UID:
edocfu_9961601415702883
Format:
1 online resource (392 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
90-8890-707-2
Content:
For many centuries, scholars and enthusiasts have been fascinated by Stonehenge, the world's most famous stone circle. In 2003 a team of archaeologists commenced a long-term fieldwork project for the first time in decades. The Stonehenge Riverside Project (2003-2009) aimed to investigate the purpose of this unique prehistoric monument by considering it within its wider archaeological context.This is the second of four volumes which present the results of that campaign. It includes studies of the lithics from excavations, both from topsoil sampling and from excavated features, as well as of the petrography of the famous bluestones, as identified from chippings recovered during excavations. Other specialist syntheses include soil micromorphology. The volume provides an overview of Stonehenge in its landscape over millennia from before the monument was built to the last of its five constructional stages. It includes a chapter placing Stonehenge in its full context within Britain and western Europe during the third millennium BC.
Note:
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Before Stonehenge: the Mesolithic and earlier Neolithic -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Mesolithic activity at and around Stonehenge c. 8000-4000 BC -- 1.2.1 Early Mesolithic pits 200m from Stonehenge -- 1.2.2 Mesolithic settlement and activity -- 1.3 The Early Neolithic c. 3800-3400 BC -- 1.3.1 Feasting: the Coneybury pit -- 1.3.2 Monuments: causewayed enclosures, long barrows and cursuses -- 1.3.3 Settlement activity -- 1.3.4 Overview -- 1.4 The Middle Neolithic c. 3400-3000 BC -- 1.4.1 Small henges, causewayed ring-ditches, pit circles and other penannular enclosures -- 1.4.2 Long mortuary enclosures -- 1.4.3 Human remains -- 1.4.4 Settlement activity -- 1.4.5 The Wilsford Shaft -- 1.4.6 Overview -- Stonehenge Stage 1: the Late Neolithic -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Late Neolithic: Stonehenge Stage 1 (c. 3000-2620 cal BC) -- 2.2.1 The enclosure ditch -- 2.2.2 The cremation burials and unburnt human remains -- 2.2.3 The Aubrey Holes -- 2.2.4 Interior features -- 2.2.5 Features in the northeast entrance -- 2.2.6 Features beyond the northeast entrance -- 2.3 The Late Neolithic in the environs of Stonehenge in Stage 1 -- 2.3.1 Coneybury timber 'circle' and internal setting -- 2.3.2 Bluestonehenge at West Amesbury -- 2.3.3 The Cuckoo Stone -- 2.3.4 Circular enclosures and human remains in the Stonehenge landscape -- 2.3.5 Late Neolithic pits at Woodlands and Ratfyn -- 2.3.6 Bulford Late Neolithic pits -- 2.3.7 The chalk plaque pit east of Stonehenge -- 2.3.8 Durrington flint mines -- 2.3.9 The re-cutting of the Greater Cursus' south ditch -- 2.4 Overview -- Stonehenge Stage 2: the end of the Late Neolithic -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Stonehenge Stage 2 (c. 2620-2480 cal BC) -- 3.2.1 The sarsen trilithons -- 3.2.2 The bluestones in the Q and R Holes -- 3.2.3 The sarsen circle -- 3.2.4 The Station Stones.
