Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 245 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten , 6 Karten

Serie: Report / Environmental-Social Committee. Northern Pipelines. Task Force on Northern Oil Development 73,39

Inhalt: The primary objective of this study was to obtain reconnaissance data about modern river and coastal environments for the Yukon coastal plain between the Mackenzie Delta and the Alaskan border that would be useful in future decision making about development of the area.

Anmerkung: Kartenbeilage No. 1 unter dem Titel: River basins, Yukon coastal plain , Kartenbeilage No. 2 unter dem Titel: Progression of break-up and freeze-up along Yukon coast, and directions of long-shore drift , Kartenbeilage No. 3 unter dem Titel: Herschel Island - coastal change, 1944-1970 , Kartenbeilage No. 4 unter dem Titel: Phillips Bay - Kay Point - Babbage Bright - coastal change, 1944-1970 , Kartenbeilage No. 5 unter dem Titel: Babbage Bright - King Point - coastal change, 1954-1970 , Kartenbeilage No. 6 unter dem Titel: Nunaluk Spit - coastal change, 1952-1970, sediment textures, and offshore bathymetric profile , CONTENTS SUMMARY 1.1. Objectives of the Study 1.1.1. River Objectives. 1.1.2. The Coastal Objectives 1.2. Scientific Conclusions 1.2.1. Rivers 1.2.2. Coast 1.3. Implications and Reconnnendations 1.3.1. Rivers 1.3.2. Coast 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1. General Nature and Scope of Study 2.2. Specific Objectives 2.2.1. Rivers 2.2.2. Coast 2.3. Relevance to Pipeline Development 2.4. Acknowledgements 3. CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE 4. STUDY AREA 4.1. Physiography 4.2. Climate 4.3. General Geology 5. SOURCES, METHODS, AND RATIONALE OF DATA COLLECTION 5.1. Rivers 5.1.1. Drainage Basin Characteristics Area Shape Hypsometry Hydrograph estimation 5.1.2. River Valleys 5.1.3. River Channels 5.1.4. River Hydraulics and Discharge Estimation 5.1.5. Sediment Transport Bedload Suspended and dissolved load 5.1.6. Channel Stability Bed Scour Lateral Stability 5.2. Coast 5.3. Laboratory Techniques 6. RESULTS 6.1. Rivers 6.1.1. Drainage Basin Characteristics Area Shape Hypsometry Hydrology and hydrograph estimation 6.1.2. River valley and long profiles 6.1.3. Channel pattern and channel form 6.1.4. River hydraulics and discharge estimation 6.1.5. Sediment transport Bedload Suspended and dissloved load 6.1.6 Channel stability Bed scour Lateral stability 6.2. Coast 6.2.1. Sea-ice conditions General pattern during summer season Break-up 6.2.2. Coastal erosion Introduction Alaska borer to mouth of Firth River Herschel Island Herschel Island to the Babbage River delta Kay Point to King Point King Point to Sabine Point Sabine Point to Blow River delta 6.2.3. Coastal sedimentation General patterns of near-shore sediment movement Beaches and spits - general form and sediment types Areal variations and stability of near-shore sediment bodies International border to Komakuk Beach Komakuk Beach to Herschel Island Herschel Island Herschel Island to Babbage River delta Kay Point spit Kay Point to Sabine Point Sabine Point to Blow River delta 6.2.4. Major coastal deltas Firth River fan delta Babbage River delta Running River delta Blow River delta 7. DISCUSSION 7.1. Rivers 7.2. Coast 8. CONCLUSIONS 8.1. Rivers 8.2. Coast 9. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1. Rivers 9.1.1. General scientific 9.1.2. Matters relevant to pipeline activity 9.2. Coast 9.2.1. General scientific 9.2.2. Matters relevant to pipeline activity 10. NEEDS FOR FURTHER STUDY 11. REFERENCES 12. NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 13. APPENDIX: HYDRAULIC, SEDIMENTOLOGIC AND GEOMORPHIC DATA FOR EACH RIVER REACH STUDIED

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

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Umfang: ii, 6 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 76-24

Inhalt: Chemical analysis of surface snows and deeper ice core samples from Milcent, Greenland, indicates a marine origin for Na and Cl and a terrestrial origin for Al, Mn and V. Pre-1900 enrichment factors, based on average crustal composition, are high for Zn and Hg and appear to be related to their volatility. A comparison of pre-1900 and 1971-1973 concentrations of V and Hg shows no decided increase from industrial production; however, the abundance of Zn (relative to Al) increased three-fold during this time period. The chemical composition of ancient ice is extremely useful in interpreting modern aerosols.

