monte Carlo Algorithm Including Exogenous Components -- 5.2 Influence of Exogenous Components on Valuation Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Copula-Specific Credit Portfolio Modeling -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Copulas Under Consideration -- 3 A Comparison Between CreditRisk+ and CreditMetrics -- 3.1 Preliminary Notes and General Remarks -- 3.2 Theoretical Background -- 4 Results on Estimated Copulas and Risk Figures -- 4.1 Portfolio and Model Calibration -- 4.2 Parametrization of Marginal Distributions -- 4.3 Estimation of Copulas -- 4.4 Effect of the Copula on the Risk Figures and the Tail of the Loss Distribution -- 5 Summary -- References -- Implied Recovery Rates---Auctions and Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CDS Settlement: Credit Auction -- 2.1 Initial Biding Period -- 2.2 Dutch Auction -- 2.3 Summary of the Auction Procedure -- 3 Examples of Implied Recovery Models -- 3.1 Cox--Ingersoll--Ross Type Reduced-Form Model -- 3.2 Pure Recovery Model -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Upside and Downside Risk Exposures of Currency Carry Trades via Tail Dependence -- 1 Currency Carry Trade and Uncovered Interest Rate Parity -- 2 Interpreting Tail Dependence as Financial Risk Exposure in Carry Trade Portfolios -- 3 Generalised Archimedean Copula Models for Currency Exchange Rate Baskets -- 4 Currency Basket Model Estimations via Inference Function for the Margins -- 4.1 Stage 1: Fitting the Marginal Distributions via MLE -- 4.2 Stage 2: Fitting the Mixture Copula via MLE -- 5 Exchange Rate Multivariate Data Description and Currency Portfolio Construction -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Tail Dependence Results -- 6.2 Pairwise Decomposition of Basket Tail Dependence -- 6.3 Understanding the Tail Exposure Associated with the Carry Trade and Its Role in the UIP Puzzle -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Insurance Riskand Asset Management -- Participating Life Insurance Contracts under Risk Based Solvency Frameworks: How to Increase Capital Efficiency by Product Design -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Considered Products. , 2.1 The Traditional Product -- 2.2 Alternative Products -- 3 Stochastic Modeling and Analyzed Key Figures -- 3.1 The Financial Market Model -- 3.2 The Asset-Liability Model -- 3.3 Key Drivers for Capital Efficiency -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Assumptions -- 4.2 Comparison of Product Designs -- 4.3 Sensitivity Analyses -- 4.4 Reduction in the Level of Guarantee -- 5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Reducing Surrender Incentives Through Fee Structure in Variable Annuities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assumptions and Model -- 2.1 Variable Annuity -- 2.2 Benefits -- 3 Valuation of the Surrender Option -- 3.1 Notation and Optimal Surrender Decision -- 3.2 Theoretical Result on Optimal Surrender Behavior -- 3.3 Valuation of the Surrender Option Using PDEs -- 4 Numerical Example -- 4.1 Numerical Results -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- A Variational Approach for Mean-Variance-Optimal Deterministic Consumption and Investment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Mean-Variance-Optimal Deterministic Consumption and Investment Problem -- 3 Existence of Optimal Deterministic Control Functions -- 4 A Pontryagin Maximum Principle -- 5 Generalized Gradients for the Objective -- 6 Numerical Optimization by a Gradient Ascent Method -- 7 Numerical Example -- References -- Risk Control in Asset Management: Motives and Concepts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Risk Management for Active Portfolios -- 2.1 Factor Structure and Portfolio Risk -- 2.2 Allocation to Active and Passive Funds -- 3 Dealing with Investors Downside-Risk Aversion -- 3.1 Portfolio Insurance -- 3.2 Popular Portfolio Insurance Strategies -- 3.3 Performance Comparison -- 3.4 Other Risks -- 4 Parameter Uncertainty and Model Uncertainty -- 4.1 Parameter Uncertainty -- 4.2 Model Uncertainty -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Worst-Case Scenario Portfolio Optimization Given the Probability of a Crash -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 Alternative Ansatz of Korn and Wilmott -- 1.2 Literature Review -- 2 Setup of the Model -- 3 Optimal Portfolios Given the Probability of a Crash -- 4 The q-quantile Crash Hedging Strategy -- 5 Examples -- 5.1 Uniformly Distributed Crash Sizes -- 5.2 Conditional Exponential Distributed Crash Sizes -- 5.3 Conditional Exponential Distributed Crash Sizes with Exponential Distributed Crash Times -- 6 Deterministic Portfolio Strategies -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Improving Optimal Terminal Value Replicating Portfolios -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Mathematical Setup -- 3 The Theory of Replicating Portfolios -- 3.1 Cash-Flow Matching -- 3.2 Discounted Terminal Value Matching -- 4 Equivalence of Cash-Flow Matching and Discounted Terminal Value Matching -- 5 Example -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Computational Methodsfor Risk Management -- Risk and Computation -- 1 Computational Risk -- 1.1 Efficiency of Algorithms -- 1.2 Risk of an Algorithm -- 1.3 Eliminate the Risk -- 1.4 Effort -- 1.5 Example -- 2 Assessing Structural Risk -- 2.1 Simplest Attractor -- 2.2 Mean-Field Models -- 2.3 Artificial Example -- 2.4 Structure in Phase Spaces -- 2.5 Risk Index -- 2.6 Example -- 2.7 Summary -- References -- Extreme Value Importance Sampling for Rare Event Risk Measurement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The One-Dimensional Case -- 3 Examples -- 3.1 Example 1: Simulation Estimators of Quantiles and TailVar for the Normal Distribution -- 3.2 Example 2: Simulating a Portfolio Credit Risk Model -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Note on the Numerical Evaluation of the Hartman--Watson Density and Distribution Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Occurrence of the Hartman--Watson Law -- 3 Straightforward Implementation Based on Formula (1) -- 4 Evaluation via Gaver--Stehfest Laplace Inversion. , 5 Evaluation via a Complex Laplace Inversion Method for the Bondesson Class.

