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Edition: Online-Ausg

Content: May 2000 - Reformers of China's state enterprises should realize that more could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. And more efficient capital allocation, by reducing the pressure on labor, would bring larger gains at a lower social cost. Chen and Diwan estimate the costs and benefits of labor retrenchment in state-owned industrial enterprises in China. Their results indicate the prevalence of low and stagnant labor productivity, low capital productivity, and excessively high wages in the state sector for the period reviewed (1994-97). The private sector exhibited consistently greater productivity. The authors' most striking finding: A greater gain could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. Their simulation results for 1996 estimate that 43 percent of the workers in state enterprises and 70 percent of the capital are redundant. By itself, a transfer of labor from the public to the private sector at the current magnitude (20 percent of the labor force) would secure only 2 percent gains in output. A transfer of 10 percent of both capital and labor would achieve a greater efficiency gain than transferring the full 43 percent of redundant workers. This is partly because the private sector uses capital more efficiently than the public sector and partly because it needs capital to hire workers transferred from the public sector. Their results suggest that reform in state enterprises should concentrate more on the efficiency of capital allocation, not just on labor retrenchment. More efficient capital allocation would reduce the pressure on labor and would bring larger gains at a lower social cost. This paper - a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to study the architecture of reform. The authors may be contacted at ychen@dol.eta.gov or idiwan@worldbank.org

Additional Edition: Chen, Yi When the Bureaucrats Move out of Business

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 46 Seiten) , 28 cm

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Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1415

Note: "January 1995 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-46)

Additional Edition: Ren, Ruo'en An expenditure-based bilateral comparison of gross domestic product between China and the United States

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26, [12] Seiten) , ill , 28 cm

Edition: Online-Ausg

Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1902

Note: "March 1998"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-26)

Additional Edition: Ravallion, Martin When economic reform is faster than statistical reform

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten))

Edition: Online-Ausg

Content: May 2000 - The literature on privatization has overlooked how the tax status of the company to be privatized will affect the firm's, and the country's, financial transition. Privatization has been a popular strategy for improving efficiency in both market and transition economies. The literature on privatization includes broad discussions of pricing techniques but overlooks tax issues. In reality, a state-owned company loses its privilege of paying no taxes once it is privatized. This change in tax status would certainly complicate the financial transition of a newly privatized company, affect industrywide economic efficiency, and change the revenue pattern of governments. Using Ontario Hydro and the Canadian tax regime as examples, Mintz, Chen, and Zorotheos provide policymakers with a checklist on tax issues under privatization. Their main observations: · The tax status of the company to be privatized must be considered in analyzing the firm's financial transition.

Content: · The economic efficiency targeted by privatization may depend partly on the tax regime for a particular industry. · Privatization affects government revenue through the revenue-sharing structure determined by intergovernmental fiscal relationships and cross-border tax arrangements. Time is a factor in tax and transition issues. At the time of privatization, for example, how are assets to be valued for calculating capital gains and cost deductions, for tax purposes? Are the assets transferred to the new owners at fair market value, book value, or at cost, for tax purposes? How should heavy debt loads be treated? Ontario Hydro will not be privatized but it will become taxable. How the taxes will be paid will depend on how the transition is treated. Tax policy will be a key determinant of the industry's future development.

Content: This paper - a product of the Governance, Regulation, and Finance Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation

Additional Edition: Mintz, M. Jack Taxing Issues with Privatization

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten))

Edition: Online-Ausg

Content: August 2000 - Between 1987 and 1998, the incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Too little economic growth in the poorest countries and persistent inequalities (in income and other measures) are the main reasons for the disappointing rate of poverty reduction. Drawing on data from 265 national sample surveys spanning 83 countries, Chen and Ravallion find that there was a net decrease in the total incidence of consumption poverty between 1987 and 1998. But it was not enough to reduce the total number of poor people, by various definitions. The incidence of poverty fell in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, changed little in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, and rose in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The two main proximate causes of the disappointing rate of poverty reduction: too little economic growth in many of the poorest countries, and persistent inequalities (in both income and other essential measures) that kept the poor from participating in the growth that did occur. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to monitor progress against poverty in the developing world. The authors may be contacted at schen@worldbank.org or mravallion@worldbank.org

Additional Edition: Ravallion, Martin How Did the World's Poorest Fare in the 1990s?

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , ill , 28 cm

Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print

Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2198

Content: China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement

Note: "October 1999"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-23)

Additional Edition: Wang, Hua How the Chinese system of charges and subsidies affects pollution control efforts by China's top industrial polluters

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten) , ill , 28 cm

Edition: Online-Ausg

Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1694

Note: "December 1996"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28)

Additional Edition: Ravallion, Martin What can new survey data tell us about recent changes in distribution and poverty?