In: CRREL Report, 76-24

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9540

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Umfang: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 347

Inhalt: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Experimental. - Results and discussion. - Applications. - Literature cited.

Inhalt: Chemical analysis of century-old ice from continuous 5 to 7 year intervals of three ice cores from south and central Greenland (Dye 3, Milcent and Crete) show maximum concentrations of Na, Mg,Ca, K, and Al during early spring and minimum concentrations during late summer and early fall. Peak spring values are as much as 10 times greater than fall values. Because of the large seasonal chemical variations, samples used for depth-age or annual deposition rate studies must represent accumulation from exactly one year or whole multiples of a year. The seasonal chemical variations seem promising as a new method of defining annual layers and thus dating old ice cores.

Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-347

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 347

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA021319

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Umfang: iii, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 283

Inhalt: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Determination of CEC of earth materials using isotopic exchange. - Determination of CEC of earth materials using isotopic labeling. - Appendix: Procedure for determination of CEC of earth materials by isotopic labeling.

Inhalt: Two radiochemical methods were investigated for determining the cation exchange capacity of earth materials having a wide range in physicochemical properties. The first method attempted was unsuccessful but involved determination of the radioactivity of a 22Na-NaOAc solution in isotopic equilibrium with a Na+-saturated mineral phase. The logic of this method is presented in order to illustrate principles of isotopic exchange in mineral systems. The method finally adopted is based upon determination of the radioactivity of a salt-free, Na+-saturated mineral sample prepared using a radioactive NaOAc solution with a known 22Na-NaOAc composition. This method is less time-consuming and more accurate than the conventional ammonium acetate method for cation exchange capacity determinations.

Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-283 , Online frei verfügbar

In: Research report

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5975372

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Umfang: iv, 13 S. : graph. Darst.

Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 340

Inhalt: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Appendix.

Inhalt: The equations describing water movement in a dry snow cover are derived and examples of flow through ripe, refrozen and fresh snows are given. The grain size of snow has a large effect on the timing of water discharge. Water is retained by dry snow to raise its temperature and satisfy the irreducible water saturation. These requirements delay and reduce runoff following rain on dry snow.

Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-202-340 , Online frei verfügbar

In: Research report

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6127/rec/2

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Umfang: 97 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: SIPRE report 30

Inhalt: Mining Research Corporation, Inc., under contract with Snow Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, conducted explosion tests in frozen Keweenaw silt, to determine; (1) the most efficient type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground, (2) the fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge, (3) the proper position of the charge relative to the frozen-ground interface, (4) the feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material, and (5) the effect of the diameter of the borehole and of the shape of the charge upon the resultsof blasting. Information obtained from the tests applies to the specific problem of excavating in frozen ground and to fundamental explosives research. Conclusions and recommendations based on this information are presented here concerning the feasibility of using explosives for fox-holes in frozen ground; methods of placing the charge; mechanics of crater formation; the crater equation; future instrumentation; classification of explosives; and correlation of blast data.

Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-201-30 , CONTENTS Preface Abstract Chapter I. Introduction to problem 1. Previous attempts at blasting frozen ground 2. Necessity for fundamental approach 3. Terminology 4. Description, objectives, and scope of the Keweenaw Tests 5. Selection of explosives 6. Classification and properties of commercial explosives 7. Characteristics of explosives in the Keweenaw Tests 8. Comparison of Atlas, Hercules, and Du Pont nitroglycerine-base explosives Chapter II. Test program Section I. Field tests 1. General 2. Test site 3. Field test procedure a. Site preparation b. Instrumentation c. Snow removal d. Determining depth of frozen ground e. Soil sampling and coring f. Layout of the test site g. Spacing of blast holes h. Blast-hole drilling i. Blasting procedure j. Field analysis and crater surveys k. Data-sheet computations l. Photography Section II. Laboratory tests 1. Soil handling and storage 2. Soil classification tests a. Specimen preparation b. Test procedure c. Test results 3. Tests to determine stress-strain relationship a. General b. Specimen preparation for unconfined compression tests c. Test procedure d. Results e. Observations Chapter III. Analysis of blast tests Section I. Mechanics of crater formation in frozen Keweenaw silt 1. Introduction 2. Shock phenomena 3. Expansion of the gas bubble 4. Rupture of surface and conversion of pressure head to velocity head Section II. Blast Test A - Relationships of explosive, radius of crater, volume of crater, and depth of crater 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section Ill. Blast Test B - Energy utilization in blasting 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observation Section IV. Blast Test C - The frozen-ground interface 1. Introduction 2. Relation of frozen-ground interface to scaling laws 3. Relation between the ratio of chamber volume to crater volume and the volume-utilization factor 4. Increase in volum.e-utilization factor for charges placed below the frozen layer 5. Position of the gas bubble relative to the frozen-ground interface 6. Igloo-type foxhole construction Section V. Blast Test D - Foxhole construction 1. Introduction 2. Application of shaped charges to foxhole construction 3. Application of hand-auget drilling to foxhole construction 4. Conclusions Section VI. Blast Test E - Temperature effect 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section VII. Blast Test F - Effect of charge shape 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusions Chapter IV. Summary of objectives; conclusions and recommendations Section I. Summary of objectives 1. Introduction 2. Objective 1: Most efficientt type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground 3. Objective 2: Fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge 4. Objective 3: Proper position of charge relative to the frozen-ground interface 5. Objective 4: Feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material 6. Objective 5: Effect of diameter of the borehole and shape of charge on results of blasting Section II. Conclusions and recommendations 1. Feasibility of using explosives for constructing foxholes in frozen ground 2. Methods of placing the charge 3. Mechanics of crater formation 4. The crater equation 5. Future instrumentation 6. Classification of explosives 7. Correlation of blast data Appendix: Data sheets, Experiments 1-13

In: SIPRE report, 30

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0115156

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Umfang: iv, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 85-18

Inhalt: Concern over the environmental fate of explosives has brought about the development of sensitive analytical methods for measuring them in groundwater. In turn this concern has been extended to validating the sampling procedures for groundwater. This report addresses the potential effects of residual drilling muds on the analysis for explosive contaminants (TNT, DNT, RDX, and HMX) in monitoring wells. The approach was to determine sorption isotherms for each contaminant. Sorption appeared to be independent of solids concentration. Linear isotherms were obtained for RDX and HMX over a range of analytic concentrations; therefore, a single constant can be used to estimate the amount sorbed when the solution concentration is known. Isotherms for TNT and DNT were not linear, however. Scatchard analysis suggested that the isotherms for these analytes could be resolved into two predominant components: a linear component above a certain sorbed quantity and a Langmuir-type component below this quantity. The experimental data were fitted by regression analysis using the appropriate model. The equations developed can be used to predict the sorbed fraction (analytical bias) for any combination of solids and analyte concentration. The amounts of bentonite found in some existing wells do not appear to be sufficient to cause significant bias in analyses for these explosive contaminants.

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Bentonite and water samples Sorbate solutions Sorption isotherms HPLC analysis Analyte standards Water solubilities Octanol-water partition coefficients Sorption isotherms Freundlich Langmuir BET Scatchard Gibbs Linear Polynomial Results and discussion TNT DNT RDX and HMX Effect of drilling muds on analysis SEM and EDXA analysis of bentonite wells Other studies Summary Literature cited Appendix A : Results for TNT Appendix B: Results for DNT Appendix C: Results for RDX Appendix D : Results for HMX Appendix E: Characteristics of Quik-Gel, Aqua-Gel and well water

In: CRREL Report, 85-18

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA163231

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9305

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Umfang: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: CRREL Report 77-23

Inhalt: This report discusses the relationship between an architect and a behavioral scientist. Some of the discussion applies to this cooperative work for design of buildings. The bulk, however, relates to the cooperation of architect and behavioral scientist while conducting research. Examples from collaborative research at Alaskan military installations are cited which demonstrate the roles and contributions of the two disciplines.