Additional Edition: Print version: Glau, Kathrin Innovations in Quantitative Risk Management Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2015 ISBN 9783319091136

Language: English

Subjects: Economics

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic book. ; Electronic books. ; Conference papers and proceedings. ; Konferenzschrift ; Electronic books

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (693 Seiten)

Edition: 1. Auflage

ISBN: 9783748927914

Series Statement: Fundamenta Juridica Band 74

Content: Kollidieren Höchstgüter, sind gewichtige Einschränkungen unvermeidbar. Es stellt sich dann die Frage, welche Güter der Staat als Grundrechtsgarant priorisieren soll. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse hierzu bieten neben der Grundrechtsdogmatik insbesondere eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit Gerechtigkeitstheorien und die Besprechung konkreter Fallbeispiele (betr. Zwangsernährung, «Rettungsfolter», Flugzeugabschuss, postmortale Organspende). Im Ergebnis vertritt der Autor ein folgenethisches Grundrechtsverständnis und diskutiert Kriterien, die bei Lösung von Grundrechtskollisionen, insbesondere von Rettungsdilemmata, zu berücksichtigen sind. (Gebiete: Grundrechtsdogmatik, Rechtstheorie, Rechtsethik.)

Content: When fundamental rights collide, the State can be precluded from fully meeting the usual requirements of the human rights order and find itself forced to severely restrict some of the rights involved. The analysis of legal and ethical theory as well as of specific cases (e.g. shooting down of civil airplanes; “rescue torture”; force-feeding a prisoner on a hunger strike) lead the author to a decidedly consequentialist understanding of fundamental rights. The work ends with a critical discussion of reasons and criteria to be taken into account when looking for the best (i.e. least bad) resolution of conflicts of fundamental rights. (Areas: Theories of justice, dogmatics of fundamental rights, legal theory.)

Note: Dissertation Universität Bern 2019

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783848784158

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783038913573

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Uffer, Matthias Die Grundrechtskollision Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2021 ISBN 9783848784158

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783038913573

Language: German

Subjects: Law

Keywords: Schweiz ; Grundrechtskollision ; Abwägung ; Gerechtigkeit ; Utilitarismus ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.5771/9783748927914

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (432 Seiten) , Illustrationen

Edition: 1. Auflage

ISBN: 9783839458631 , 9783732858637

Series Statement: X-Texte zu Kultur und Gesellschaft

Content: Wie weit und umkämpft war dieser Weg? Von der Entpolitisierung des Oktoberfestattentats 1980 über die Verdächtigungen der Opferangehörigen des sogenannten NSU in den 2000ern bis hin zur öffentlichen Wahrnehmung der Familien der Getöteten des rechtsterroristischen Anschlags in Hanau 2020. Erst jetzt scheint sich eine längst überfällige gesamtgesellschaftliche Debatte in Bewegung zu setzen: über mangelnde Repräsentation, mahnende Erinnerung und sich verändernde Gedenkkultur, über strukturellen Rassismus und Behördenblindheit gegenüber Menschen, die sich längst nicht mehr als Teil einer Gesellschaft fühlen. Die Beitragenden des Bandes setzen sich mit Rassismus, Rechtsextremismus und Erinnerungskultur auseinander und gehen vor allem der Frage nach, wo der Kampf gegen rechten Terror und seinen gesellschaftlichen Nährboden heute steht.

