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  • MPI Bildungsforschung  (27)
  • ÖB Kleinmachnow  (16)
  • SB Rheinsberg  (1)
  • Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin
  • 2020-2024  (44)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tailoring Adaptive Social Safety Nets to Latin America and the Caribbean (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273393
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Given this, there is unlocked potential in LAC to effectively respond to disasters by systematically using SSNs when appropriate. This note presents key lessons and design considerations for LAC countries to better usetheir SSNs to help individuals and households prepare, cope and adapt to the shocks they face. While this note focuses on disasters caused by natural hazards, the framework and lessons presented here are applicable to other types of emergencies and shocks
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/34136
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    It Takes Two (to Make Things Right) : Women's Empowerment and Couple Concordance in South Asia (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081945
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten)
    Content: This paper empirically assesses the relevance of women's agency for family health and domestic violence outcomes in South Asia. It discerns three forms of agency by considering how decisions are taken within the household and highlights differences in the intensity of the correlation between these forms of agency and household members' well-being. Decision-making reports are matched by both spouses and classified as: (i) the wife participates in decisions, and both husband and wife agree about her role; (ii) the wife reports participating in decisions, but the husband does not recognize her role, that is, she takes power; and (iii) the husband reports that the wife participates in decisions, but the wife does not, that is, he gives power. Using cross-sectional data from six South Asian countries, the paper finds that the association between all forms of women's agency and the health of their children is statistically significant and economically meaningful. In the cases of being underweight, used prenatal help, and modern use of contraception, and especially in the case of domestic violence, the spousal agreement variant of women's agency has stronger beneficial correlations vis-a-vis the taking power or giving power variants. The paper emphasizes the importance of spousal support and the contextual component of women's agency in South Asia, where social norms mediate women's decision making and outcomes
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9545
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9545
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Post-Disaster Household Assessments and Eligibility Determination for Post-Disaster Social Protection Benefits (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273428
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The frequency and severity of disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have necessitated improving the mechanisms to identify affected individuals and households; assess post-disaster needs and conditions; and determine who will be eligible for post-disaster Social Protection (SP) support. Intended populations for different types of post disaster support vary and are often constrained by fiscal space and resource availability. Rapid increase of SP benefits to existing beneficiaries has been a common and useful SP response to support poor and vulnerable households affected by a shock. However, while LAC exhibits comparatively high coverage of SP programs among the total population and the poorest quintile when compared to other regions, there are still large coverage gaps, particularly in some countries. This further constrains rapid provision of SP benefits to non-beneficiaries or deploying emergency safety nets to affected households. Furthermore, existing SP beneficiaries are not the only persons in need of support in post-disaster contexts, as disasters often push near-poor individuals and households into poverty. This guidance note shares country experiences and provides solutions for effectively assessing post-disaster needs and conditions to inform the provision of post-disaster social protection benefits and services
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/34200
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unequal Households or Communities? : Decomposing the Inequality in Nutritional Status in South Asia (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080391
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 Seiten)
    Content: Half of all undernourished women and children in South Asia are not found in the bottom 40 percent of wealth-poor households. This paper quantifies the extent to which this inequality in nutritional status arises within households versus between households. In contrast to previous literature, it shows that between-household inequality explains 3.5 times as much of the variation as does inequality within households. Within the household, gender, age, and birth order are key correlates of nutritional outcomes. At the household level and accounting for community-level factors, both an index of sanitation infrastructure and the presence of an improved toilet matter independently to household wealth for nutritional outcomes. The paper concludes with a comparison of the effectiveness of targeting undernourishment using household wealth, a community sanitation infrastructure index, and, separately, the proportion of improved toilets in a community. The findings show that access to improved toilets, despite its relative simplicity, performs almost as well as household wealth and better than the community sanitation index. These findings highlight that (a) inequality between households within the same communities is an overlooked but important driver of inequality in nutritional status, and (b) community-level sanitation infrastructure may be a better indicator of nutritional status than more complicated household-level targeting measures
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10009
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10009
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Future of Food : Building Stronger Food Systems in Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Settings (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081015
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals is impossible without addressing fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV), especially as two thirds of the extreme poor are projected to live in such situations by 2030. Conflicts as well as climatic and natural hazards displace millions of people each year. Strengthening food systems can be an essential lever of change that contributes to ending poverty while maintaining and restoring peace. This paper focuses on how stabilizing and improving food systems can have a positive impact in FCVs settings, not just by preventing hunger, but by creating employment and increasing shared prosperity, which may contribute to greater peace. It reflects the four pillars of the World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020-2025 - promote prevention, remain engaged in crisis situations and conflict, help countries transition out of fragility, and mitigate spillover impacts.
    Content: To strengthen food systems across the spectrum of FCV settings, the paper highlights four key areas of focus for practitioners: (i) strengthening governance and institutional capacity by supporting food programs such as those that focus on the welfare of the entire population, rather than just a fraction of it; (ii) preventing and responding to food crises to avoid not only hunger, but also people sliding deeper into poverty; (iii) growing the private sector through agribusiness development, inclusive jobs in agricultural value chains, particularly for women and youth, and rural livelihoods to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty common in FCV settings; and (iv) reducing conflict risk and environmental fragility through resilient and sustainable resource management in ways that help build government legitimacy.