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures

Content: Chinese Americans are the migrants and their descendants who migrated from China to the United States, starting in approximately 1848. This file contains fifteen documents covering the time period from ca. 1848 to the 1980s. These documents deal with Chinatowns located in several American cities (e.g., San Francisco, New York City), plus additional data on the Chinese American populations in such regional areas as the Monterey Bay region of California, and Hawaii. Much of the file deals with the history of the migration of the Chinese to the United States and the restrictive immigration policies applied to them by the United States government. Additional topics that appear in all the documents in this file are those of the discriminatory and racist practices imposed on the Chinese immigrants by the Caucasian American society, cultural adaptation and acculturation, Chinese associations, and ethnic businesses (e.g., restaurants, laundries, and groceries)

Note: Culture summary: Chinese Americans - John Beierle - 1995 -- - The challenge of the American dream: the Chinese in the United States - Francis L. K. Hsu - 1971 -- - The Chinese experience in America - Shih-shan Henry Tsai - 1986 -- - Longtime Californ': a documentary study of an American Chinatown - Victor G. and Brett de Bary Nee - 1986 -- - Chinatown: most time, hard time - Chalsa M. Loo, et al. - 1991 -- - Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco Chinatown and its people - Thomas W. Chinn - 1989 -- - Chinese gold: the Chinese in the Monterey Bay region - Sandy Lydon - 1985 -- - Valley City: a Chinese community in America - Melford S. Weiss - 1974 -- - A Chinese American community: ethnicity and survival strategies - by Bernard P. Wong - 1979 -- - Chinatown, economic adaptation and ethnic identity of the Chinese - by Bernard P. Wong - 1982 -- , - Social and political change in New York's Chinatown: the role of voluntary associations - Chia-ling Kuo - 1977 -- - Chinatown: the socioeconomic potential of an urban enclave - Min Zhou ; foreword by Alejandro Portes - 1992 -- - Chinatown no more: Taiwan immigrants in contemporary New York - Hsiang-shui Chen - 1992 -- - The new Chinatown - Peter Kwong - 1987 -- - Sojourners and settlers: Chinese migrants in Hawaii - Clarence E. Glick - 1980 -- - Additional bibliography on Chinese in the United States - Human Relations Area Files - [1994]

Language: English

Subjects: Ethnology

Keywords: Chinesen

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

Series Statement: eHRAF World Cultures

Content: The Taiwan Hokkien collection consists of 64 documents, all in English. None of the 64 documents maybe considered a comprehensive general survey of Taiwanese Hokkien culture or society. Given the variability of cultural forms among Hokkien, in such institutional realms for example, as kinship and religion, it is doubtful that such a survey could even be written. Yet it is precisely this variability, and the highly sophisticated use of social theory employed in many of these documents, that make this collection extremely rich for cross-cultural or comparative studies (researchers should check for time and place coverage to determine the specific collection focus for the document he or she is using, since the generalizations made by authors often apply only to specific fieldwork locales rather than to the entire collection unit). Specific areas of inquiry for which the cross-cultural researcher will find this collection rewarding include the relationship between varieties of religious belief and community structure, the relationship of ecology and settlement patterns to lineage organization, and patterns of family/household organization