Note: Literaturangaben , Diese Publikation wurde im Rahmen des Fördervorhabens 16TOA002 mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Open Access bereitgestellt

Additional Edition: ISBN 9783837658637

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Rassismus. Macht. Vergessen Bielefeld : transcript, 2021 ISBN 9783837658637

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Rassismus. Macht. Vergessen Bielefeld : transcript Verlag, 2021 ISBN 9783839458631

Language: German

Subjects: Political Science , Sociology

Keywords: Deutschland ; Rechtsradikalismus ; Rassismus ; Neue Rechte ; Terrorismus ; Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund ; Kollektives Gedächtnis ; Aufsatzsammlung

DOI: 10.14361/9783839458631

DOI: 10.1515/9783839458631

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Author information: Quent, Matthias 1986-

Author information: Zipf, Jonas 1982-

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Format: 1 online resource (717 pages)

ISBN: 9783319586892

Series Statement: Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment Ser.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: What Does It Mean to Be a Nonprofit Educational Measurement Organization in the Twenty-First Century? -- 1.1 What Is an Educational Nonprofit? -- 1.2 Where Did ETS Come From? -- 1.3 What Does the Past Imply for the Future? -- 1.4 Summary -- References -- Part I: ETS Contributions to Developing Analytic Tools for Educational Measurement -- Chapter 2: A Review of Developments and Applications in Item Analysis -- 2.1 Item Analysis Indices -- 2.1.1 Item Difficulty Indices -- 2.1.2 Item Discrimination Indices -- 2.2 Item and Test Score Relationships -- 2.2.1 Relating Item Indices to Test Score Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Conditional Average Item Scores -- 2.3 Visual Displays of Item Analysis Results -- 2.4 Roles of Item Analysis in Psychometric Contexts -- 2.4.1 Differential Item Functioning, Item Response Theory, and Conditions of Administration -- 2.4.2 Subgroup Comparisons in Differential Item Functioning -- 2.4.3 Comparisons and Uses of Item Analysis and Item Response Theory -- 2.4.3.1 Similarities of Item Response Theory and Item Analysis -- 2.4.3.2 Comparisons and Contrasts in Assumptions of Invariance -- 2.4.3.3 Uses of Item Analysis Fit Evaluations of Item Response Theory Models -- 2.4.4 Item Context and Order Effects -- 2.4.5 Analyses of Alternate Item Types and Scores -- References -- Chapter 3: Psychometric Contributions: Focus on Test Scores -- 3.1 Test Scores as Measurements -- 3.1.1 Foundational Developments for the Use of Test Scores as Measurements, Pre-ETS -- 3.1.2 Overview of ETS Contributions -- 3.1.3 ETS Contributions About -- 3.1.4 Intervals for True Score Inference -- 3.1.5 Studying Test Score Measurement Properties With Respect to Multiple Test Forms and Measures -- 3.1.5.1 Alternative Classical Test Theory Models. , 3.1.5.2 Reliability Estimation -- 3.1.5.3 Factor Analysis -- 3.1.6 Applications to Psychometric Test Assembly and Interpretation -- 3.2 Test Scores as Predictors in Correlational and Regression Relationships -- 3.2.1 Foundational Developments for the Use of Test Scores as Predictors, Pre-ETS -- 3.2.2 ETS Contributions to the Methodology of Correlations and Regressions and Their Application to the Study of Test Scores as Predictors -- 3.2.2.1 Relationships of Tests in a Population's Subsamples With Partially Missing Data -- 3.2.2.2 Using Test Scores to Adjust Groups for Preexisting Differences -- 3.2.2.3 Detecting Group Differences in Test and Criterion Regressions -- 3.2.2.4 Using Test Correlations and Regressions as Bases for Test Construction -- 3.3 Integrating Developments About Test Scores as Measurements and Test Scores as Predictors -- 3.