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  • E-Resource  (10)
  • Charité  (9)
  • Akademie d. Wiss.  (1)
  • HWR Berlin
  • Zuse-Institut Berlin
  • Inst. f. Musikforschung
  • SB Eberswalde
  • 1
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Fouilles et etudes 2003 - 2004 : les films du Centre Franco-Égyptien d'Ètudes des Temples de Karnak (2007)
    Paris : Soleb | Caire : Ifao
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_568835166
    Format: 1 DVD-ROM , Ill., graph. Darst , 12 cm
    ISBN: 9782724704389
    Series Statement: Cahiers de Karnak 12.2007,3
    Note: DVD-ROM ursprünglich als Beil. in Bd. 12, Fasc. 2 enthalten
    Language: French
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  • 2
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Improving Lifestyles, Tackling Obesity: The Health and Economic Impact of Prevention Strategies (2009)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958079012002883
    Format: 1 online resource (107 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.48
    Content: Overweight and obesity rates have been increasing relentlessly over recent decades in all industrialised countries, as well as in many lower income countries. OECD analyses of trends over time support the grim picture drawn in the international literature and so do projections of overweight and obesity rates over the next ten years. The circumstances in which people have been leading their lives over the past 20-30 years, including physical, social and economic environments, have exerted powerful influences on their overall calorie intake, on the composition of their diets and on the frequency and intensity of physical activity at work, at home and during leisure time. Many countries have been concerned not only about the pace of the increase in overweight and obesity, but also about inequalities in their distribution across social groups, particularly by socio-economic status and by ethnic background.
    Language: English
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  • 3
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    The Obesity Epidemic: Analysis of Past and Projected Future Trends in Selected OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958124958702883
    Format: 1 online resource (81 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.45
    Content: This paper provides an overview of past and projected future trends in adult overweight and obesity in OECD countries. Using individual-level data from repeated cross-sectional national surveys, some of the main determinants and pathways underlying the current obesity epidemic are explored, and possible policy levers for tackling the negative health effect of these trends are identified. First, projected future trends show a tendency towards a progressive stabilisation or slight shrinkage of pre-obesity rates, with a projected continued increase in obesity rates. Second, results suggest that diverging forces are at play, which have been pushing overweight and obesity rates into opposite directions. On one hand, the powerful influences of obesogenic environments (aspects of physical, social and economic environments that favour obesity) have been consolidating over the course of the past 20-30 years. On the other hand, the long term influences of changing education and socio-economic conditions have made successive generations increasingly aware of the health risks associated with lifestyle choices, and sometimes more able to handle environmental pressures. Third, the distribution of overweight and obesity in OECD countries consistently shows pronounced disparities by education and socio-economic condition in women (with more educated and higher socio-economic status women displaying substantially lower rates), while mixed patterns are observed in men. Fourth, the findings highlight the spread of overweight and obesity within households, suggesting that health-related behaviours, particularly those concerning diet and physical activity, are likely to play a larger role than genetic factors in determining the convergence of BMI levels within households.
    Language: English
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  • 4
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    The Labour Market Impacts of Obesity, Smoking, Alcohol Use and Related Chronic Diseases (2015)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959656656402883
    Format: 1 online resource (49 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.86
    Content: This paper examines the labour market impacts of lifestyle risk factors and associated chronic diseases, in terms of employment opportunities, wages, productivity, sick leave, early retirement and receipt of disability benefits. It provides a review of the evidence of the labour market outcomes of key risk factors (obesity, smoking and hazardous drinking) and of a number of related chronic diseases, along with findings from new analyses conducted on data from a selection of OECD countries. Overall, the evidence suggests that chronic diseases and associated risk factors have potentially large detrimental labour market impacts, but with mixed findings in some areas. Obesity and smoking clearly impair employment prospects, wages and labour productivity. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have negative impacts on employment prospects and wages, and diabetes, cancer and arthritis lower labour productivity. Alcohol use, cancer, high blood pressure and arthritis have mixed effects on employment and wages, and are not always linked with increased sickness absence (e.g. cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure). Finally, this paper stresses the importance of these findings for the economy at large, and supports the use of carefully designed chronic disease prevention strategies targeting people at higher risk of adverse labour market outcomes, which may lead to substantial gains in economic production through a healthier and more productive workforce.
    Language: English
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  • 5
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    The Role of Fiscal Policies in Health Promotion (2013)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959654190002883
    Format: 1 online resource (50 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.66
    Content: Taxes and other fiscal measures on health-related commodities are in widespread use. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products have been subjected to taxation for a long time in most countries. Several OECD governments have passed legislation to increase existing taxes or to introduce new taxes on foods high in salt, sugar or fat in the past few years. Traditionally, commodity taxes have been primarily seen as a source of fiscal revenues and a way to address consumption externalities. More recently, an increased emphasis has been placed on the potential health benefits of commodity taxation, as evidence emerged of the adverse public health, social and economic consequences of the consumption of a range of commodities. This paper provides a review of the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the key factors that governments must address when considering the adoption of fiscal measures for health promotion, highlighting the strengths, as well as the limitations and pitfalls, of specific measures. The main focus of this paper is on taxes on health-related commodities, although a range of other fiscal measures may potentially be used in health promotion. Existing evidence of effects on consumption and health outcomes points to the conclusion that taxes on healthrelated commodities can be a powerful tool for health promotion, although the variety and complexity of the effects they generate require careful consideration by policy makers who intend to adopt new taxes or reform existing ones. The arguments in support of taxes being used to attain public health objectives are strong for tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, but less clear-cut for foods, in which case the value of using taxes is highly dependent on their design and on the context in which they would be applied.
