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  • EUV Frankfurt  (29)
  • SB Großräschen
  • GB Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf
  • Brandt, Nicola  (29)
  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047938705
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Language: French
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047940157
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Content: La création d'entreprises nouvelles et le déclin ou la sortie du marché d'entreprises moins productives sont souvent considérés comme des éléments essentiels du dynamisme des entreprises et de la croissance économique des économies de l'OCDE. Les entreprises nouvelles sont considérées comme particulièrement innovatrices et jouent un rôle important en matière de création d'emplois. Sur la base de ces idées, les responsables politiques estiment souvent que les institutions qui encouragent l'entrée d'entreprises sur le marché peuvent à terme renforcer les performances économiques globales de leur pays. Cette étude utilise une nouvelle base de données internationale sur l'entrée et la sortie, la croissance et la survie d'entreprises compilées par Eurostat afin d'examiner...
    Language: French
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047940259
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931913
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (48 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Notwithstanding impressive progress, poverty and inequality remain high in Chile in OECD comparison, and the tax-benefit system does little to improve on this. The government plans to introduce a new cash transfer for the poor, the Ingreso Ético Familiar. This is a welcome initiative. However, the transfer will be modest by OECD standards, at least initially, and it will be quite narrowly targeted at families living in extreme poverty. Over time, the government should consider increasing the size of this transfer and opening it to a wider range of beneficiaries through gradual benefit withdrawal. Strong support for the poor to find jobs of decent quality will be key to help them overcome poverty in a sustainable way. Ingreso Ético Familiar will come with an employment programme for beneficiaries. This should build on the existing infrastructure of active labour market policies, which will need to improve at the same time. The government should strengthen the capacity of local labour offices and use the current evaluation of training programmes to retain only those of proven effectiveness, while focusing them more on low-skilled workers and the unemployed. Strengthening unemployment benefits, while limiting severance pay, would make employment protection more effective and do more to avoid labour market duality. This Working Paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile)
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047932533
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: With strong economic growth overall and an increasingly important role as a regional economic centre, Luxembourg is experiencing mounting environmental pressures. This is mainly a result of a growing population and a rapid increase in transport, which is dominated by the car, as the number of workers commuting within Luxembourg and from across the border has risen rapidly. Ensuing environmental pressures are sizable, including through CO2 emissions, air pollution and land use changes. Large-scale commuting, combined with low fuel taxes compared to neighbouring countries, has entailed rapid increases in greenhouse gas emissions, which are higher in Luxembourg in per capita terms than almost anywhere else in the OECD. Sound housing policies, urban and transport planning to limit urban sprawl and to promote public transport, and measures to better internalise environmental externalities will be needed to ensure that Luxembourg's economic growth is compatible with environmental and economic sustainability and the well-being of its population. This working paper relates to the 2012 OECD Economic Survey of Luxembourg (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Luxembourg)
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047932537
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Based on the OECD data from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) this paper sheds light on the skills of migrants. In line with earlier research the data show that migrants from Poland are more likely to have a tertiary degree than peers at home, but they often work in elementary professions abroad that do not match these high qualifications. This may well be at least partly a language issue, as migrants from Poland resemble migrants from other low-income countries in that their numeracy and literacy skills in the language of their host country is markedly lower than the average across all PIAAC participants, migrants or not. This gap is smaller, though, when looking only at migrants who report having been tested in a language that they use often and master well. The data reveal an interesting difference with migrants from higher-income countries, as their test results do not differ from the average, although they face the same language issues as other migrants. The reason may well be that only migrants from low-income countries can hope to earn higher wages abroad even if they work in low-skill professions, while migrants from higher-income countries need to master the language of their host country to do well. In fact, Polish migrants earn higher wages than their peers who stayed at home, even though they are particularly often overqualified
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047933411
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: La France consacre d'importants moyens à la formation professionnelle des jeunes et, surtout, des adultes, mais le système est trop complexe et ses résultats sont insuffisants. Les compétences de base en calcul et en compréhension de l'écrit de nombreux adultes restent faibles en France par comparaison avec d'autres pays, ce qui a des répercussions négatives sur les perspectives d'emploi, les salaires et le bien-être. Il est difficile pour ceux qui en ont le plus besoin, dont beaucoup sont issus de milieux socioéconomiques défavorisés, d'accéder à une formation de base. L'enseignement professionnel secondaire et l'apprentissage continuent de pâtir d'une mauvaise image auprès des familles, en dépit des bons résultats enregistrés par l'apprentissage.