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: Contributions to Score Linking Theory and Practice -- 4.1 Why Score Linking Is Important -- 4.2 Conceptual Frameworks for Score Linking -- 4.2.1 Score Linking Frameworks -- 4.2.2 Equating Frameworks -- 4.3 Data Collection Designs and Data Preparation -- 4.3.1 Data Collection -- 4.3.2 Data Preparation Activities -- 4.3.2.1 Sample Selection -- 4.3.2.2 Weighted Samples -- 4.3.2.3 Smoothing -- 4.3.2.4 Small Samples and Smoothing -- 4.4 Score Equating and Score Linking Procedures -- 4.4.1 Early Equating Procedures -- 4.4.2 True-Score Linking -- 4.4.3 Kernel Equating and Linking With Continuous Exponential Families -- 4.4.4 Preequating -- 4.4.5 Small-Sample Procedures -- 4.5 Evaluating Equatings -- 4.5.1 Sampling Stability of Linking Functions -- 4.5.1.1 The Standard Error of Equating -- 4.5.1.2 The Standard Error of Equating Difference Between Two Linking Functions -- 4.5.2 Measures of the Subpopulation Sensitivity of Score Linking Functions. , 4.5.3 Consistency of Scale Score Meaning -- 4.6 Comparative Studies -- 4.6.1 Different Data Collection Designs and Different Methods -- 4.6.2 The Role of the Anchor -- 4.6.3 Matched-Sample Equating -- 4.6.4 Item Response Theory True-Score Linking -- 4.6.5 Item Response Theory Preequating Research -- 4.6.6 Equating Tests With Constructed-Response Items -- 4.6.7 Subscores -- 4.6.8 Multidimensionality and Equating -- 4.6.9 A Caveat on Comparative Studies -- 4.7 The Ebb and Flow of Equating Research at ETS -- 4.7.1 Prior to 1970 -- 4.7.2 The Year 1970 to the Mid-1980s -- 4.7.3 The Mid-1980s to 2000 -- 4.7.4 The Years 2002-2015 -- 4.8 Books and Chapters -- 4.9 Concluding Comment -- References -- Chapter 5: Item Response Theory -- 5.1 Some Early Work Leading up to IRT (1940s and 1950s) -- 5.2 More Complete Development of IRT (1960s and 1970s) -- 5.3 Broadening the Research and Application of IRT (the 1980s) -- 5.3.1 Further Developments and Evaluation of IRT Models -- 5.3.2 IRT Software Development and Evaluation -- 5.3.3 Explanation, Evaluation, and Application of IRT Models -- 5.4 Advanced Item Response Modeling: The 1990s -- 5.4.1 IRT Software Development and Evaluation -- 5.4.2 Explanation, Evaluation, and Application of IRT Models -- 5.5 IRT Contributions in the Twenty-First Century -- 5.5.1 Advances in the Development of Explanatory and Multidimensional IRT Models -- 5.6 IRT Software Development and Evaluation -- 5.6.1 Explanation, Evaluation, and Application of IRT Models -- 5.6.2 The Signs of (IRT) Things to Come -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Research on Statistics -- 6.1 Linear Models -- 6.1.1 Computation -- 6.1.2 Inference -- 6.1.3 Prediction -- 6.1.4 Latent Regression -- 6.2 Bayesian Methods -- 6.2.1 Bayes for Classical Models -- 6.2.2 Later Bayes -- 6.2.3 Empirical Bayes -- 6.3 Causal Inference -- 6.4 Missing Data. , 6.5 Complex Samples -- 6.6 Data Displays -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Contributions to the Quantitative Assessment of Item, Test, and Score Fairness -- 7.1 Fair Prediction of a Criterion -- 7.2 Differential Item Functioning (DIF) -- 7.2.1 Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Methods -- 7.2.1.1 Early Developments: The Years