    Language: English
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  • 6
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Assessing the impacts of alcohol policies : A microsimulation approach (2015)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959653951602883
    Format: 1 online resource (127 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.80
    Content: Alcohol policies have significant potential to curb alcohol-related harms, improve health, increase productivity, reduce crime and violence, and cut government expenditure. The WHO Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol provides a menu of policy options based on international consensus, which the OECD has used as a starting point in identifying a set of policies to be assessed in an economic analysis based on a computer simulation approach. This working paper provides a comprehensive illustration of the modelling approach, input data and underlying assumptions that have been used to carry out the analyses. The policies assessed in three country settings – Canada, the Czech Republic and Germany – include price policies, regulation and enforcement policies, education programmes and health care interventions. The results of the OECD analyses show that brief interventions in primary care, typically targeting high-risk drinkers, and tax increases, which affect all drinkers, have the potential to generate large health gains. The impacts of regulation and enforcement policies as well as other health care interventions are more dependent on the setting and mode of implementation, while school-based programmes show less promise. Alcohol policies have the potential to prevent alcohol-related disabilities and injuries in hundreds of thousands of working-age people in the countries examined, with major potential gains in their productivity. Most alcohol policies are estimated to cut health care expenditures to the extent that their implementation costs would be more than offset. Health care interventions and enforcement of drinking-and-driving restrictions are more expensive policies, but they still have very favourable cost-effectiveness profiles.
    Language: English
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  • 7
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Alcohol consumption and harmful drinking : Trends and social disparities across OECD countries (2015)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959653952102883
    Format: 1 online resource (82 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.79
    Content: Harmful alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of ill health and premature mortality worldwide. This paper illustrates trends and social disparities in alcohol consumption and harmful drinking in 20 OECD countries. Analyses are based on individual-level data from national health and lifestyle surveys. Alcohol consumption, on average, remained relatively stable in OECD countries over the past 20 years, but with significant variations between countries. However, a closer look at trends and patterns of consumption in specific population groups reveals a more complex picture. Young people are increasingly taking up harmful drinking. Women with high education and high socio-economic status are more likely to engage in harmful drinking than their less educated and less well-off counterparts, while the opposite is observed in men. Levels and patterns of alcohol consumption have an impact on labour market. Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with less employment opportunities, high wage penalties, and lower productivity, whereas light and moderate consumption are associated with positive labour market outcomes. By shedding light on some of the dimensions of alcohol consumption in OECD countries, this paper aims at contributing to the design of appropriate health policies to prevent alcohol-related harms. The findings presented in the paper provide a basis for a quantitative assessment of the impacts of alternative policy options, and may contribute to a better targeting of such policies.
    Language: English
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  • 8
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    A European Public Investment Outlook (2021)
    Cambridge : Open Book Publishers
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959843491402883
    Format: 1 online resource (xxii-200 p.)
    ISBN: 979-1-03-656307-2 , 1-80064-013-7
    Content: This outlook provides a focused assessment of the state of public capital in the major European countries and identifies areas where public investment could contribute more to stable and sustainable growth. A European Public Investment Outlook brings together contributions from a range of international authors from diverse intellectual and professional backgrounds, providing a valuable resource for the policy-making community in Europe to feed their discussion on public investment. The volume both offers sector-specific advice and highlights larger areas which should be prioritized in the policy debate (from transport to social capital, R&D and the environment). The Outlook is structured into two parts: the chapters of Part I respectively explore public investment trends in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Europe as a whole, and illuminate how the legacy of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis is one of insufficient public investment. Part II investigates some areas into which resources could be channelled to reverse the recent trend and provide European economies with an adequate public capital stock. The essays in this outlook collectively foster a broad approach to and definition of public investment, that is today more relevant than ever. Offering up a timely and clear case for the elimination of bias against investment in European fiscal rules, this outlook is a welcome contribution to the European debate, aimed both at policy makers and general readers. As with all Open Book publications, this entire book is available to read for free on the publisher’s website. Printed and digital editions, together with supplementary digital material, can also be found at www.openbookpublishers.com
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-80064-011-0
    Language: English
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  • 9
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Do sound infrastructure governance and regulation affect productivity growth? New insights from firm level data (2020)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958122014002883
    Format: 1 online resource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, no.1609
    Content: Measuring the quality of governance and regulation in various ways and focusing on energy, transport and telecommunications, this paper shows that both sound governance of infrastructure investment and pro-competitive regulation in network industries are associated with stronger productivity growth in firms operating downstream.
    Language: English
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  • 10
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    The Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Chronic Diseases : an Economic Framework (2008)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958071635802883
    Format: 1 online resource (78 p. )
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers, no.32
    Content: This paper provides an economic perspective on the prevention of chronic diseases, focusing in particular on diseases linked to lifestyle choices. The proposed economic framework is centred on the hypothesis that the prevention of chronic diseases may provide the means for increasing social welfare, enhancing health equity, or both, relative to a situation in which chronic diseases are simply treated once they emerge. Testing this hypothesis requires the completion of several conceptual and methodological steps. The pathways through which chronic diseases are generated must be identified as well as the levers that could modify those pathways. Justification for action must be sought by examining whether the determinants of chronic diseases are simply the outcome of efficient market dynamics, or the effect of market and rationality failures preventing individuals from achieving the best possible outcomes. Where failures exist, possible preventive interventions must be conceived, whose expected impact on individual choices should be commensurate to the extent of those failures and to the severity of the outcomes arising from them. A positive impact of such interventions on social welfare and health equity should be assessed empirically through a comprehensive evaluation before interventions are implemented.
    Language: English
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