Note: Culture summary: Taiwan Hokkien - Ian Skoggard and Michael A. Marcus (file evaluation and indexing notes) - 1995 -- - Hsin Hsing, Taiwan: a Chinese village in change - Bernard Gallin - 1966 -- - Marriage and adoption in a Hokkien village - Arthur Paul Wolf - 1965 (1969) -- - The house of Lim: a study of a Chinese farm family - Margery Wolf ; foreword by Maurice Freedman - 1968 -- - An ethnographic description of Sanlei Ts'un, Taiwan, with emphasis on women's roles: overcoming research problems caused by the presence of a great tradition - William Kester Barnett - 1971 -- - Kinship & community in two Chinese villages - Burton Pasternak - 1972 -- - The cult of the dead in a Chinese village - Emily M. Ahern - 1973 -- - Women and the family in rural Taiwan - Margery Wolf - 1972 -- - Gods, ghosts, and ancestors: the folk religion of a Taiwanese village - David K. Jordan - 1972 -- , - K'un Shen: a Taiwan village - Norma Diamond - 1969 -- - Belief and unbelief in a Taiwan village - Clyde Stevan Harrell - 1975 [1983 copy] -- - Ying-ting: a cultural-ecological study of a Chinese mixed cropping village in Taiwan - Chung-min Chen - 1976 [1983 copy] -- - A Chinese marketing community: an historical ethnography of Ta-ch'i, Taiwan - Paul Steven Sangren - 1980 [1983 copy] -- - The cultural bases of factional alignment and division in a rural Taiwanese township - J. Bruce Jacobs - 1976 -- - Religion and ritual in Lukang - Donald R. DeGlopper - 1974 -- - Religious organization in the history of a Taiwanese town - Shih-ch'ing Wang - 1974 -- - Domestic and communal worship in Taiwan - Stephan Feuchtwang - 1974 -- - Taiwanese architecture and the supernatural - Sung-hsing Wang - 1974 -- - When a ghost becomes a god - C. Stevan Harrell - 1974 -- - Affines and the rituals of kinship - Emily Martin Ahern - 1974 -- - The written memorial in Taoist ceremonies - Kristofer M. Schipper - 1974 -- , - Orthodoxy and heterodoxy in Taoist ritual - Michael Saso - 1974 -- - Migration and family change in central Taiwan - Alden Speare Jr. - 1974 -- - The integration of village migrants in Taipei - Bernard Gallin & Rita S. Gallin - 1974 -- - Social structure in a nineteenth-century Taiwanese port city - Donald R. DeGlopper - 1977 -- - Child training and the Chinese family - Margery Wolf - 1978 -- - The power and pollution of Chinese women - Emily M. Ahern - 1978 -- - Doing business in Lukang - Donald R. DeGlopper - 1978 -- - Government enterprise and village politics - Chung-min Chen - 1981 -- - Social organization in Hai-shan - Stevan Harrell - 1981 -- - Continuities in land tenure, 1900-1940 - Edgar Wickberg - 1981 -- - Subethnic rivalry in the Ch'ing period - Harry J. Lamley - 1981 -- - Women asking women: an ethnography of health care in rural Taiwan - Katherine Gould-Martin - 1977 -- - Ploughshare village: culture and context in Taiwan - Stevan Harrell - c1982 -- - Additional bibliography for Taiwan Hokkien - Human Relations Area Files - 1993 -- , - Property and family division - Lung-sheng Sung - 1981 -- - The sexual politics of karmic retribution - Gary Seaman - 1981 -- - The Thai Ti Kong festival - Emily Martin Ahern - 1981 -- - A Chinese pioneer family: the Lins of Wu-feng, Taiwan, 1729-1895 - Johanna Menzel Meskill - 1979 -- - Aspects of ancestor worship in northern Taiwan - Arthur P. Wolf - 1976 -- - The ancestors at home: domestic worship in a land-poor Taiwanese village - C. Stevan Harrell - 1976 -- - Chinese geomancy and ancestor worship: a further discussion - Yih-yuan Li - 1976 -- - Ancestors proper and peripheral - Sung-hsing Wang - 1976 -- - The symbolism of popular Taoist magic - John Linwood McCreery - 1974 [1983 copy] -- - Town and country: central-place theory and Chinese marketing systems - Lawrence William Crissman - 1974 [1983 copy] -- - Local politics in rural Taiwan: a field study of KUAN-HSI, face, and faction in Matsu township - Jeffrey Bruce Jacobs - 1976 [1983 copy] -- , - The effect of household composition on the child rearing practices of Taiwanese families - Nancy Johnston Olsen - 1971 [1983 copy] -- - Prosperity Settlement: the politics of PAIPAI in Taipei, Taiwan - Hill Gates Rohsenow - 1974 [1983 copy] -- - City on the sands: social structure in a nineteenth-century Chinese city - Donald Robert DeGlopper - 1974 [1983 copy] -- - Marriage and adoption in China, 1845-1945 - Arthur P. Wolf and Chieh-shan Huang - 1980 -- - Agricultural degradation: changing community systems in rural Taiwan - Shu-min Huang - 1978 [1983 copy] -- - Temple organization in a Chinese village - Gary Worth Seaman - 1974 [1983 copy] -- - Domestic architecture in Taiwan: continuity and change - Emily M. Ahern - 1979 -- - Political factionalism and its impact on Chinese village social organization in Taiwan - Bernard Gallin - 1986 -- - A case study of the dynamics of family law and social change in rural China - David C. Buxbaum - 1978 -- - Rural to urban migration in Taiwan: its impact on Chinese family and kinship - Bernard Gallin - 1978 -- - Modernization and household composition in Taiwan - William L. Parish - 1978 -- , - Growing old in rural Taiwan - Stevan Harrell - 1981 -- - Chinese-style and Western-style doctors in northern Taiwan - Emily M. Ahern - 1975 -- - Traditional and modern psychiatric care in Taiwan - Wen-shing Tseng - 1975 -- - Medical systems in a Taiwan village: ONG-IA-KONG, the plague god as modern physician - Katherine Gould Martin - 1975 -- - Sacred and secular medicine in a Taiwan village: a study of cosmological disorders - Emily M. Ahern - 1975 -- - The concept of soul in Chinese folk religion - Stevan Harrell - 1979 -- - Segmentation in Chinese lineages: a view through written genealogies - Emily Martin Ahern - 1976 -- - Mediation in changing Chinese society in rural Taiwan - Bernard Gallin - 1967

Language: English

Subjects: Ethnology

Keywords: Taiwan

URL: Volltext

Author information: Martin, Emily 1944-

Author information: Feuchtwang, Stephan 1937-

Author information: Schipper, Kristofer 1934-2021

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Format: 208 S. , Ill.

Edition: 1. Aufl.

Series Statement: Profiline

Note: Lizenz des Verl. Addison-Wesley-Longman, Bonn. - Ausg. im Verl. Addison-Wesley-Longman, Bonn, u.d.T.: Die Windows-NT-Registrierung , kart.

Language: German

Subjects: Computer Science

Keywords: Windows NT ; Konfigurationsdatenbank