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  • EUV Frankfurt  (26)
  • SB Pritzwalk
  • Collegium Polonicum
  • Bibliothek des Konservatismus
  • Kammergericht
  • Kunsthochschule Berlin
  • Bildungsgesch. Forschung
  • SB Herzberg
  • SB Forst (Lausitz)
  • SB Fürstenwalde
  • SB Joachimsthal
  • Kreis- und Fahrbibliothek Lübben
  • SB Uebigau
  • SB Wriezen
  • GB Letschin
  • Bibliothek Lübbenau - Vetschau
  • ÖB Neustadt (Dosse)
  • 2005-2009  (26)
  • de Mello, Luiz  (26)
Type of Medium
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  • EUV Frankfurt  (26)
  • SB Pritzwalk
  • Collegium Polonicum
  • Bibliothek des Konservatismus
  • Kammergericht
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boosting Innovation Performance in Brazil (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047935103
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Brazil's main challenge in innovation policy is to encourage the business sector to engage in productivity-enhancing innovative activities. At 1% of GDP, R&D spending (both public and private) is comparatively low by OECD standards and is carried out predominantly by the government. Most scientists work in public universities and research institutions, rather than in the business sector. Output indicators, such as the number of patents held abroad, suggest that there is much scope for improvement. Academic patenting effort is being stepped up and should be facilitated by the easing of restrictions on the transfer and sharing of proceeds of intellectual property rights between businesses and public universities and research institutions. Innovation policy is beginning to focus on the potential synergies among science and technology promotion, R&D support and trade competitiveness. To be successful in boosting business innovation, these policies will need to be complemented by measures aimed at tackling the shortage of skills in the labour force; this shortage is among the most important deterrents to innovation in Brazil, particularly against the backdrop of a widening gap in tertiary educational attainment with respect to the OECD area
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/357276015553
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effectiveness of Education and Health Spending among Brazilian Municipalities (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934989
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: This paper uses a large dataset combining census, household survey and budgetary data for nearly 4.000 Brazilian municipalities to estimate the impact of government spending on education and health outcomes. We deal with the multi-dimensional nature of the population's social status by estimating structural equation models with latent variables using a limited-information two-stage least square (2SLS) estimator. Robustness of the baseline regressions to heterogeneity in the data is assessed on the basis of quantile regressions. The main empirical findings are that government spending is a powerful determinant of education outcomes, but this is not the case for health, and that spending on non-education programmes are also at least as important. In addition, there appears to be scope for gains in economies of scale in the provision of education and health care services, at least for selected segments of the conditional distribution of social outcomes. Finally, there are cross-sectoral effects in service delivery: health (education) outcomes affect the population's education (health) status. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/brazil)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/222817104376
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Labour Utilisation in Brazil (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047935075
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Labour force participation is comparable to the OECD area for prime-age males. It is somewhat lower for females and is trending down for youths as a result of rising school enrolment. The labour market is placing an increasing premium on skills, making it particularly difficult for the less educated to find a job. Labour informality is pervasive and turnover high, especially for the less educated, discouraging investment in labour training and the acquisition of job-related skills, and perpetuating income disparities. The main policy challenge is to improve labour utilisation by reducing informality and fostering human capital accumulation on and off the job. A stable macroeconomy is a pre-condition for reducing unemployment, but a greater focus on activation within the current policy framework would be advisable. To close the remaining gender gap, female labour force participation in full-time jobs could be encouraged by increasing the supply of affordable child care and pre-school education. Labour turnover can be reduced by mitigating the incentives for negotiated separation, which currently arise from the design of severance insurance (FGTS) in the event of unfair dismissal. Skill marketability can be enhanced through the introduction of a national skills certification system, and labour training can become more cost-effective through increased contestability in existing programmes
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/353720822276
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indonesia: Growth Performance and Policy Challenges (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047935540
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (47 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Indonesia's growth performance is improving, following a slow recovery from the 1997-98 financial crisis. Investment is picking up, despite considerable business-climate obstacles to entrepreneurship. Unemployment remains high, and labour informality is pervasive. Fiscal policy has been conducted responsibly and in an increasingly decentralised manner. Monetary policy is now carried out within a fully-fledged inflation-targeting framework. This paper argues that the main barriers to raising the economy's growth potential are to be found on the supply side of the economy. Indonesia will need to improve the business environment and to make better use of labour inputs to put the economy on a higher growth trajectory. The country's income gap relative to the OECD is sizeable, and several years of sustained growth will be needed to eliminate it. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/236831785800
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Encouraging Labour Force Participation in Chile (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931407
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Chile's labour force participation is low by comparison with most countries in the OECD area, especially among females and youths. In the case of women, labour supply has risen steadily over time for prime-age and older individuals, against a background of relative stability for men. With regards to youths, participation rates are trending down, primarily as a result of rising school enrolment, especially for males, while remaining fairly low and stable over the years for young females. The main policy challenge in this area is to raise female labour supply further, for both prime-age individuals and youths, as a means of making a better use of labour inputs in support of long-term growth. This can be achieved essentially by removing provisions in the labour code that constrain the allocation of working time and by improving access to affordable child care for mothers with young children. Policies aimed at fostering human capital accumulation for the population as a whole would also contribute, because educational attainment is one of the most powerful determinants of labour force participation. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/242103851837