Anmerkung: MAB0014.001: ZSP-201-77/23

In: CRREL Report, 77-23

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA045418

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Umfang: vi, 46, [2] Seiten , Illustrationen , 27 cm

Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 17

Inhalt: Summary: The ice-cored moraine which occurs on the margin of the Greenland Ice Cap, east of Thule Air Base, was investigated during the summers of 1954 and 1955. A synthesis of the field data gathered leads to the following conclusions: 1.) The outer zone of the ice margin is composed of stagnant ice which acts as a barrier to movement of mobile ice from the interior. 2.) The mobile ice overrides the barrier zone in a series of high angle imbricate shears. 3.) These shears carry old ground moraine from the subglacial floor toward the surface. 4.) Differential ablation on the surface results in the formation of ice-cored moraine ridges, parallel to the strike of the shear. 5.) Recent stagnation and recession of the ice margin in the Thule area has resulted in the formation of a belt of successive shear moraines. 6.) Geomorphic processes in addition to ablation (particularly wind action) control the surface expression of the shear moraines. 7.) Subglacial topography is the primary control on the trend of both ice edge and moraine ridges. 8.) The complex Thule Ramp shear moraine has resulted from a faster-moving ice mass to the north overriding the Thule Ramp ice. 9.) The prominent ice cliffs are manifestations of erosion by wind and water. 10.) The tunnel in the Thule Ramp ice cliff indicates a former development of shear moraine in the area. 11.) Structural and geomorphic features indicate glacial cycles in the area of both long and short duration. 12.) The shear moraines in the Thule area offer a possible explanation for the mode of ground moraine deposition in some areas of continental glaciation during the late Pleistocene. The work done in 1954 and 1955 was in the nature of a glacial geomorphologic reconnaissance. Intensive study remains to be done, particularly in the Thule Ramp area, on ice structure, movement, and ablation before a complete understanding of both present and past glacial regimes can be reached.

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Introduction I. Physiographic description of study area II. Structure of the marginal zone of the ice cap III. Geomorphologic processes IV. Recent glacial history of the ice margin

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 17

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/2743

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Umfang: v, 22, A4, B1 Seiten , Illustrationen

Serie: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 115

Inhalt: SUMMARY Between 1 July and 7 August 1960, the U.S. Army Snow Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, supported a £our-man glaciological expedition on the southern dome of the Greenland ice sheet. Measurements of snow temperature, density, ram hardness, and grain size were made at seven pit ~tudies along 191 mileS of over-snow traverse. In addition to the pit studies, 38 Rammsonde profiles were measured and 166 shallow pits were dug to measure temperature in the first meter of snow. The annual accumulation of snow was found to decrease westward, from 97 em water equivalent 50 miles from tP.e east coast, to 40 em 80 miles from the western margin. A possible precipitation shadow was encountered immediately west of the crest line of the ice sheet. The precipitation shadow and the decrease in accumulation westward indicate that the source area for the precipitation lies to the east of the southern dome, in the. Greenland Sea. Temperature profiles in the firn indicated that summer warming was still in progress. During August, melting at an elevation of 2000 m above se~ level was intense (OC in the top 75 em} •. According to the facies classification of glaciers (Benson, 1959, 1960}, most of the study area is in tfie percolation facies, with the possible exception of the westernmost· s.tation (mile l-138) which is at or near the saturation line. The daily heat exchange in the first meter of snow, near the time of maximum melt conditions, is between 20 and '35 cal/cinZ. This is approxi-mately 25o/o of the heat necessary to raise the temperature of a column of firn of unit cross Section and 1 m deep to the melting point. Effective values of thermal conductivity and diffusivity as determined from the temperature curves with no attempt made to isolate radiation and con-vection are, respectively, 4-6 x 10-3 cgs and 20-30 x 10-3 cgs. Radiation and convection in the first meter of firn cause "effective conductivity" values to be 4 to 7 times greater than the value k = 0. 0068pZ given by Abel's (1892), which is the conductivity at greater depths.

Anmerkung: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Method of investigation Location Pit studies Temperature Hardness Density Stratigraphic measurements Thermal studies Stratigraphic features Grain size Grain shape Crusts Discussion of results Temperature Altitude gradient Latitude gradient Depth-density relationship Depth-load relationship Densification Stratigraphic analysis Facies relationship Climatological aspects 1960 meteorological observations Temperature Wind Barometric pressure Radiation Cloudiness Visibility Thermal studies Summary and conclusions References Appendix A Appendix B

In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 115

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Forschungsbericht

URL: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/bitstream/11681/5839/1/CRREL-Research-Report-115.pdf