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3.2.5 The Slaughter Stone and its two associated stoneholes -- 3.2.6 Possible modi cations to the enclosure ditch and earthworks in the northeast entrance -- 3.2.7 The Heel Stone and its ditch -- 3.2.8 Bringing the sarsen stones to Stonehenge -- 3.2.9 The sarsen-dressing area north of Stonehenge -- 3.3 The final Late Neolithic in the environs of Stonehenge in Stage 2 -- 3.3.1 A domain of the living around the Durrington Walls settlement? Post rows and a cremation burial at the former MoD Headquarters, Durrington -- 3.3.2 Bulford western henge and associated activity -- 3.3.3 Other human remains in the Stonehenge landscape in Stage 2 -- 3.3.4 Durrington Walls settlement and avenue -- 3.3.5 Woodhenge and timber monuments south of Woodhenge -- 3.3.6 Boscombe Down pit circle and pits -- 3.3.7 Larkhill Late Neolithic ring-ditches -- 3.4 Overview -- Stonehenge Stage 3: the Chalcolithic -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Stonehenge Stage 3, the Avenue and West Amesbury henge (c. 2480-2280 cal BC) -- 4.2.1 An inner bluestone circle or arc -- 4.2.2 The large pit against the base of the Great Trilithon -- 4.2.3 The Altar Stone -- 4.2.4 Re-cutting of the enclosure ditch -- 4.2.5 The Stonehenge Archer's burial -- 4.2.6 The Stonehenge Avenue -- 4.2.7 West Amesbury henge -- 4.3 The Chalcolithic: beyond Stonehenge in Stage 3, c. 2400-2100 cal BC -- 4.3.1 Durrington Walls and Woodhenge -- 4.3.2 A ring of pits enclosing the domain around Durrington Walls -- 4.3.3 A post alignment at Larkhill causewayed enclosure -- 4.3.4 The Amesbury Archer and the early Beaker burials -- 4.4 Overview -- Stonehenge Stage 4: the Early Bronze Age -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Stonehenge Stage 4 (c. 2280-2020 cal BC) -- 5.2.1 The inner Bluestone Horseshoe: reviewing the Bluestone Oval -- 5.2.2 The outer Bluestone Circle -- 5.2.3 Beaker pottery within Stonehenge.
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5.2.4 Re-cutting of the Stonehenge Avenue's ditches -- 5.3 Beyond Stonehenge in Stage 4 -- 5.3.1 Beaker burials and round barrows in the landscape -- 5.3.2 Beaker settlement in the Stonehenge landscape -- 5.4 Overview -- Stonehenge Stage 5: the Early-Middle Bronze Age -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Activity at Stonehenge in Stage 5 (c. 2020-1520 cal BC) -- 6.2.1 The Y and Z Holes -- 6.2.2 Bronze Age pottery within Stonehenge -- 6.2.3 Carvings on the sarsen monoliths -- 6.2.4 Working-down of the bluestone monoliths -- 6.2.5 Did the Great Trilithon fall in Stage 5? -- 6.3 Beyond Stonehenge in Stage 5 -- 6.3.1 Wessex I burials -- 6.3.2 Cremation burials -- 6.3.3 Wessex II burials -- 6.3.4 Bronze Age settlement in the Stonehenge landscape -- 6.3.5 Field systems -- 6.3.6 The North Kite 'enclosure' -- 6.3.7 The Stonehenge Palisade Ditch -- 6.4 Overview -- Stonehenge in its context: monuments and society in Britain and western Europe -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The earliest monuments and megaliths in western Europe -- 7.3 The earliest megaliths in Britain and Ireland -- 7.4 Regionalism in Early Neolithic Britain and Ireland -- 7.5 Causewayed enclosures: gathering places of the Early Neolithic in Britain -- 7.6 Cursuses and indigenous developments at the end of the Early Neolithic -- 7.7 The Middle Neolithic: a climate of decline? -- 7.8 Passage tombs of Brú na Bóinne, Anglesey and Orkney -- 7.9 The earliest stone circles: architectural antecedents for Stonehenge Stage 1 -- 7.10 Formative henges and circular cremation enclosures: influences on Stonehenge Stage 1 -- 7.11 Stonehenge's bluestones: catalysts and motivations for building Stonehenge Stage 1 -- 7.12 Houses, henges and Grooved Ware: influences on Stonehenge Stage 2 -- 7.13 First among equals? Durrington Walls, Avebury, Marden and the other great Wessex henges.