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Does Decentralised Minimum-Wage Setting Affect Unemployment and Informality? : The Case of Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931694
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: The Indonesian labour market is characterised by widespread informality. To some extent, these outcomes can be attributed to a sharp increase in the real value of the minimum wage since 2001, when minimum-wage setting was decentralised to the provincial governments. To test this hypothesis, this paper uses survey data on the labour market (Sakernas), household income and expenditure (Susenas) and the industrial sector (Survei Industri) to construct a district-level dataset spanning the period 1996 to 2004. The effects of changes in the minimum wage on unemployment, formal-sector employment and the incidence of informality in urban areas are estimated separately by fixed effects and jointly by a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimator. Our findings show that an increase in the minimum-to-mean wage ratio is associated with a net increase in employment: a rise in informal-sector employment more than compensates for job losses in the formal sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Assessment of Indonesia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/indonesia)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/222850046464
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fostering Innovation in Chile (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934247
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: A good framework for investment in innovation can contribute to increasing Chile's growth potential. Spending on R&D is currently low in relation to GDP and heavily reliant on government financing. Innovation activity in the business sector is also limited by insufficient seed and venture capital and human capital constraints. This is despite several favourable framework conditions, including a stable macro-economy, liberal foreign trade and investment regimes, and reasonably pro-competition regulations in product markets. The government intends to increase public spending on R&D, to be financed by revenue from the mining tax introduced in May 2005, and to create a National Innovation Council. The effectiveness of these measures will depend largely on the extent to which they will boost business-financed innovation consistent with Chile's comparative advantages. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/835465402444
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Social Security Reform in Brazil : Achievements and Remaining Challenges (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047932267
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: This paper reviews the main elements of social security reform in Brazil since 1998 and discusses areas where further policy action is yet to be taken to ensure the sustainability of the social-security system over time. Outlays on pensions paid to private-sector workers have risen as a result of population ageing and the increase in the value of the minimum wage in real terms, to which the minimum pension is linked. Some features of existing social protection programmes, including means-tested old-age and disability-related benefits, reduce the incentives facing workers to seek social security coverage. At the same time, an expansion of the base of contributions to social security has been constrained by widespread labour informality. Further reform will therefore need to focus on options for containing the rise in social security spending while tackling labour informality so as to broaden the base of contributions
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/353362832738
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Current Account Sustainability in Brazil : A Non-Linear Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047932665
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: The possibility that a country's external current account may adjust nonlinearly to shocks is attracting increasing attention in the empirical literature. To shed further light on this issue in the context of emerging-market economies, this paper uses Brazilian data to estimate the determinants of the current account in a smooth-transition vector-autoregressive (ST-VAR) setting. We allow for the transition parameters and the model coefficients to be estimated simultaneously by non-linear constrained maximum likelihood. We find strong evidence of non-linearity in the VAR when (lagged) government consumption and investment are used as the variables governing transition across regimes. The computation of non-linear impulse response functions suggests that the system's history, as well as the sign and magnitude of shocks, affect the current account's responses to exogenous changes in income, government consumption and investment. In particular, responses to fiscal shocks depend on whether they are positive or negative and whether they follow periods of fiscal expansions or contractions. Current account responses to a positive fiscal impulse are much stronger when conditioned on periods of fiscal expansion (rising government consumption) than retrenchment. The importance of conditioning history and the magnitude of shocks in the current account's response to shocks is confirmed by forecast error variance decomposition analysis
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/223518424256
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Transmission in Brazil : A VECM Approach (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047933686
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: This paper tests for the existence of a bank lending channel in the transmission of monetary policy in Brazil using monthly aggregate data for the period 1995:12 through 2008:6. The test is carried out in a VECM setting that allows for multiple cointegrating relationships among the variables of interest. We find evidence of two cointegrating vectors, which we identify as bank loan demand and supply functions by testing for a number of exclusion and exogeneity restrictions on the cointegrating relationships. Loan supply is negatively related to the interbank deposit certificate rate in the long term, which confirms the existence of a lending channel for monetary transmission. The VECM's short-term dynamics show that loan demand is equilibrium-correcting. But short-term disequilibria in the supply of loans are corrected through changes in the interbank deposit certificate rate, suggesting that monetary policy plays a role in restoring equilibrium in the credit market by affecting the borrowing rate faced by banks to raise non-deposit funds. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/brazil)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/222818683155
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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