    Content: This paper is rich in practical and tested examples across FCV settings from around the world and makes a strong case for providing development support and assistance in these challenging environments. By setting food systems up for success, governments can invest in the essential foundations of peace and prosperity
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/36497
    DOI: 10.1596/36497
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080143
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (118 Seiten)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Content: This document includes a pragmatic framework for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from used lead acid battery recycling (ULAB) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household survey data, and health outcome data. These guidelines focus on small-scale ULABs that are known to generate significant amounts of lead waste through the smelting process, as well as other metals including arsenic and cadmium.
    Content: A primary concern with lead exposure is the documented association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children as demonstrated by statistically significant reduced performance on a variety of cognitive tests. These associations are evident even in the youngest children, and toxicological and epidemiologic data indicate these effects have no threshold. Other potential exposures include arsenic and cadmium, and exposure to these contaminants is also associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, as well as arsenicosis; bladder, lung, and skin cancers; and renal outcomes. The primary objective of this document is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ULAB activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ULAB sites in low- and middle-income countries.
    Content: To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health outcome data are linked to household survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, and agricultural products) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual, across a representative set of individuals, is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ULAB activities on local populations. The guidelines can also assist in building local capacity toconduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ULAB sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The document includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics.
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781464808202
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1820-2
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080151
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Content: This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden-of-disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological-sampling data, household-survey data, and health-outcome data. This framework focuses on ASGM activities that are known to use and generate mercury (Hg) as well as other metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), depending on the specific ores being mined.
    Content: A particular concern with Hg is the conversion to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic environments, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish that may be locally consumed. Exposures to Hg, MeHg, and Pb are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children. Exposures to Hg and MeHg are also associated with neurological illnesses in adults. Exposures to Pb are associated with renal outcomes in children and adults, and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Exposures to As are associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children, arsenicosis and skin disorders in children and adults, and potential cancers in adults, including skin, bladder, and lung.
    Content: The primary objective of this framework is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ASGM activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ASGM sites in low- and medium-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health-outcome data are linked to household-survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, agricultural products, and fish) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ASGM activities on local populations.
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781464808196
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1819-6
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrating Information Education and Communication Tools to Strengthen Disaster Preparedness and Resilience Among Social Assistance Beneficiaries : Lessons for Indonesia and Beyond (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079806
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: The pressing threats of climate change, and the increased severity and frequency of natural hazards, hinders poverty reduction and resilience across the globe. For Indonesia, these threats are persistent, as the country suffers frequent and severe disasters. For instance, in 2019, Indonesia experienced 3,622 disasters caused by natural hazards. This context creates an added challenge for the 27.54 million Indonesians living in poverty, given that varied analyses examining the impacts of shocks globally, and in Indonesia, have shown that they disproportionately impact the poor. For instance, the dwellings that poor people live in are more exposed to natural hazards; they lose a larger share of their assets when disasters strike; their livelihoods are often dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture; and they lack savings, insurance and other sources of financial protection.
    Content: Furthermore, disasters and other shocks push millions of non-poor households into poverty each year. Globally, frequently occurring shocks push over 24 million households into poverty yearly. Finally, these impacts are not only limited to climate-related disasters, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown. Poor households also face unique communication barriers, including residing in rural areas, limited access to information and internet connectivity, among others. At the same time, social protection benefits and services are critical contributors to poverty reduction. Social assistance programs, in particular, regularly interact with their beneficiaries, who often represent a large share of poor households in countries. These programs are therefore well placed to help individuals and households prepare for, and cope with, the impacts of disasters and adapt to climate change effects.
    Content: This presents an opportunity to foster meaningful disaster preparedness and climate resilience among a critically vulnerable subsection of the population, particularly through beneficiary education and by leveraging Information, Education, And Communications (IEC) tools to support these objectives. This guidance note provides lessons for Indonesia and other countries on the development of IEC tools to improve disaster preparedness and climate resilience among social assistance beneficiaries
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/38103
    DOI: 10.1596/38103
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reviving Markets and Market-Linked Agriculture in South Sudan : Jobs, Recovery, and Peacebuilding in Urban South Sudan - Technical Report III (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048273661
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This study assesses the state of markets and of jobs in market-linked agriculture in the towns of South Sudan. It is based on a 2019 market trader survey end extensive qualitative work. Agriculture provides most urban livelihoods, and there is high potential for raising production. However, insecurity has disrupted all elements of agricultural markets, from production to the transformation of produce, trade networks, and demand. Market activity is recovering, but food system value chains are few and short. While most market activities are small-time and profits slim, most traders rely on their activities for most of their household's income, and many provide jobs for hired helpers. Local products face competition from imports as insecurity makes it difficult for aggregators to operate. A lack of funds, bad and dangerous roads, low demand, and inflation are the most prominent obstacles to business in the markets. The study is one of a set of four reports assessing different aspects of jobs in urban South Sudan in order to formulate policy for recovery
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/34665
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Anatomy of Index Rebalancings : Evidence from Transaction Data (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080984
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Content: This paper exploits a novel dataset covering the universe of transactions in the Colombian Stock Exchange to analyze episodes of additions to and deletions from MSCI equity indexes. The analysis finds that additions and deletions have large price effects: the median cumulative abnormal return in absolute value is 5.5 percent. The paper shows that these price effects are due to large demand shocks by different classes of international investors-not only passive funds and ETFs, but also active mutual funds, pension funds and government funds-which are not absorbed by arbitrageurs. Consistent with recent asset pricing models with limits to arbitrage, stock demand curves are estimated to be very inelastic: the demand elasticity for the median stock in the sample is ?0.34, implying that a 1 percent increase in the demand for the stock increases its price by 2.9 percent
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9770
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9770
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
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