Before Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Was Defined at ETS -- 7.2.1.2 Mantel-Haenszel (MH): Original Implementation at ETS -- 7.2.1.3 Subsequent Developments With the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) Approach -- 7.2.1.4 Standardization (STAND) -- Standardization's (STAND's) Definition of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) -- Standardization's (STAND's) Primary Differential Item Functioning (DIF) Index -- Extensions to Standardization (STAND) -- 7.2.1.5 Item Response Theory (IRT) -- 7.2.1.6 SIBTEST -- 7.2.2 Matching Variable Issues -- 7.2.3 Study Group Definition -- 7.2.4 Sample Size and Power Issues -- 7.3 Fair Linking of Test Scores -- 7.4 Limitations of Quantitative Fairness Assessment Procedures -- References -- Part II: ETS Contributions to Education Policy and Evaluation -- Chapter 8: Large-Scale Group-Score Assessment -- 8.1 Organization of This Chapter -- 8.2 Overview of Technological Contributions -- 8.2.1 Early Group Assessments -- 8.2.2 NAEP's Conception -- 8.2.3 Educational Opportunities Survey (EOS) -- 8.2.4 NAEP'S Early Assessments -- 8.2.5 Longitudinal Studies -- 8.2.6 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Score Decline -- 8.2.7 Calls for Change -- 8.2.7.1 The Wall Charts -- 8.2.8 NAEP's New Design -- 8.2.9 NAEP's Technical Dissemination -- 8.2.10 National Assessment Governing Board -- 8.2.11 NAEP's International Effects -- 8.2.12 Other ETS Technical Contributions -- 8.3 ETS and Large-Scale Assessment -- 8.3.1 Early Group Assessments -- 8.3.1.1 Project Talent -- 8.3.1.2 First International Mathematics Study (FIMS). , 8.3.2 NAEP's Conception -- 8.3.3 Educational Opportunities Survey -- 8.3.4 NAEP's Early Assessments -- 8.3.5 Longitudinal Studies -- 8.3.6 SAT Score Decline -- 8.3.6.1 Improvisation of Linking Methods -- 8.3.6.2 Partitioning Analysis -- 8.3.7 Call for Change -- 8.3.8 NAEP's New Design -- 8.3.9 NAEP's Technical Dissemination -- 8.3.9.1 Documentation of NAEP Procedures and Results -- 8.3.9.2 NAEP's Secondary-Use Data and Web Tools -- 8.3.10 National Assessment Governing Board -- 8.3.10.1 Comparability of State and National Estimate -- 8.3.10.2 Full Population Estimation -- 8.3.11 Mapping State Standards Onto NAEP -- 8.3.11.1 Testing Model Fit -- 8.3.11.2 Aspirational Performance Standards -- 8.3.12 Other ETS Contributions -- 8.3.12.1 Rater Reliability in NAEP -- 8.3.12.2 Computer-Based Assessment in NAEP -- 8.3.12.3 International Effects -- 8.3.12.4 ETS Contributions to International Assessments -- 8.3.13 NAEP ETS Contributions -- 8.3.13.1 The FORTRAN IV Statistical System (F4STAT) -- 8.3.13.2 Fitting Robust Regressions Using Power Series -- 8.3.13.3 Computational Error in Regression Analysis -- 8.3.13.4 Interpreting Least Squares -- 8.3.14 Impact on Policy-Publications Based on Large-Scale Assessment Findings -- Appendix: NAEP Estimation Procedures -- The Early NAEP Estimation Process -- Scaling -- Conditioning -- Variance Estimation -- Sampling Error -- Measurement Error -- Alternative Psychometric Approaches -- Possible Future Innovations -- Random Effects Model -- Adaptive Numerical Quadrature -- Using Hierarchical Models -- References -- Chapter 9: Large-Scale Assessments of Adult Literacy -- 9.1 Expanding the Construct of Literacy -- 9.2 Developing a Model for Building Construct-Based Assessments -- 9.3 Expanding and Implementing Large-Scale Assessment Methodology. , 9.3.1 Models Allowing the Derivation of Comparable Measures and Comparisons Across Literacy Assessments.