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7.14 Developments around 2500 BC: building boom and incipient culture clash -- 7.15 First contact and culture clash: motivations for building Stonehenge Stage 2 -- 7.16 Circles, squares, horseshoes and lintels: designing Stonehenge Stage 2 -- 7.17 Beaker-users established in Britain and the destabilising of the Great Trilithon in Stage 3 -- 7.18 Stonehenge's Stage 4 -- 7.19 Conclusion -- Lithic scatters from the ploughsoil in the Stonehenge landscape -- 8.1 Introduction: investigating the ploughsoil around Stonehenge -- 8.2 Methods of recording and analysis -- 8.3 The ploughsoil lithic assemblages -- 8.3.1 Western end of the Greater Cursus -- 8.3.2 Eastern end of the Greater Cursus -- 8.3.3 Fargo Plantation -- 8.3.4 West Amesbury -- 8.3.5 The Cuckoo Stone -- 8.3.6 The Stonehenge Avenue's 'northern branch' -- 8.3.7 Durrington Walls southern entrance -- 8.3.8 South of Woodhenge -- 8.3.9 The Palisade Field and Stonehenge Down Palisade -- 8.4 Spatial analysis of test-pit data -- 8.4.1 The Palisade Field and Stonehenge Down Palisade: test-pit GIS plots -- 8.4.2 West Amesbury: test-pit GIS plots -- 8.5 Discussion: understanding the activity represented by the lithics from the ploughsoil -- 8.5.1 Mesolithic and earlier Neolithic activity -- 8.5.2 Late Neolithic and Bronze Age activity -- 8.6 Conclusion: reflections and evaluation -- Investigating traditions of stone-working and inhabitation in the Stonehenge landscape: the lithic assemblages of the Stonehenge Riverside Project -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recording methodology -- 9.2.1 A note on the presence/absence of chips and the presentation of frequencies -- 9.3 The flint assemblage and its chronological and contextual distribution -- 9.4 Comparative analysis of the SRP assemblages -- 9.4.1 The analysis of flint-working technology from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age -- 9.4.2 Discussion.
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9.5 The analysis of assemblage composition: flint-working and the inhabitation of the Stonehenge landscape -- 9.5.1 Understanding activity in the Durrington Zone -- 9.5.2 Understanding activity in the Stonehenge Zone -- 9.6 Understanding the relationship between monuments and surface assemblages -- 9.7 Discussion: time and tradition in the Stonehenge landscape -- 9.8 Conclusions -- The petrography of bluestones and other lithics -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Methodology -- 10.3 Aubrey Hole 7, Stonehenge -- 10.3.1 Results -- 10.4 Greater Cursus: east end -- 10.4.1 Results -- 10.5 Greater Cursus: west end (collected by Stone in 1947) -- 10.5.1 Results -- 10.6 Fargo Plantation test pits -- 10.6.1 Methodology -- 10.6.2 Results: Stonehenge-related orthostat lithologies/bluestones -- 10.6.3 Results: possible Stonehenge-related, non-orthostat lithologies -- 10.6.4 Results: non-Stonehenge-related material including modern bulk aggregates -- 10.7 West Amesbury henge and Bluestonehenge -- 10.7.1 Methodology -- 10.7.2 Results: fine-grained gabbro -- 10.7.3 Results: sandstones -- 10.7.4 Results: lithic tuff axehead -- 10.8 Sarsen-dressing area north of Stonehenge -- 10.8.1 Results -- 10.9 Stonehenge Avenue -- 10.9.1 Results -- 10.10 Stonehenge Avenue Bend -- 10.11 Durrington Walls south entrance -- 10.12 Woodhenge -- 10.13 Stonehenge Palisade Field -- 10.13.1 Trench 52 -- 10.13.2 Trench 53 -- 10.13.3 Trench 54 -- 10.14 Archive of detailed macroscopical and microscopical description of the lithics -- 10.14.1 Aubrey Hole 7, Stonehenge -- 10.14.2 Greater Cursus: east end (thin-section sample only) -- 10.14.3 Greater Cursus: west end -- 10.14.4 Fargo Plantation test pits -- 10.14.5 West Amesbury henge and Bluestonehenge -- 10.14.6 Sarsen-dressing area north of Stonehenge (Trench 44) -- 10.14.7 Stonehenge Avenue (Trench 45).
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10.14.8 Stonehenge Avenue Bend (Trenches 46 and 48).
Additional Edition:
Print version: Pearson, Parker Stonehenge for the Ancestors Leiden : Sidestone Press,c2022 ISBN 9789088907050
Language:
English
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