    Content: Le nombre de contrats d'apprentissage augmente régulièrement, mais cette progression concerne principalement les élèves qui préparent un diplôme de l'enseignement supérieur ou, au moins, du deuxième cycle du secondaire au moins (baccalauréat) ce qui tient toutefois entièrement aux élèves qui poursuivent des études supérieures. Les diplômés des formations professionnelles dans le secondaire n'enregistrent pas de bons résultats sur le marché du travail et la qualité de ces formations doit être améliorée. Pour ce faire, il faut attirer des enseignants et des tuteurs en entreprise plus qualifiés, afin qu'ils puissent établir des liens plus étroits entre expérience pratique et concepts théoriques. Le financement du système de formation professionnelle des adultes repose sur des mécanismes de collecte qui demeurent complexes en dépit des réformes majeures menées récemment.
    Content: Pour procéder à de nouveaux changements, il faudra faire face à des intérêts profondément enracinés, même si la contribution à la formation professionnelle n'est désormais plus utilisée pour financer les organisations patronales et les syndicats. L'objectif est d'orienter davantage le financement de la formation vers les travailleurs les moins qualifiés dans les petites entreprises et vers les chômeurs, ce qui pourrait être réalisé plus facilement en modifiant la base de financement afin qu'elle repose moins sur les prélèvements imposés aux entreprises et plus sur les incitations fiscales et les subventions directes. Il faut aussi parvenir à une meilleure adéquation entre les responsabilités relatives à la formation des adultes et le contrôle correspondant sur les fonds. Les travailleurs bénéficieront désormais de comptes personnels de formation leur permettant de cumuler des droits à hauteur de 150 heures de formation.
    Language: French
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934122
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Chile has made impressive progress in educational attainment. Yet, despite recent improvements, outcomes, as measured by PISA results, still need to catch up with OECD standards and equity problems should be addressed. One decisive ingredient will be better teachers. Chile should aim to attract qualified individuals to the profession and bolster initiatives to improve initial teacher education and training. A second ingredient will be stronger quality assurance mechanisms. For a long time, Chile has relied to a considerable extent on competition to ensure school quality. But there has been limited success, in part due to very unequal conditions for public and private schools to compete in terms of their ability to select children, their flexibility to employ teachers and in terms of financing. Chile has started to address this by prohibiting the selection of students until 6th grade. The ongoing introduction of a nation-wide quality assurance system based on independent evaluation of results is a welcome complement. Finally, Chile will have to improve outcomes for students with poor results even more than for the rest which would lift the average and improve equity at the same time. The government has recently made important changes to invest more in students from weak socio-economic backgrounds. These extra resources can help to make considerable progress. This Working Paper relates to the 2010 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Chile)
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934135
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism
    Content: This paper reviews the literature and policy discussions about the role of the property tax for land use. Various externalities of the development of land, such as new infrastructure needs, the loss of open space or air pollution due to longer commutes as people locate far from city centres, are not internalised fully by property taxes or other policy instruments and this is often thought to contribute to excessive land use and urban sprawl. The impact of property taxes on land use intensity and sprawl is ambiguous in theory, however, and it depends on tax design, as well as land use regulation policies and other taxes that can influence municipalities' incentives to convert land for development. Yet, there is some evidence suggesting that higher property taxes can limit urban sprawl, in particular when the tax on land is higher than on structures, although effects are small given relatively given a limited price elasticity of land use. Various property tax design options are discussed that may help to better internalise land use related externalities
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047933877
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (49 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: There have been concerns that employment-enhancing reforms along the lines of the 1994 OECD Jobs Strategy could inadvertently lead to increased income inequality and poverty. This paper focuses on the impact of institutions and redistributive policies on inequality and poverty with the view of assessing whether a trade-off between better labour market performance and equity has taken place in OECD countries, notably in the 1990s. During this period, reductions of unemployment have been associated with rising wage dispersion for workers in most OECD countries. Nevertheless, no clear general trend appears for total disposable income inequality and relative poverty among the total population. These developments suggest that gains from higher employment have in general offset the impact of rising wage dispersion. A preliminary econometric analysis for the period 1978- 2000 fails to detect any robust relationship between labour market institutions/policies and inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. Please note that annexes are only available on the OECD Economics Department Website at: www.oecd.org/eco/Working_Papers
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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