Additional Edition: Print version: Bennett, Randy E. Advancing Human Assessment Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2017 ISBN 9783319586878

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource (620 pages)

ISBN: 9783319282015

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Volatile and Extreme Food Prices, Food Security, and Policy: An Overview -- 1.1 The Relevance of Food Price Volatility -- 1.2 Understanding the Linkages Between Food Security, Price Volatility, and Extreme Events -- 1.2.1 The Concept of Food Security -- 1.2.2 Food Price Volatility -- 1.2.3 Extreme Events -- 1.3 Conceptual Framework of Volatility, Food Security Impacts, and Policy Responses -- 1.4 Contribution and Contents of the Book -- 1.5 Implications for Policymaking -- 1.5.1 Policies to Prevent and Reduce Excessive Price Volatility -- 1.5.1.1 Agricultural Markets: Information, Transparency, and Regulation -- 1.5.1.2 Stocks, Trade, and Regional Cooperation -- 1.5.1.3 Biofuel Policies, Energy Prices, Climate Change, and Technological Change -- 1.5.2 Social Protection and Nutrition Policies -- 1.5.3 New International Institutional Arrangements -- 1.6 Implications for Future Research -- References -- Part II Food Price Volatility at International Food Commodity Markets -- 2 Volatile Volatility: Conceptual and Measurement Issues Related to Price Trends and Volatility -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Price Levels and Price Variability -- 2.3 Different Measures and Concepts -- 2.3.1 Prices in Real or Nominal Terms -- 2.3.2 World Prices: In What Currency? -- 2.3.3 Domestic Prices and World Prices -- 2.3.4 Time Horizons -- 2.3.5 The Selection of Food Indices and Food Prices -- 2.3.6 Trends and Volatility: Different Approaches -- 2.3.7 Trends and cycles -- 2.3.8 Shorter-term Variations -- 2.3.9 Expected and Historical Volatility -- 2.3.10 Scaling the Shocks -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Drivers and Triggers of International Food Price Spikes and Volatility -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptual Framework -- 3.3 Estimation Methods -- 3.4 Data -- 3.5 Results and Discussion. , 3.5.1 Determinants of Food Price Spikes -- 3.5.2 Food Price Volatility -- 3.5.3 Food Price Trigger -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Effects of Southern Hemisphere Crop Production on Trade, Stocks, and Price Integration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Model -- 4.3 Numerical Solution Strategy -- 4.4 Model Simulations -- 4.5 Impact of Shifting Production on Trade -- 4.6 Effects of Shifts in Production on Regional Stocks -- 4.7 Effects of Shifts in Production on Soybean Price Integration -- 4.8 Carrying Costs Among Northern and Southern Exporters -- 4.9 Effects of Production Shifts on Price Variability -- 4.10 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Food Price Changes, Price Insulation, and Their Impacts on Global and Domestic Poverty -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Effects of Food Price Changes on Poverty -- 5.2.1 Short-Run Effects -- 5.2.2 Longer-Run Effects -- 5.3 Policy Responses -- 5.4 Recent Developments in Poverty Reduction -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Alternative Mechanisms to Reduce Food Price Volatility and Price Spikes: Policy Responses at the Global Level -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Review of Policies Proposed/Implemented to Reduce Price Volatility Before 2007 -- 6.3 Review of Policies Proposed as a Result of the 2007-2008 and 2010 Food Price Crises -- 6.3.1 Information -- 6.3.2 Trade Facilitation -- 6.3.3 Reserves and Stocks -- 6.3.4 Financial Instruments -- 6.3.5 Regulatory Proposals -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Worldwide Acreage and Yield Response to International Price Change and Volatility: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis for Wheat, Rice, Corn, and Soybeans -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Related Literature -- 7.3 Conceptual Framework -- 7.4 Data -- 7.5 Econometric Model -- 7.6 Results -- 7.6.1 Econometric Results -- 7.6.1.1 Robustness Checks -- 7.6.2 Simulation Results -- 7.7 Conclusions -- A.1 Appendix -- References. , 8 Food Crisis and Export Taxation: Revisiting the Adverse Effects of Noncooperative Aspect of Trade Policies -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Why Do Countries Implement Export Restrictions? -- 8.3 To What Extent Does Export Taxation Amplify Food Price Volatility? -- 8.4 Can Export Restrictions Be Disciplined in the WTO Framework? -- 8.5 Concluding Remarks: Looking for a Solution -- References -- Part III Commodity and Financial Market Linkages -- 9 Directional Volatility Spillovers Between Agricultural, Crude Oil, Real Estate, and Other Financial Markets -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Previous Empirical Results on Market Linkages -- 9.2.1 Agricultural-Energy Market Linkages -- 9.2.2 (Agricultural) Commodity-Financial Market Linkages -- 9.3 Description of the Methodology and Data -- 9.3.1 Data -- 9.3.2 Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decompositions -- 9.3.3 Volatility Spillover Indices -- 9.4 Empirical Results -- 9.4.1 Rolling VAR Estimation and Spillover Index Calculation -- 9.4.2 Discussion of Results -- 9.4.2.1 Agricultural: Energy Linkages -- 9.4.2.2 Commodity: Financial Linkages -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 A Roller Coaster Ride: An Empirical Investigation of the Main Drivers of Wheat Price -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Literature Review -- 10.3 Variables and Data -- 10.4 Empirical Evidence -- 10.4.1 Preliminary Unit Root Test -- 10.4.2 Johansen and Juselius Analysis -- 10.4.3 Empirical Results -- 10.4.4 Discussion of Results and implications -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Annex -- References -- 11 Relative Prices of Food and the Volatility of Agricultural Commodities: Evidence for a Panel of Developing Economies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methodology -- 11.2.1 Relative Food Prices at Country Level -- 11.2.2 Conditional Global Volatility and Its Relation to Country Level Relative Food Prices -- 11.2.3 Beta Regression. , 11.3 Data, Empirical Model, and Estimation -- 11.3.1 Data -- 11.3.2 Empirical Model and Estimation -- 11.3.3 Discussion -- 11.4 Conclusion -- Appendix -- Tables -- Data Sources -- References -- 12 How Strong Do Global Commodity Prices Influence Domestic Food Prices in Developing Countries? A Global Price Transmission and Vulnerability Mapping Analysis -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Existing Work on Price Transmission -- 12.3 Theoretical Framework -- 12.4 Empirical Model -- 12.5 Data -- 12.6 Results -- 12.6.1 Transmission from the FAO Food Price Index -- 12.6.2 Vulnerability Mapping: How Many Poor People Are Affected by Global Price Changes? -- 12.6.3 Pass-Through and Equilibrium Effects -- 12.6.4 Robustness Checks -- 12.6.4.1 Significance Levels -- 12.6.4.2 CPI-Deflated Food Prices -- 12.6.4.3 OLS Versus Newey-West -- 12.7 Conclusions -- Appendix -- International Reference Prices and Price Indices -- Robustness Checks for Transmission to Grain Price Index -- Price Transmission from Individual Grain Prices -- References -- 13 Transmission of Food Price Volatility from International to Domestic Markets: Evidence from Africa, Latin America, and South Asia -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Previous Research on Transmission of Prices and Volatility -- 13.3 Methodology -- 13.4 Data -- 13.5 Results -- 13.6 Discussion -- 13.7 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Part IV National and Regional Responses to Food Price Volatility -- 14 India's Food Security Policies in the Wake of Global Food Price Volatility -- Abbreviations -- 14.1 Backdrop -- 14.2 Global Rice and Wheat Markets and India -- 14.3 Rice and Wheat Policy: Trade and Domestic -- 14.3.1 Grain Policy: Trade -- 14.3.2 The 2007-2008 Global Price Hikes and India's Response -- 14.3.3 Impact of Global Prices on Domestic Prices -- 14.3.4 Indian Rice and Wheat Competitiveness -- 14.3.5 Grain Policy: Domestic. , 14.3.6 National Food Security Mission 2007-2008 -- 14.3.7 National Food Security Act, 2013 -- 14.3.8 Second Green Revolution -- 14.4 Lessons Learned and the Way Forward -- Appendix -- References -- Data Sources -- 15 The Costs and Benefits of Regional Cooperation on Grain Reserves: The Case of ECOWAS -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Food Reserves, Trade, and Benefits of Regional Cooperation -- 15.3 Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Cooperation -- 15.4 Optimal Stocks and Stocking Rule -- 15.4.1 Emergency Reserve -- 15.4.2 Stabilization Reserve -- 15.5 Results -- 15.5.1 Supply Patterns in West Africa -- 15.5.2 Emergency Reserve -- 15.5.2.1 Emergency Reserve Without Intra-regional Trade -- 15.5.3 Emergency Reserve with Intra-Regional Trade -- 15.5.4 Stabilization Reserve -- 15.6 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 16 Regional Trade and Volatility in Staple Food Markets in Africa -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Regional Potential for the Stabilization of Domestic Food Markets Through Trade -- 16.3 The Scope for Specialization and Regional Trade Expansion in Agriculture -- 16.4 The Outlook for Regional Cross-Border Trade and Market Volatility Under Alternative Scenarios -- 16.4.1 The Regional Trade Simulation Model -- 16.4.2 Intra-trade Simulation Results -- 16.4.3 Regional Market Volatility Under Alternative Policy Scenarios -- 16.5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 17 ASEAN Food Reserve and Trade: Review and Prospect -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 ASEAN Food Market Structure -- 17.3 National Food Reserves in Southeast Asia -- 17.3.1 Benefits and Costs of National Reserves -- 17.4 Regional Food Reserve Cooperation -- 17.4.1 The Benefits and Costs of Regional Reserves -- 17.5 WTO Rules on Public Reserve -- 17.6 Conclusion and Policy Implication -- Appendix -- References. , 18 When Do Prices Matter Most? Rice, Wheat, and Corn Supply Response in China.

Additional Edition: Print version: Kalkuhl, Matthias Food Price Volatility and Its Implications for Food Security and Policy Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2016 ISBN 9783319281995

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ISBN: 9783748925958

Series Statement: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht Band 308

Content: In fünf Teilen bietet diese Arbeit eine Analyse der sog. Rechtsstaatlichkeitskrise der EU. Ausgehend von den begriffliche Grundlagen und einer Erörterung des Rechtsstaatsbegriffs widmet sich die Arbeit zunächst den mitgliedstaatlichen Entwicklungen, die die Rechtsstaatlichkeitskrise ausmachen, insbesondere in Polen und Ungarn. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Leitthese der Arbeit: Dass und warum es gelingen muss, die Maßnahmen in Reaktion auf die Rechtsstaatlichkeitskrise als „Verfassungsaufsicht in der Europäischen Union“ zu begreifen. Hierauf aufbauend werden im vierten Teil die Instrumente der unionalen Verfassungsaufsicht dargestellt. Im fünften Teil schließt die Arbeit mit einem Blick auf Entwicklungsperspektiven.

Content: This book offers, in five parts, an analysis of the so-called rule of law crisis in the EU. The first part focuses on the concepts that help to understand the rule of law crisis, in particular that of “systemic deficiencies in the rule of law”. In order to shine light on the complex concept of “rule of law” included in Art. 2 TEU, the author focusses on the operationalisation of the rule of law in recent CJEU jurisprudence. The second part of the book is devoted to developments in certain Member States that make up the rule of law crisis. Special attention is paid to Poland and Hungary. The third part deals with the main thesis of the book: why it is useful to conceive of the measures taken in response to the rule of law crisis as "constitutional supervision” in EU law. The merits and roots of this concept are discussed in detail. On this basis, the fourth part presents the core of the analysis: the different mechanisms of EU constitutional supervision. After introducing its different actors, the work focuses on the activities of the European Commission. The final part concludes with an outlook.

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 549-579 , Dissertation Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 2020

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Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Schmidt, Matthias Verfassungsaufsicht in der Europäischen Union Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2021 ISBN 9783848781867

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Subjects: Law

Keywords: Europäische Union ; Verfassung ; Aufsicht ; Hochschulschrift

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Content: "When European societies win the fight against Covid-19, a democratic reckoning will start. This book explains why. Have democracies successfully mastered the challenges of the pandemic? How has the Corona virus impacted democratic principles, processes and values? At the heels of the worst public health crisis in living memory, this book shines an unforgiving light on the side-lining of parliaments, the ruling by governmental decrees and the disenfranchisement of the people in the name of fighting Covid-19. Pandemocracy in Europe situates the dramatic impact of Covid-19, and the fight against the virus, on Europe's democracies. Throughout its 20 contributions the book sets the theoretical stage and answers the democratic questions engaged by health emergencies. Eight national case studies - UK, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Switzerland, France and Estonia - show, each time with a pronounced focus on a particular element of democracy, how different states reacted to the pandemic. The book also shifts the analytical gaze beyond the nation state towards international settings, looking at the effects on the European Union and considering the impact on the nationalistic and populist movements. Bridging disciplines and uniting a stellar cast of scholars on democracy, rule of law and constitutionalism, the book provides contours and nuances to a year of debates in political science, international relations and law on the impact of the virus on democracies. In times of uncertainty, Pandemocracy in Europe provides analysis and answers to the democratic challenges of the coronavirus."--

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Additional Edition: ISBN 9781509946365

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781509946402

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Pandemocracy in Europe Oxford : Hart, 2022 ISBN 9781509946365

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Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung

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Author information: Lachmayer, Konrad 1978-

Author information: Kettemann, Matthias C. 1983-

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ISBN: 9783839456668

Series Statement: Soziologie der Nachhaltigkeit Band 2

Content: Während Klimaforschung lange als rein naturwissenschaftliches Unterfangen galt, wird sie seit den 2010er Jahren zunehmend auch in den Sozialwissenschaften betrieben. Die Popularisierung in und außerhalb der Wissenschaft hat dabei nicht nur zu neuen Problembezügen geführt, sondern auch eine wachsende Unübersichtlichkeit produziert: Es ist ein Bedarf entstanden, disziplinäre Einstiegspunkte, interdisziplinäre Anschlussmöglichkeiten und transdisziplinäre Austauschgelegenheiten zu sondieren. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes rezensieren zentrale Schlüsselwerke der sozialwissenschaftlichen Klimaforschung und ermöglichen so einen ersten Zugang zum sowie eine Orientierung im Forschungsfeld

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Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Schlüsselwerke der sozialwissenschaftlichen Klimaforschung Bielefeld : transcript, 2022 ISBN 9783837656664

Additional Edition: ISBN 3837656667

Language: German

Subjects: Sociology

Keywords: Klima ; Klimatologie ; Sozialwissenschaften

DOI: 10.1515/9783839456668

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Author information: Besio, Cristina 19XX-